考研英语翻译真题精讲.docx
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1、考研英语翻译真题精讲凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路! 考研英语:翻译真题精讲 一、全真试题 Almost all our major problems involve human behavior,and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior,but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be dra
2、wn.61)One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind,feelings,traits of character,human nature,and so on.Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them.62)The behavioral sciences hav
3、e been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.The environment is obviously important,but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull,it selects,and this function is diffi
4、cult to discover and analyze.63)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago,and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.As the interaction
5、between organism and environment has come to be understood,however,effects once assigned to states of mind,feelings,and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions,and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems,however,until it replaces tra
6、ditional prescientific views,and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty.64)They are the possessions of the autonomousman of traditional theory,and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achi
7、evements.A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values”. Who will use a technology and to what ends?65)Until these issues are resolved,a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected,and with it possibly
8、 the only way to solve our problems. 二、翻译题解 One difficultyisthatalmost all ofwhatiscalled behavioral sciencecontinuesto trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 句子拆分: 拆分点参考:从属连词,谓语动词 One difficulty is /that almost all of what is called behavioral scie
9、nce / continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human 第1页共1页 凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路! nature, and so on. 解析: 主干结构是One difficulty is that. almost all of what is called behavioral science是表语从句中的主语部分,后面是简单的谓语和宾语结构。 词的处理: continues to trace behavior to .继续针对研究行为 behavioral s
10、cience行为科学 states of mind心态,意识状态 feelings感情 traits of character性格特点 技巧点拨: what和that引导的名词性从句直接翻译均可,无需调整顺序。 减词法:短语states of mind、traits of character、human nature均可以采用减词法,分别翻译成两个字的形式:“心态”“性格”“人性”,朗朗上口,符合汉语对仗的习惯。 完整译文: 难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。 The behavioral scienceshave beenslow to c
11、hange partlybecausethe explanatory items oftenseemto be directly observed and partlybecauseother kinds of explanationshave beenhard to find. 句子拆分: 拆分点参考:连词 The behavioral sciences have been slow to change/partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and/partly because othe
12、r kinds of explanations have been hard to find. 解析: 主句是The behavioral sciences have been slow to change。 and连接两个并列的原因状语从句:partly because . and partly because .。 词的处理: the explanatory items用以解释的要素、依据 other kinds of explanations其他解释方式 技巧点拨: 汉语中习惯前因后果,故原则上本句中的原因状语需要翻译到主句之前;但也有例外,我们可以借助词汇进行处理,用六个字“之所以.是
13、因为.”,这样就不需要对原文大动干戈了。 被动语态to be directly observed,可采用省略“被”字的翻译方法,译为“直接观察到”,这在汉语中与“水可以直接喝”类似,都是用主动的词汇表达被动的意思。 两个原因状语从句的主语并列,可以在翻译的时候相互印证借鉴,如explanatory items翻译成“解释依据”对大多数同学来说难度很大,但是与其并列的other kinds of explanations提示考生explanatory items翻译成explnations也算正确,因为它们是并 第2页共2页 凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路! 列的,意思也应一致。 完整译文:
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