8卡内基英语复习资料 .docx

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1、8卡内基英语复习资料 Key words and phrases 1. efficiency : n 效率，其他同根词：efficient: a 高效率的；inefficient: a 效率低的；inefficiency : n; effective: a 有效果的 1). He has done much to increase the _ of English teaching. 2). She is very _ in reducing waste. 3). His _ study method caused his failure. 4). The city government to

2、ok some _ measures to reduce unemployment. Answers: efficiency, efficient; inefficient, effective 2. increasingly: ad不断增加地， 由此可以联想到： increase：v 增加; increasing: a 不断增加的; decrease: v减少； 1). Drinking and smoking among young people _ to an alarming extent. 2). The truth is becoming _ apparent. 3). The _

3、 friendly relations between the two countries strengthen the cultural exchanges between them. 3. prevalent: a 流行的，普通的 = popular 4. calculator : n 计算者，计算器，calculate: v 计算；calculation : n 计算; calculating: a 诡计多端的 5. expose: v 使暴露，揭露，揭发，exposure: n; expose sb to sth让某人接触。 6. completion: n 完成、结束，由此可以联想到

4、： complete: v完成，a 完整的，completeness: n 完整；incomplete: a 不完整的 1). He _ denied the existence of god. 2). He has never _ a project on time. 3). Money will be paid half in advance and half on _. 4). When will the new railway _? 7). intensity : n 强烈、剧烈，由此可以联想到： intense = strong: a 强烈的, intensive: a 密集的，加强

5、的；intensify: v 加强；intension: n 强烈、紧张。 1). We should _ the struggle for peace. 2). There are few strong situations or moments of dramatic _. 3). They have been receiving a four-day _ training course. 4). They kept working in the _ heat. Answers: intensify, intensity, intensive, intense 8. defective :

6、 a 有缺点的，defect: n 缺点 9. assemble: v 集合、装配； assembly: n 装配 10. expose sth/sb to sth:暴露，面临、遭受 1). People often expose their skin to the sun in summer. 2). I wont expose my soldiers to such unnecessary risks. 11. in that: 在于，因为 1). I like the country better in that it is closer to nature. 12. in questi

7、on: 正被谈论的，正被考虑的(通常放在被修饰名词后面) We know nothing about the plan in question. Analyze the difficult sentences 1. Most of todays robots are employed in the automotive industry, where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. (p2) 翻译：今天大多数机器人用于汽车工

8、业，它们按照编好的程序接任了汽车和卡车车身的焊接和喷漆这一类的工作。 分析：该句的考点是where引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰in the automotive industry。另外请注意几个词的用法：employ: v 雇佣，使用，相当于use; program: v 编写程序；take over: 接管、接收、接任，如：Do you want me to take over the driving if you are tired? such.as例如，welding and spray painting是动名词，做宾语。 2. Robots, already taking over h

9、uman tasks in the automotive field, are beginning to be seen , although to a lesser degree, in other industries as well. (p3) 翻译：除了在汽车生产领域替代人工劳动外，机器人也开始在别的工业部门应用，虽然应用程度低一些。 分析：该句考点如下：already taking over human tasks in the automotive field是现在分词短语做定语；to be seen不定式的被动概念；although to a lesser degree让步状语，

10、to a lesser degree是表示：在更小的程度上，反义词：to a larger degree. 3. The robots used in nuclear pants handle the radioactive materials, preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation. (p3) 翻译：核电站里使用机器人处理辐射材料，避免人员接触放射性物质。 分析：主语：The robots；谓语：handle；宾语：the radioactive materials；used in nuclear pants h

11、andle the radioactive materials是过去分词短语做定语；preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation是现在分词短语做伴随状语。being exposed to动名词被动语态；prevent sb from doing 阻止某人做某事。 4. Robots differ form automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do

12、 another one. (p4) 翻译：机器人与自动化装置的区别在于它们完成一项特定任务后可以由计算机重新编程去执行另一项任务。 分析：该句重要考点：in that,相当于because, 所引导从句表原因。如： Men are different from other animals in that the former can create and use tools while the latter cannot. 5. It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human visio

13、n. (p5) 翻译：人们不知道是否有一天机器人能具有像人类一样好的视觉。 分析：该句的主语是whether引导的主语从句。，it 是形式主语；as good as human vision是后置定语修饰vision; 6. Engineers working on other advances are designing and experimenting with new types of metal hands and fingers, giving robots a sense of touch. (p6) 翻译：在其他方面努力取得进展的工程人员正在设计和实验新的金属手臂和手指，使机器

14、人具有触觉。 分析：请注意该句中几个-ing的区别：working on other advances是非谓语动词中的现在分词；are designing and experimenting是谓语动词的进行时态；giving robots a sense of touch是非谓语动词的现在分词做结果状语。词组：experiment with sth实验。 7. These future robots, assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions, will have plenty of wo

15、rk to do. (p7) 翻译：未来具有触觉、视觉并能决策的机器人将可以做很多工作。 分析：主语：These future robots；谓语：will have；宾语：plenty of work to do。 assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions是过去分词短语做定语，修饰主语，其中动词不定式to see and make decisions是另外一个定语，修饰the ability. 词组：be assembled with sth = be equipped wth sth装

16、备有。；a sense of touch触觉，同样的短语还有：a sense of sight/hearing/smell/taste:视觉，听觉，嗅觉，味觉；a sense of humor/direction:幽默感/方向感。make decisions做出决定；plenty of sth充足的，足够的 8. Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. (p7) 翻译：任何希望了解未来工业的人必须懂机器人。 分析：这句话是国考题目中常考的。考点：wanting to understand the industry of the future，是现在分词短语做定语，修饰anyone. 词组：know about sth了解。，懂得。 补充语法知识：名词性从句 名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。