新部编版11送东阳马生序教学ppt课件及教案.ppt

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1、11 送东阳马生序,写给东阳晚辈马君则的一篇赠序。东阳，今属浙江。生，长辈对晚辈的称呼。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

2、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

3、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.了解有关作者的文学常识及本文的文体特征；积累文言词汇，掌握常用的文言实词、虚词。（重点）2.反复诵读，理解文章内容，把握主题，领会其现实意义，体会文章中对比手法的运用。（难点）3.学习古人勤勉治学、不怕吃苦的精神，培养正确的苦乐观；珍惜现在的优越条件，努力学习。（重点）,学习目标,宋濂（13101381），字景濂，号潜溪，别号玄真子，也称宋学士，浦江（今属浙江）人，元末明初文学家。与高启、刘基并称为“明初诗文三大家”。朱元璋称他为“开国文臣之首”，刘基赞许他“当今文章第一”，四方学者称他为“太史公”。

4、著有宋学士文集等。,作者简介,本文选自宋濂全集卷三十一（人民文学出版社2014年版）。明洪武十一年（1378），宋濂告老还乡的第二年，他应诏从家乡浦江（今属浙江）到应天（今江苏南京）去朝见明太祖朱元璋。其时，正在太学读书的同乡晚辈马君则前来拜访。宋濂了解他是个“善学者”，便写了这篇序，介绍自己的学习经历和学习态度，勉励他珍惜现有良好的读书环境，专心治学。,背景链接,序 一种文体，一般用以陈述作品主旨、创作经过等。序有书序和赠序之分。书序比较早，多为叙述著作者的意趣、写作缘起等，如易序太史公自序等。赠序一般是在送朋友远行时所作，内容多是一些安慰、勉励、惜别、祝愿的话。本文是一篇赠序。,文体知识,

5、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

6、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

7、整体感知,朗读课文，读准生字词，借助注释理解文意。,嗜学（）逾（）加冠（）硕师（）叱咄（）负箧（）曳屣（）皲裂（）媵人（）,y,shu,ch du,qi,jn,yn,un,y x,sh,缊袍敝衣（）烨然（）容臭（）俟其欣悦（）谬称（）冻馁（）撰长书（）廪稍（）耄老（）裘葛之遗（）裘葛（）绮绣（）,y,s,mi,ni,ln,mo,xi,zhun,yn,wi,qi,q,余幼时即嗜学。家贫，无从致书以观，每假借于藏书之家，手自笔录，计日以还。天大寒，砚冰坚，手指不可屈伸，弗之怠。录毕，走送之，不敢稍逾约。以是人多以书假余，余因得遍观群书。既加冠，益慕,特别爱好。,没有办法。,得到。,常常。,借。,即

8、“弗怠之”，不懈怠，指不放松抄录书。,跑。,超过约定期限。,因此。,加冠之后，指已成年。古时男子二十岁举行加冠（束发戴帽）仪式，表示已经成人。后人常用“冠”或“加冠”表示年已二十。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

9、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

10、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,圣贤之道，又患无硕师名人与游，尝趋百里外，从乡之先达执经叩问。先达德隆望尊，门人弟子填其室，未尝稍降辞色。余立侍左右，援疑质理，俯身倾耳以请；或遇其叱咄，色愈恭，礼愈至，不敢出一言以复；,学问渊博的老师。,交游，交往。,疾走，跑。,拿着经书向当地有道德有学问的前辈请教。叩问，请教。,道德声望高。,挤满。,言辞委婉些，脸色温和些。辞色，言辞和脸色。,提出疑难，询问道理。援，引、提出。质，询问。,弯下身子，侧着耳朵请教

11、。表示专心而恭敬。,训斥，呵责。,周到。,回答，答复。这里指辩解的意思。,俟其欣悦，则又请焉。故余虽愚，卒获有所闻。当余之从师也，负箧曳屣行深山巨谷中。穷冬烈风，大雪深数尺，足肤皲裂而不知。至舍，四支僵劲不能动，媵人持汤沃灌，以衾拥覆，久而乃和。,等待。,背着书箱，拖着鞋子。,深冬，隆冬。穷，极。,皮肤因寒冷干燥而开裂。,这里指学舍、书馆。,四肢僵硬。支，同“肢”。,侍婢。这里指旅舍中的仆役。,拿了热水来浇洗。汤，热水。沃，浇。,被子。,暖。,寓逆旅，主人日再食，无鲜肥滋味之享。同舍生皆被绮绣，戴朱缨宝饰之帽，腰白玉之环，左佩刀，右备容臭，烨然若神人；余则缊袍敝衣处其间，略无慕艳意，以中有足乐

12、者，不知口体之奉不若人也。盖余之,穿着华丽的丝绸衣服。被，同“披”。绮，有花纹或图案的丝织品。绣，绣花的衣服。,系帽的带子。,用作动词，在腰间佩戴。,寄居在旅店，店主人每天供给两顿饭。逆旅，旅店。食，供养，给吃。,香袋。气味，这里指香气。,光彩照人的样子。,破旧的衣服。蕴，乱麻。敝，破。,丝毫没有。,羡慕。,因为内心有值得快乐的事，不觉得吃的穿的不如人。口体之奉，指吃穿的供给。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

13、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

14、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,勤且艰若此。今虽耄老，未有所成，犹幸预君子之列，而承天子之宠光，缀公卿之后，日侍坐备顾问，四海亦谬称其氏名，况才之过于余者乎？今诸生学于太学，县官日有廪稍之供，父母岁有,年老。语出礼记曲礼上：“八十九十曰耄”。,意思是

15、做了官。预，参与。君子，这里指有官位的人。,恩宠光耀。,跟随。,错误地称说我的姓名。这里是自谦的说法。,每天在皇帝座位旁边侍奉，准备接受询问。,指太学生。,我国古代设在京城的最高学府。,这里指朝廷。,公家按时供给的粮食。,裘葛之遗，无冻馁之患矣；坐大厦之下而诵诗书，无奔走之劳矣；有司业、博士为之师，未有问而不告、求而不得者也；凡所宜有之书，皆集于此，不必若余之手录，假诸人而后见也。其业有不精、德有不成者，,冬天的皮衣和夏天的葛衣。,给予，赠送。,饥饿。,都是古代学官名。,即“假之于人”，向别人借。诸，相当于“之于”。,非天质之卑，则心不若余之专耳，岂他人之过哉！东阳马生君则，在太学已二年，流辈

16、甚称其贤。余朝京师，生以乡人子谒余，撰长书以为贽，辞甚畅达，与之论辩，言和而色夷。自谓少时用心于学,同辈。,这里指退休后进京朝见皇帝。,低微，低下。,拜见。,写了一封长信作为礼物。贽，初次进见尊者时所持的礼物。,言辞谦和，脸色平易。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

17、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

18、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,甚劳，是可谓善学者矣。其将归见其亲也，余故道为学之难以告之。谓余勉乡人以学者，余之志也；诋我夸际遇之盛而骄乡人者，岂知余者哉！,诋毁，毁谤。,夸耀自己的际遇好（指得到皇帝的赏识重用）而在同乡面前显示骄傲。,通假字,四支僵劲不能动同舍生皆被绮绣,同“肢”，肢体,同“披”，穿,重点积累,古今异义,以是人多以书假余,古义：借 今义：不真实的,古义：最终 今义：士兵,卒获

19、有所闻,古义：跑 今义：走路、步行,录毕，走送之,媵人持汤沃灌,古义：热水 今义：饭汤、汤汁,尝趋百里外,古义：疾走，跑 今义：趋势,古义：两次 今义：又一次,主人日再食,古义：这 今义：常用作判断词,以是人多以书假余,无从致书以观,古义：得到 今义：达到，实现,古义：挤满 今义：填充,门人弟子填其室,古义：给予，赠送 今义：遗失,父母岁有裘葛之遗,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

20、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

21、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,一词多义,走送之益慕圣贤之道弗之怠当余之从师也,代词，指“书”,结构助词，的,结构助词，用于主谓之间，取消句子独立性,代词，指“抄书”这件事,介词，因；介词，把,以是人多以书假余以中有足乐者计日以还以衾拥覆无从致书以观,连词，表原因，可译为“因为”

22、,连词，表修饰，可不译,介词，用,连词，表目的，可译为“来”,足肤皲裂而不知久而乃和,连词，表转接,连词，表顺接,门人弟子填其室余则缊袍敝衣处其间,代词，代乡之先达,代词，代同舍的学生,礼愈至至舍,形容词，周到,动词，到，到达,益慕圣贤之道余故道为学之难以告之,名词，学说，主张,动词，说、讲,援疑质理非天质之卑,询问,资质,久而乃和言和而色夷,暖和,谦和,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

23、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

24、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,又患无硕师名人与游无冻馁之患矣,担心，忧虑,忧患,今诸生学于太学假诸人而后见也,众，各,之于,从乡之先达执经叩问当余之从师也,介词，向,动词，跟从,词类活用,腰白玉之环,名词用作动词，动手；笔，名词作状语，用笔,名词用作动词，穿着旧棉袄、破衣

25、服,名词用作动词，在腰间佩戴,名词用作状语，每天,主人日再食,余则缊袍敝衣处其间,手自笔录,文言句式,省略句：,又患无硕师名人与游 省略宾语“余”，正常语序应为“又患无硕师名人与（余）游”,余立侍左右 省略介词“于”，正常语序应为“余立侍（于）左右”,寓逆旅（“寓”后面省略介词“于”）,倒装句：,弗之怠（宾语前置，正常语序应为“弗怠之”）,每假借于藏书之家（状语后置，正常语序应为“每于藏书之家假借”）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

26、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

27、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.作者是怎样写自己的求学经历的？,抄书之艰（幼年读书的艰辛）,家贫 无从致书以观学习条件差（艰苦）,借书抄录（学习的勤奋）弗之怠学习态度好（求学的执着）,对比,研读赏析,从师之难（成年求师的艰

28、难）,未尝稍降辞色老师的严厉,对 比师生态度,立侍左右，俯身倾耳平时请教老师的情景,色愈恭，礼愈至老师发怒时他求教的情景,跋涉之苦（求学的艰难）,负箧曳屣，深山巨谷，穷冬烈风，大雪深数尺,足肤皲裂 四支僵劲,生活之苦（衣食粗劣、生活简朴）,住：寓逆旅 食：日再食 衣：缊袍敝衣,对 比,苦（贫寒）,同舍生：被绮绣 若神人,生活奢侈 豪华,2.作者为什么能克服这些困难，而“卒获有所闻”？,依靠精神力量“以中有足乐者”。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

29、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

30、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,3.作者从哪几个方面写了太学生学习条件优越？,诸生求学,生活条件优越，无冻馁之患,读书环境优越，无奔走之劳,无求师叩问之难,书目齐全，无无书之难,幼时抄书之艰,成年叩问之难,求师跋

31、涉之苦,住读生活之苦,自身经历,对比,通过对比，作者说明了学习条件的好坏，对学习效果没有决定性的影响。成功的重要因素是求学者的态度：要“勤且艰”和“用心专”。,4.作者写此文的原因是什么？试简要概括。,作者写此文的原因：一是马生善于学习；二是马生文章写得好，有文采；三是马生学习用心，不怕吃苦；四是马生与长者谈论时沉稳平和，态度谦恭。,5.作者写自己艰难求学的目的何在？,本文是长辈对晚辈的临别赠言，作者既要使晚辈有所得益，又不宜直接说教，于是现身说法，以自己的亲身经历鼓励马生勤奋学习，这样既含教诲，又怀勉励，读起来亲切感人，有说服力。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

32、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

33、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,6.学习本文后，我们应该怎样看待学习条件与学习好坏的关系？,

34、学习条件不好，仍然能学好，像宋濂那样；学习条件好，却不一定能学好。学习条件的好坏，对学习能够有所影响，但不是决定性的因素，学习成功的关键，是长期坚持“勤且坚”和“用心专”。,1.现身说法，情谊恳切。,作者勉励马生勤奋学习，没有避讳自己穷苦的求学史，也没有居高临下教训人，完全是以一种平等的、热情诚挚的态度，委婉含蓄地表达出自己的观点，达到劝说的目的。动之以情，晓之以理，读来更加亲切平易，字里行间包含着殷切期望和真诚的鼓励。,写作借鉴,2.运用对比，深刻说理。,本文运用了对比手法，突出文章的主旨。作者通过讲述自己年轻时读书、从师、求学的艰苦经历，与富家子弟的奢华形成鲜明的对比，有力地突出了文章的主

35、题，以此勉励马生勤奋求学、不怕吃苦。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

36、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

37、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,送东阳马生序,求学之难用心之专,幼时抄书之艰成年从师之难求师跋涉之苦衣食粗劣、生活俭朴,语重心长殷切希望循循善诱诚恳真挚,今日学习条件之优越,点明这篇赠序的写作原因和意图,生活条件居住条件师资条件图书资料,勤且艰,用心专,结构梳理,主旨归纳,本文通过作者自述青少年时求学的种种艰辛，并和现在太学生学习条件的优越进行对比，说明一个人是否学有所成，关键在于自己是否勤奋、专心，赞扬了马生的谦虚好学，表达了对他的期望与勉励之情。,东汉时，有一个叫孙敬的年轻人，孜孜不倦勤奋好学，闭门从早读到晚也很少休息，有时候到了三更半夜的时候很容易打盹（瞌睡）。为了不因此而影响学习

38、，孙敬想出一个办法，他找来一根绳子，一头绑在自己的头发上，另一头绑在房子的房梁上。这样，读书疲劳打瞌睡的时候只要头一低，绳子牵住头发扯痛头皮，他就会因疼痛而清醒过来再继续读书。后来，他终于成为了赫赫有名的政治家。,悬梁刺股,拓展延伸,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

39、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

40、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,战国时期的苏秦是一个有名的政治家，但是他在年轻的时候学问并不多，到了好多地方都没有人关注，即使有雄心壮志也得不到重用，于是他下定决心发愤图强努力读书。由于他经常读书读到深夜，疲倦到想要打盹的时候就用事先准备好的锥子往大腿上刺一下，这样突然的痛感使他猛然清醒过来，振作精神继续读书。,课后作业,1.熟读并背诵课文。2.作者家贫嗜学，乐以忘忧，在老师面前毕恭毕敬。我们现

41、在应该如何看待这种学习态度和从师尊师的表现？,同学们，再见！,怎样做一名合格教师？,欢迎各位同行！期待你我同行！,1、为什么选择教师这个职业？,几个问题,2、教师与其它职业最大的不同是什么？,3、你印象最深刻的老师是谁？为什么？,4、作为教师，你的职业愿景是什么？,怎样做合格教师？,今日话题：,什么是合格的教师？,什么是教师？,“教师”两字的历史涵义：,中国文化：天地君亲师唐代韩愈：师者，所以传道授业解惑也英国弗兰西斯培根：教师是知识种子的传播者，是文明之树的 培育者，是人类灵魂的设计者。前苏联加里宁：教师是人类灵魂的工程师捷克教育家夸美纽斯：教师应该是道德卓异的优秀人物。徐特立：教师总是先进

42、份子。,什么是教师？,教师一个职业教学解题教育说教,什么是教师？,广义：凡是能给别人某种较长时期有效影响的人，都可称之为老师。狭义：在学校范围内，以对学生的身心发展施加积极影响为职业的专业人员。教师法：教师是“履行教育教学职责的专业人员”。是特指以教育学生为职业的人。教育学：教师是传递和传播人类文明的专职人员，是学校教育的主要实施者。,什么是教师？,现代汉语词典：合格符合标准,什么是合格教师？,教育部中学教师专业标准(试行),一、标准的基本理念（一）学生为本尊重中学生权益，以中学生为主体，充分调动和发挥中学生的主动性；遵循中学生身心发展特点和教育教学规律，提供适合的教育，促进中学生生动活泼学习

43、、健康快乐成长，全面而有个性的发展。,什么是合格教师？,教育部中学教师专业标准(试行),一、标准的基本理念（二）师德为先热爱中学教育事业，具有职业理想，践行社会主义核心价值体系，履行教师职业道德规范。关爱中学生，尊重中学生人格，富有爱心、责任心、耐心和细心；为人师表，教书育人，自尊自律，以人格魅力和学识魅力教育感染中学生，做中学生健康成长的指导者和引路人。,什么是合格教师？,教育部中学教师专业标准(试行),一、标准的基本理念（三）能力为重把学科知识、教育理论与教育实践相结合，突出教书育人实践能力；研究中学生，遵循中学生成长规律，提升教育教学专业化水平；坚持实践、反思、再实践、再反思，不断提高专

44、业能力。,什么是合格教师？,教育部中学教师专业标准(试行),一、标准的基本理念（四）终身学习学习先进中学教育理论，了解国内外中学教育改革与发展的经验和做法；优化知识结构，提高文化素养；具有终身学习与持续发展的意识和能力，做终身学习的典范。,什么是合格教师？,二、标准的基本内容,标准的基本内容包含“维度”、“领域”和“基本要求”三个层次：3 个维度：专业理念与师德、专业知识、专业能力；14个领域：在各个维度下，确立了4至6个领域；61项基本要求：在每个领域之下，提出3至6项不等的基本要求。,什么是合格教师？,教师的责任与地位：,教育是一种国家意志，不同的国家培养人的目标也不同。对教师要求也尽不相

45、同，但每个国家、每个民族都非常重视本国的教育、本民族的教育。民族的希望在教育，教育的希望在教师，教师的希望在发展。中国教师是发展教育事业、培养社会主义建设者和接班人的骨干力量。在教育过程中，教师处于教育者、领导者和组织者的地位，对教育内容、教育方法和教育过程的组织，对学生的学习、锻炼、身心发展等都起主导作用。一所学校能否卓有成效地完成培养人的任务，关键在教师。,什么是合格教师？,当代教师面临的三项主要责任：岗位责任、社会责任、国家责任。这就要求我们教师在每天所做的极其平凡的工作之中，始终牢记为学生负责，为学校负责，为家长负责，为社会负责，为国家负责。当你每天忠实的履行着自己神圣职责的时候，也就

46、是在为自己负责，你将成为一名合格的人民教师。,教师的责任,什么是合格教师？,中华人民共和国教师法第4条指出：“各级人民政府应当采取措施改善教师的工作条件和生活条件，保障教师的合法权益，提高教师的社会地位。全社会都应当尊重教师。”第7条规定：教师享有的六项权利，其中有“按时取得工资报酬，享受国家规定的福利待遇以及寒暑假的带薪休假”等；,教师的地位,什么是合格教师？,第2532条规定：教师的各项待遇，其中包括“教师的平均工资水平应当不低于或者高于国家公务员的工资水平，并逐步提高”，“享受教龄津贴和其他津贴”、“对教师住房的建设、租赁、出租实行优先、优惠，对教师提供医疗待遇，享受国家规定的退休或退职

47、待遇”；第35、36条规定：保护教师政治及人身权利的法律措施等等。,什么是合格教师？,教师的地位,教师的基本素质要求：,1、思想政治素质,2、道德素质,3、文化素质,4、能力素质,5、心理素质,6、身体素质,7、外在素质,什么是合格教师？,2、道德素质教师的道德素质是指教师在道德品质方面的修养，是教师在道德认识、道德情感、道德意志和道德行为上的稳定的特征。教师必须具有良好的道德素质。,1、思想政治素质教师的思想政治素质是指教师在政治方向、政治立场、政治观点、政治品德和思想作风等方面基本情况的总和。思想政治素质是整体素质的灵魂。,3、文化素质教师的文化素质包含：文化基础知识、专业知识、教育科学知

48、识、专业或技能操作和应用知识。,广博的知识、扎实的专业、灵动的教育、娴熟的教学,什么是合格教师？,4、能力素质教师的能力素质是指教师顺利完成教育教学活动必须具备的能力。教师应具备的能力主要有：组织管理能力；教学组织能力；语言表达能力；自我控制能力；协作、交流能力；创新思维能力；开展课外活动能力；科学研究能力；教育反思能力；审美能力；计算机应用能力等。,什么是合格教师？,5、心理素质,教师的心理素质是指表现在教师身上的那些经常的、稳定的心理特征。认识因素，即注意力、记忆力、想像力、观察力等；兴趣因素，即个人兴趣及其品质，如兴趣的广度、深度、稳定性与效能等；一般情绪因素，即情绪、心境、激情、热情等

49、；情绪品质因素，即情绪的稳定性、深刻性等；社会情感因素，即道德感、理智感、美感等；意志因素，即意志及其品质；性格因素，即性格特征；气质因素，即个性情绪和活动的反应强度、速度与表现趋向。,6、身体素质教师的身体素质是指教师在身体方面的基本情况和应具备的条件，它是教师体质的反映，也是教师在教育教学活动中所表现出的各种机体能力。一是体格状况，二是体能状况，三是身体的适应能力情况。,7、外在素质教师的外在素质是指教师呈现在人们面前的风度仪表，外在的精神面貌。,教师的亲和力、幽默感在很大程度上决定了教育效果。,什么是合格教师？,我们的优势：理想、青春、活力、知识、热情,什么是合格教师？,怎样做合格教师？

50、,4、新教师要过好三关,思想关、教学关、教育关,2、立志做最好的教师,3、新教师首先加快角色转变,5、给新教师的几点建议,1、青年教师成长的一般规律,适应期（1-2年）：尽快实现角色转变，学习掌握教育教学技能，以开朗的性格溶于学校教师群体中；探索学生管理的基本方法；防止产生理想与现实的失落感。稳定期（3-5年）：努力形成自己的教育教学风格，熟练的驾驭所授课程，妥善处理学生事务，形成良好的师生关系。注意防止职业倦怠。发展成熟期（6-10年）：熟练掌握了教学基本功，积累了一定的教育教学经验，形成稳定的教学风格，逐步成为学校的教学骨干、逐渐被同行和学校领导认可。,一、青年教师成长的一般规律,新教师不