经济学原理-微观-第五版测试题库-(04).docx

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1、Chapter4TheMarketForcesofSupplyandDemandTRUEFALSE1. Pricesallocateamarketeconomysscarceresources.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-0NAT:AnalyticLOC:Markets,marketfailure,andexternalitiesTOP:MarketeconomiesMSC:Definitional2. Inamarketeconomy,supplyanddemanddetermineboththequantityofeachgoodproducedandthepriceatwhichit

2、issold.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-0NAT:AnalyticLOC:Markets,marketfailure,andexternalitiesTOP:MarketeconomiesMSC:Definitional3. Amarketisagroupofbuyersandsellersofaparticulargoodorservice.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Markets,marketfailure,andexternalitiesTOP:MarketsMSC:Definitional4. Sellersasagroupdetermin

3、ethedemandforaproduct,andbuyersasagroupdeterminethesupplyofaproduct.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:DemandSupplyMSC:Definitional5. Ayardsaleisanexampleofamarket.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Markets,marketfailure,andexternalitiesTOP:MarketsMSC:Applicative6. Anewspaper,sclassif

4、iedadsareanexampleofamarket.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Markets,marketfailure,andexternalitiesTOP:MarketsMSC:Applicative7. Mostmarketsintheeconomyarehighlycompetitive.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Markets,marketfailure,andexternalitiesTOP:MarketsMSC:Definitional8. Inacompetitivemarket,thequa

5、ntityofeachgdproducedandthepriceatwhichitissoldarenotdeterminedbyanysinglebuyerorseller.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Markets,marketfailure,andexternalitiesTOP:CompetitivemarketsMSC:Definitional9. Inacompetitivemarket,therearesofewbuyersandsofewsellersthateachhasasignificantimpactonthemarketprice

6、.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Markets,marketfailure,andexternalitiesTOP:CompetitivemarketsMSC:Definitional10. Inaperfectlycompetitivemarket,thegoodsofferedforsaleareallexactlythesame.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:PerfectcompetitionTOP:PerfectcompetitionMSC:Definitional11. Inaperfectlycompetit

7、ivemarket,buyersandsellersarepricesetters.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:PerfectcompetitionTOP:PerfectcompetitionMSC:Definitional12.Allgoodsandservicesaresoldinperfectlycompetitivemarkets.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:PerfectcompetitionMSC:DefinitionalTOP:Perfectcompetition13.Ifagoodorserviceha

8、sonlyoneseller,thentheselleriscalledaANS:TDIF:1REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:MonopolyTOP:Monopolymonopoly.MSC:Definitional14.Monopolistsarepricetakers.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:MonopolyTOP:MonopolyMSC:Interpretive15.LocalcableTVcompaniesfrequentlyaremonopolists.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-1NAT:AnalyticLOC:Monop

9、olyTOP:MonopolyMSC:Definitional16.Thequantitydemandedofaproductistheamountthatbuyersanprice.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandMSC:Definitional3willingandabletopurchaseataparticularTOP:Quantitydemanded17.Thelawofdemandistrueformostgoodsintheeconomy.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:Suppl

10、yanddemandMSC:DefinitionalTOP:Lawofdemand18. Thelawofdemandstatesthat,otherthingsequal,whenthepriceofagoodrises,thequantitydemandedofthegoodrises,andwhenthepricefalls,thequantitydemandedfalls.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:LawofdemandMSC:Definitional19. Thedemandcurveistheupward

11、-slopinglinerelatingpriceandquantitydemanded.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:Demandcu,eMSC:Definitional20. Individualdemandcun,esaresummedhorizontallytoobtainthemarketdemandcurve.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:MarketdemandcurveMSC:Definitional21. Themarketdem

12、andcurveshowshowthetotalquantitydemandedofagoodvariesastheincomeofbuyersvaries,whilealltheotherfactorsthataffecthowmuchconsumerswanttobuyareheldconstant.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:MarketdemandcurveMSC:Definitional22. Ifsomethinghappenstoalterthequantitydemandedatanygivenpric

13、e,thenthedemandcurveshifts.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:Demandcur,eMSC:Definitional23. Amovementupwardandtotheleftalongagivendemandcurveiscalledadecreaseindemand.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:Demandcur,eMSC:Interpretive24. Anincreaseindemandshiftsthedeman

14、dcurvetotheleft.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:Demandcur,eMSC:Definitional25. Ifthedemandforagoodfallswhenincomefalls,thenthegoodiscalledaninferiorgood.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:NormalgoodsMSC:Definitional26. WhenMariosincomedecreases,hebuysmorepasta.Fo

15、rMario,pastaisanormalgood.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:InferiorgoodsMSC:Applicative27. Adecreaseinincomewillshiftthedemandcurveforaninferiorgoodtotheright.ANS:IDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:InferiorgoodsMSC:Interpretive28. Anincreaseinthepriceofasubstitutegood

16、willshiftthedemandcurveforagoodtotheright.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:SubstitutesMSC:Interpretive29. Baseballsandbaseballbatsaresubstitutegoods.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:ComplementsMSC:Applicative30. Adecreaseinthepriceofacomplementwillshiftthedemand

17、curveforagoodtotheleft.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:ComplementsMSC:Interpretive31. Whenanincreaseinthepriceofonegoodlowersthedemandforanothergood,thetwogoodsarecalledcomplements.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:ComplementsMSC:Definitional32. Cocoaandmarshmal

18、lowsarecomplements,soadecreaseinthepriceofcocoawillcauseanincreaseinthedemandformarshmallows.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:ComplementsMSC:Applicative33. Ifapersonexpectsthepriceofsockstoincreasenextmonth,thenthatpersonscurrentdemandforsockswillincrease.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:Anal

19、yticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:ExpectationsMSC:Applicative34. AdecreaseinthepriceofapxiuctandanincreaseinthenumberofbuyersinthemarketaffectthedemandCUrVeinthesamegeneralway.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:Demandcu,eMSC:Interpretive35. Wheneveradeterminantofdemandotherthanpricechanges

20、,thedemandcurveshifts.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:DemandcurveMSC:Interpretive36. Anincreaseinthepriceofpizzawillshiftthedemandcurveforpizzatotheleft.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:DemandcurveMSC:Applicative37. Publicserviceannouncements,mandatoryhealthwar

21、ningsoncigarettepackages,andtheprohibitionofcigaretteadvertisingontelevisionareallpoliciesaimedatshiftingthedemandCUrVeforcigarettestotheright.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:Demandcun,eMSC:Applicative38. Moststudieshavefoundthattobaccoandmarijuanaarecomplementsratherthansubstitu

22、tes.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:ComplementsMSC:Applicative39. Thequantitysuppliedofagoodorserviceistheamountthatsellersarewillingandabletosellataparticularprice.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:QuantitysuppliedMSC:Definitional40. Whenthepriceofagoodishigh,s

23、ellingthegoodisprofitable,andsothequantitysuppliedislarge.ANS:TDIF:IREF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:LawofsupplyMSC:Definitional41. Whenthepriceofagoodislow,sellingthegoodisprofitable,andsothequantitysuppliedislarge.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:LawofsupplyMSC:Definiti

24、onal42. Pricecannotfallsolowthatsomesellerschoosetosupplyaquantityofzero.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:QuantitysuppliedMSC:Interpretive43. Thelawofsupplystatesthat,otherthingsequal,whenthepriceofagoodrises,thequantitysuppliedofthegoodfalls.ANS:FDIF:IREF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:Suppl

25、yanddemandTOP:LawofsupplyMSC:Definitional44. Thelawofsupplystatesthat,otherthingsequal,whenthepriceofagoodfalls,thequantitysuppliedfallsaswell.45. Ifahigherpricemeansagreaterquantitysupplied,thenthesupplycurveslopesupward.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:SupplycurveMSC:Definitiona

26、l46. Individualsupplycurvesaresummedverticallytoobtainthemarketsupplycurve.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:MarketsupplycurveMSC:Definitional47. Themarketsupplycurveshowshowthetotalquantitysuppliedofagoodvariesasinputpricesvary,holdingconstantalltheotherfactorsthatinfluenceproduce

27、rsdecisionsabouthowmuchtosell.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:MarketsupplycurveMSC:Definitional48. Ifsomethinghappenstoalterthequantitysuppliedatanygivenprice,thenwemovealongthefixedsupplycur,etoanewquantitysupplied.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:SupplycurveM

28、SC:Interpretive49. Amovementalongasupplycurveiscalledachangeinsupplywhileashiftofthesupplycurveiscalledachangeinquantitysupplied.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:SupplyQuantitysuppliedMSC:Interpretive50. Adecreaseinsupplyshiftsthesupplycurvetotheleft.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticL

29、OC:SupplyanddemandTOP:SupplycurveMSC:Definitional51. Areductioninaninputpricewillcauseachangeinquantitysupplied,butnotachangeinsupply.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:InputpricesMSC:Interpretive52. Anincreaseinthepriceofinkwillshiftthesupplycurveforpensiotheleft.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-3N

30、AT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:InputpricesMSC:Applicative53. Ifthereisanimprovementinthetechnologyusedtoproduceagood,thenthesupplycurveforthatgoodwillshifttotheleft.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:TechnologyMSC:Interpretive54. Advancesinproductiontechnologytypicallyreducefirms

31、costs.ANS:IDIF:2REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:TechnologyMSC:Interpretive55. Ifacompanymakingfrozenorangejuiceexpectsthepriceofitsproducttobehighernextmonth,itwillsupplymoretothemarketthismonth.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:ExpectationsMSC:Applicative56. Whenasellere

32、xpectsthepriceofitsproducttodecreaseinthefuture,thesellerssupplycurveshiftsleftnow.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:ExpectationsMSC:Interpretive57. Anincreaseinthepriceofaproductandanincreaseinthenumberofsellersinthemarketaffectthesupplycurveinthesamegeneralway.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-3NA

33、T:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:SupplycurveMSC:Interpretive58. Wheneveradeterminantofsupplyotherthanpricechanges,thesupplycurveshifts.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:SupplycurveMSC:Interpretive59. Adecreaseinthepriceofpizzawillshiftthesupplycurveforpizzatotheleft.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4

34、-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:SupplycurveMSC:Applicative60. Supplyanddemandtogetherdeterminethepriceandquantityofagoodsoldinamarket.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Definitional61. Amarketsequilibriumisthepointatwhichthesupplyanddemandcurvesintersect.ANS:TDIF

35、:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Definitional62. Attheequilibriumprice,quantitydemandedisequaltoquantitysupplied.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Definitional63. Theequilibriumpriceisthesameasthemarket-clearingprice.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:Analyti

36、cLOC:EquilibriumTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Definitional64. Attheequilibriumprice,buyershaveboughtalltheywanttobuy,butsellershavenotsoldalltheywanttosell.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Definitional65. Theactionsofbuyersandsellersnaturallymovemarketstowardequilibrium.ANS:TDIF:1

37、REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Definitional66. Whenthemarketpriceisabovetheequilibriumprice,thequantityofthegooddemandedexceedsthequantitysupplied.ANS:FDIF:IREF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Definitional67.Whenthemarketpriceisabovetheequilibriumprice,supplier

38、sareunabletosellalltheywanttosell.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Definitional68.Asurplusisthesameasanexcessdemand.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:SurplusMSC:Definitional69.Sellersrespondtoasurplusbycuttingtheirprices.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLO

39、C:SupplyanddemandTOP:SurplusMSC:Definitional70.Pricewillrisetoeliminateasurplus.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:SurplusMSC:Interpretive71. Whenquantitysuppliedexceedsquantitydemandedatthecurrentmarketprice,themarkethasasurplusandmarketpricewilllikelyriseinthefuturetoeliminatethesurpl

40、us.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:SurplusMSC:Interpretive72. Whenthemarketpriceisbelowtheequilibriumprice,thequantityofthegooddemandedexceedsthequantitysupplied.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Definitional73.Whenthemarketpriceisbelowtheequilibriumprice

41、,suppliersareunabletosellalltheywanttosell.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-4EquilibriumMSC:DefinitionalNAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:74.Ashortageisthesameasanexcessdemand.ANS:TDIF:1REF:NAT:AnalyticLOC:Supplyanddemand4-4TOP:ShortageMSC:Definitional75.Sellersrespondtoashortagebycuttingtheirprices.ANS:FDIF:1REF:4-4NA

42、T:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:ShortageMSC:Definitional76.Pricewillrisetoeliminateashortage.ANS:TDIF:2REF:NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:4-4ShortageMSC:Interpretive77. Whenquantitydemandedexceedsquantitysuppliedatthecurrentmarketprice,themarkethasashortageandmarketpricewilllikelyriseinthefuturetoe

43、liminatetheshortage.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:ShortageMSC:Interpretive78. Surplusesdrivepriceupwhileshortagesdrivepricedown.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:ShortageSurplusMSC:Interpretive79. Ashortagewilloccuratanypricebelowequilibriumpriceandasurpluswilloccurat

44、anypriceaboveequilibriumprice.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:ShortageSUrPIUSMSC:Interpretive80. Inamarket,thepriceofanygoodadjustsuntilquantitydemandedequalsquantitysupplied.ANS:TDIF:2REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Interpretive81. Whenasupplycurveorademandcurve

45、shifts,theequilibriumpriceandequilibriumquantitychange.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:EquilibriumTOP:EquilibriumMSC:Definitional82. Demandreferstotheamountbuyerswishtobuy,whereasthequantitydemandedreferstothepositionofthedemandcurve.ANS:FDIF:IREF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:DemandQuantit

46、ydemandedMSC:Definitional83. SupplyreferstothepositionofIhesupplycurve,whereasthequantitysuppliedreferstotheamountsupplierswishtosell.ANS:TDIF:1REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:SupplyanddemandTOP:SupplyQuantitysuppliedMSC:Definitional84. Itisnotpossiblefordemandandsupplytoshiftatthesametime.ANS:FDIF:2REF:4-4NAT:AnalyticLOC:Suppl