Listening training in middle school.doc

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1、The outline of “listening training in middle schoolA Explain the importance of listening and listening training during the course of teaching English . B Analyze the factors influencing listening effect, including being short of basic language knowledge；the influence of our native language; lack of

2、cultural background knowledge and psychological elements， especially introduce how to pay attention to the psychological factors and improve the effect of listening teaching.C According to the teaching experience, introduce some methods to improve students listening ability, such as: cultivate their

3、 interest in listening, practice both in and out of class etc.D Analyze construction and subject themes of various listening materials and then instruct some skills for listening test . E Draw a conclusion of this paper. Abstract 文章首先剖析了影响听力效果的因素。主要包括：英语基础知识的缺乏；本族语的负面影响；相关语言文化及背景知识的欠缺及许多自身因素的干扰，如兴趣、

4、心理障碍、自信心等。其次，本文又重点介绍了提高听力技能的主要方法。常见的有：从选材、训练方式、听力习惯等方面来调动学生听的兴趣；把“精听”和“泛听”结合起来；加强课内、课外的听力训练；同时还要密切师生关系、区别对待不同程度的学生。根据听力材料性质，文章最后又给出了几种应试技巧：如：先听后读或先读后听；快速对比备选答案；联想、对比近义词、反义词等；尤其对如何做好对话题、短文题作了适当的说明。在中学英语教学中，听力是必教的重要技能之一，听的能力的培养是很关键的 During the course of teaching English in middle school, Listening is

5、one of the important skills that should be taught，and listening training is very critical.First，this article analyses the main factors affecting listening effect，which mainly includes：Being short of basic language knowledge；the negative influence of our native language；lacking in cultural background

6、 knowledge and interference of many psychological factors such as interest， psychological obstacles and confidence.Second，it tells us how to improve students listening ability. such as：cultivate students interest in listening through selection of various materials, improving training styles, develop

7、ing habits of their listening and so on；combine extensive listening and intensive listening together；practice both in and out of class；meanwhile，make the relationship close between the students and teachers. In addition，distinguish the students of different degrees.Third，according to the nature of l

8、istening materials，this article introduces skills for listening test，such as: reading after listening or listening after reading；quick comparison among the answers given；and attention to antonyms and synonyms. In the end the article especially explains how to deal with dialogues and passages well. L

9、istening training in middle school1. The importance of listening and listening trainingDuring the course of teaching English in middle school listening is one important skill needed to be taught， because listening is very important and it is placed the first among the five elements for the learning

10、of foreign language. if you want to examine your own communication behavior, you would probably find that you spend more time in listening than speaking, reading and writing. But most of us are likely to be far from effective as listeners even if we hear satisfactorily. Why does it happen？ It is bec

11、ause few of us have had much training in listening of the four communication skills for reading，writing speaking and listening. Far more hours of study have focused on reading and writing than on speaking and listening. Let us examine the difficulties that many of us face while we are listening to t

12、he materials：you may hear what is said but be unable to understand it； you may understand what is said but you may assign it a meaning different from that intended by the originator； You may hear and understand the message but behave inappropriately because you did not evaluate it properly. You may

13、interpret information accurately but forget it.“Listening and speaking then writing and reading ”is proved to be a proper and effective method of foreign language teaching during the teaching of foreign language we should follow the rules of foreign language learning and make full use of learning li

14、stening and speaking in advance As a result, listening and speaking would drive reading and writing They would improve the balanced development of various language ability.2. The factors of influencing the listening effect.There are following factors which make the listening difficult.A. Being short

15、 of basic language knowledge.Hearing is the sum total of“listening” and “comprehension” and “hearing”is the process of using various knowledge and skill. Listening comprehension and reaction speed are decided by the students degree of mastering the basic language knowledge.apronunciation and reading

16、 speedEven at the beginning of language learning some students are not sure of the proper pronunciation of each word. If things go on like this, especially of those words which have similar pronunciation, the students would find its very difficult to distinguish. Here are some commonly used words th

17、at have similar even the same pronunciation.e.g. sheep ship / /-/ /house horse / /-/ /bad bed / /-/ /much march / /-/ /mouth mouse / /-/ /quite quiet / /-/ /Once hearing such the words above , some of us feel puzzled. Most important of all, you should make it clearwhat are these words and their pron

18、unciation？More attention should be paid to the pronunciation.Various kinds of changes in speaking speed would cause a series of problems. When the speed is comparatively slow and materials are comparatively easy ,the students feel better or they feel much more difficult ,Why？1）Liaison eg Ive often h

19、eard about you. The box is on the table.2）Lose the plosive e.g. Mary asked Tom to write soon. Shake your head if you dont want to go.3）Stress eg There is a desk and a chair in it ，too. Put some of it in the box and some of it in the bag4）Some words have different pronunciation in different situation

20、 e.g. Yes，there are. There are/ /three students in the roomThe above phenomenon appearing at the same time in fairly fast listening materials makes people think that they meet with new words。bVocabulary Vocabulary is the most detailed part of language knowledge large number of vocabulary will help y

21、ou to do well in listening comprehension and master the listening materials quickly. In order to know others idea and express oneself, thousands of words and short phrases are very necessary. Books are the most convenient and useful tools that provide us with words .So in order to improve our listen

22、ing ability and enlarge our own vocabulary we should memorize the words through the context of the readings. Meanwhile we should also learn some word building knowledge to extend the vocabulary.cThe difference Between British English and American English Besides the difference in some spelling, Brit

23、ish English and America English have great difference in pronunciation. In the past our English teaching methods were mostly limited in British English teaching system. With the policy of reform and opening to the outside world, American listening materials become more popular. Obstacles grow up sin

24、ce most people are not familiar with the difference of British English and American English. Here are some examples, B.E. A.E./ / / dog / / / / / / glass / / / / / / talk / / / /It is well known that the above language knowledge is very important for language learning. In order to master foreign lan

25、guage, one must try his best to learn basic language knowledge well.BThe influence of our native language When listening to a paragraph of language information, most students used to translate them one sentence after another, but not pass on them in a scene or a picture and that has greatly affected

26、 their reaction speed, understanding and memorization. As we know, Chinese sentence structure and word order are greatly different from those of English. So comprehending English on the base of Chinese can be both slow and easily causing understanding mistakes. Whats more., concentrating energy on t

27、ranslation，we hare only limited time to comprehend the listening materials without any implied meanings of them. Especially for a long and complicated sentence, the translation is much more difficult For example, he had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. In t

28、his sentence you may look for a Chinese sentence that equals：“hardlywhen”，then think of its tense, and then understand its meaning. So your speed would be much slower and would easily make misunderstanding. So we should pay attention to the “scene” and try to play drills of “listening and speaking”

29、while looking at a picture. It would be very useful for us to overcome the negative influence of our native language and to form a good habit of thinking in English.C. Cultural and background knowledge. Language is the appearance of culture. Students who want to learn English well must have certain

30、knowledge about history， language and culture even know something. About their local conditions and customs, their living style and habits. For lacking of such knowledge, some students have difficulties in listening. For example, “Thanksgiving”, “April Fool” often appear in some listening materials.

31、 If students have little knowledge about these, they will feel puzzled. For instance ，the English usually greet each other by talking about the weather but our Chinese are in a different matter.In most time，Chinese would like to ask others,“whats your wifes job？and her age？”and the partener would ne

32、ver mind. But the English are not likely to talk about their own privacy such as age, salary and so on. Asking about such things is usually thought to be uncultured. So during the course of English learning, students should try to accumlate more knowledge, which is about local conditions，culture，his

33、tory and politics of western countries in order to understand and master the content of the listening materials theyve learned. DPsychological factorsPeople become aware of psychological factors nowadays. They have found that in the whole process of learning a foreign language. Learners are the key

34、internal factors. The difference of their psychological and emotion factors have great influence on teaching and learning achievements.a Psychological factors which influence the teaching of listening Krashen，American psychology linguist, thinks that the factors which influenced foreign language tea

35、ching can be caused into the following：1）Whether there are enough comprehensive input2）Whether there are some psychology obstacle in the process of listening “Input” doesnt mean “intake”.Learners may comprehend the whole material or only part of it, sometimes even nothing in the material can be unde

36、rstood. Psychologists think that “interest” is very important in language learning. If learners are interested in listening class or listening material, their thought would be active and their ability of understanding would be improved. So would their listening ability. It is obvious that one has to

37、 focus his attention on material while listening to the record. But because of various reasons，in listening class the students are easily to be nervous, to be worry or to be scared .They are afraid of misunderstanding, of making mistakes, of answering questions，of failure and so on.bPay attention to

38、 the psychologist elements， try to improve the effect of listening teachingDuring our teaching course， teachers are playing the part of psychologists. On selecting of materials and class practice, teachers should restrain negative factors and bring active factors into play in order to improve the te

39、aching effect.1)Choosing listening materialsWhen choosing listening materials, we should try to choose some interesting，new and all kinds of materials.Interesting and true materials may bring out the learners curiosity and arouse their desire to “hear” them. Rich content and activities may keep and

40、improve the learners enthusiasm.In addition, teachers should also consider the level of the students and the difficult degree of listening materials. Of course, if the material is too easy，students would learn very few knowledge. But if it is too difficult they would feel disappointed and even lose

41、their interest .So we should choose some materials that somewhat above the learners real level but within their ability limitation. Once such kind of material is used， they would work harder to make rapid progress.2）Practising in classTeachers should design every teaching step carefully ,pay attenti

42、on to the students psychologi factors.First, try to stimulate students interest and attact their attention. You may study listening materials at first and prepare some inspiring questions, then raising these questions before listening to the tape. After imagination and discussion, students would hav

43、e the desire to listen， for they want to know the results. Besides, if teachers make good use of the “pause” key skillfully .It is also a influencial way to attract students attention. Usually, students feel dull and tired so that they cant catch the main idea and key words of the materials while co

44、ncentrating on listening for a long time. But if using “pause” key at a proper time and raising new questions teachers may arouse students interest. Listening class doesnt only mean “listening”. In addition to listening ,teachers can also let the students write a summary, read some background knowle

45、dge, imitate or play the part of those characters in listening materials, and make good use of “group discussion” so that integrate listening with speaking and reading.Second， eliminate psychological obstacles and cut down anxiety .Teachers should get familiar with listening material, then introduce

46、 some background knowledge and explain them to students in order to let them discuss on the key words and try to get rid of those obstacles. For lacking of listening art and skill, some students may fell troubled during the course of listening. Teachers should help them. Practice after listening is

47、the deep stage of listening comprehension. Getting feedback information from students quickly, comprehending the difficulties to students and removing these obstacles timely, those are what a teacher should to do. In addition, teachers should treat students mistakes properly. If teachers only pick o

48、ut their mistakes, they would feel hurt and nervous even frightened. On the contrary， if teachers value their sense of self-respect and try to help them, they would make progress.Third， raise students confidence and bring every active factor into play. Try to help them get an experience of success, no matter they are top or lower students. For example, when ask