商业性债转股流程中法律问题研究.doc
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1、硕 士 学 位 论 文商业性债转股流程中法律问题研究Research on the Legal Problems in the Process ofDebt-to-Equity Swap作 者 姓 名:指 导 教 师:周亚东赵磊西南政法大学Southwest University of Political Science and Law内容摘要本文第一部分从债转股的概念出发,对我国两类债转股进行了具体阐述和比较,进而引出本文讨论的重点商业性债转股,并对其特征进行分析。由于我国法律法规中,与政策性债转股相关的内容较多,与商业性债转股相关的内容较少,而两者的是实质都是债权转换为股权,具有同质性,所
2、以笔者在研究商业性债转股之时结合了政策性债转股的理论和实践进行探讨。政策性债转股和商业性债转股面临的是同一法律冲突是债权出资的合法性,这一问题因为公司法的修订而得到解决。实践中,政策性债转股在政府的支持下顺利进行,而商业性债转股却因为工商登记遇阻处于萌芽状态,随着公司债权转股权登记管理办法的出台,工商登记问题因为有了统一的操作规范而得到解决。本文的第二部分至第四部分重点讨论了商业性债转股流程中的法律问题,包括债转股的发起,转股股东持股和股权退出三个阶段中的法律问题。第二部分主要问题是商业性债转股发起过程中的各方利益博弈,商业性债转股的发起关系到政府、股东以及相关债权人的利益,本部分分别就各个主
3、体的利益博弈进行了分析。第三部分主要是转股股东持股阶段产生的利益博弈,由于转股股东和原债务企业股东的立场不同,股东之间会产生利益冲突,进而影响企业的长远发展。第四部分主要是转股股东的股权退出问题,顺畅的股权退出途径能为转股股东解决后顾之忧,进而鼓励债转股这种投资方式的开展,本文在此讨论了几种常见的退出途径。本文的第五部分根据前文反映的问题对商业性债转股提出了完善建议,主要从政府干预、公司治理、股权退出方面进行了探讨。政府干预方面,由于商业性债转股是平主体之间的商事行为,政府应当依法行政,减少对商业性债转股的行政干预。公司治理方面,笔者从股东、董事以及监事制度完善方面进行了探讨。股权退出方面,笔
4、者根据我国企业的特点,主要从资本市场的股权退出途径进行了研究。商业性债转股能不能在实践中得到广泛运用,不仅与这一制度本身所带来的机遇与风险相关,还与社会环境、市场环境和法制环境等诸多问题相关,本文第六部分对商业性债转股的发展进行了展望,希望商业性债转股能因为公司债权转股权登记管理办法的出台而有新的起点,为我国企业投资方式开辟新的道路。关键词:商业性债转股; 法律冲突; 利益博弈; 完善建议AbstractThe first section of the paper starts with the concept of debt-to-equity swap, thenit expatiates
5、 on the two kinds of debt-for-equity swap in our country,which leads tothe focus of this paper commercial debt-to-equity swap, and then itscharacteristics is analyzed .There have already been so many laws and regulationsregarding to policy debt-to-equity swap, butso little about the commercial one,
6、sowhen I talk about the commercial one, I will combine the commercial debt-to-equityswap with the theory and practice of the policy one, for they are both debt-to-equityswap and possess the same quality . The same legal conflict which the two kinds ofdebt-for-equity swap face is the legitimacy of de
7、bt financing. Whereas,it is resolvedbecause of the revision of Company law. In practice, policy debt-to-equity swapimplements smoothly under the support of government , while the commercial onestuck because of the industrial and commercial registration,being in its infancy all thetime. Along with th
8、e action of measures for the administration of registration ofcompany debt-to-equity, the problem of the industrial and commercial registrationhas already been settled because of the unified operation rules。The second to fourth sections of this paper focus on the legal issues in theprocess of debt-t
9、o-equity swap, including the legal issues in the three stages ofdebt-to-equity swap, that is, the launching of debt-to-equity swap, share holding andequity withdrawing. The second part is mainly about the launch of commercialdebt-to-equity swap. The launching of commercial debt-to-equity swap concer
10、ns theinterest of the government, the shareholders and relevant creditors. In this section ,theinterest of each subject is analyzed . The third section focuses on interest game ofshare holding. There will be interest conflict because of different position among theshareholders, and thus it may influ
11、ence the long-term development of the corporations.The fourth section is about the equity withdrawing. Smooth ways of equitywithdrawing can solve the trouble back at home for shareholders ,which encourageinvestments of debt-to-equity swap. This section discusses some common ways ofequity withdrawing
12、 .The fifth section offers the improvement suggestions for debt-to-equity swap ,which are based on the problems that mentioned above .This section discussesimprovement suggestions mainly from three aspects including governmentintervention, corporate governance and equity exit.As for government, comm
13、ercialdebt-to-equity swap is equal commercial behaviors, there should be lessadministrative intervention. As for corporate governance, the system of shareholders,directors and supervisor should be improved. As for equity withdrawing , this sectionmainly discusses the directions of capital market acc
14、ording to the characteristics ofenterprises in our country.Whether commercial debt-to-equity swap will operate extensively in practice ornot, it is associated with not only the opportunity and risk the system itself bring sabout, but also the social environment,market environment ,legal environment
15、andother problems. Finally the sixth section prospects on the development of commercia ldebt-to-equity swap, expecting it will have a new start because of the action ofmeasures for the administration of registration of company debt-to-equity, and wil lopen up a new path on corporative investment app
16、roaches in our country.Key words: commercial debt-to-equity swap ;legal conflict ; interestgame; improvement suggestions引言.3一、商业性债转股概述.5(一)债转股的概念及分类.5(二)商业性债转股与政策性债转股的比较.6(三)商业性债转股的法律特征.7(四)商业性债转股的意义.7二、商业性债转股存在的法律冲突及其解决.7(一)债权出资的合法性.7(二)工商登记的困境及其解决.8三、商业性债转股发起过程中的利益博弈.10(一)地方政府干预下的商业性债转股.10(二)中小股东利
17、益的保护.12(三)第三方债权人利益的保护.13四、转股股东持股期间股东间的利益博弈.16(一)转股股东参与新公司治理概述.16(二)新公司长期利益和转股股东短期利益的冲突.17(三)转股股东面临的风险.19五、转股股东股权的退出.20(一)股权退出的原因.20(二)股权回购退出.21(三)股权转让退出.24六、商业性债转股问题的完善建议.25(一)政府依法行政,减少行政干预.25(二)完善公司治理,平衡各方利益.25(三)发展资本市场,完善股权退出机制.26结语.27参考文献.28致谢.28引言负债经营对大多数企业来说是常见现象,它能发挥财务杠杆的作用以增加企业收益,实现股东利益最大化的目标
18、,但是负债经营也时刻面临着偿债压力。受国际金融危机影响,部分国内企业特别是中小企业出现偿债危机,如何化解这一难题考验着企业家的智慧和政府的执政能力。早在 1999 年,国家就对特定范围的国有企业债务过重问题出台政策性债转股这一解救措施,通过将债权转为股权化解国有企业的难题。到 2001 年,国家经贸委停止推荐债转股企业,标志着我国政策性债转股工作阶段性结束。目前,我国除了一些军工企业仍在陆续进行债1内的其他企业,我国也进行了立法和实践,这就是商业性债转股,但是其效果并不理想。就我国国情看来,中小企业占多数,商业性转股在解决这些企业资金困难和实现投资渠道多元化方面能发挥重要作用,虽然我国对政策性
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