高三英语一轮复习名词性从句ppt课件.ppt

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1、名词性从句,1.基础知识目标:(1).通过观察句子了解名词性从句的基本概念及分类(2).通过分析理解句子了解主语从句的构成及相关连接词 的用法 2.基本技能目标：(1).通过典型例句探究主语从句的用法并能应用(2).解决阅读中的长难句,提高阅读理解能力(3).把主语从句应用到书面表达中,写出亮点句子 3.情感目标:通过完成句子激励学生学习热情 4.过程与方法:自学-探究-学会-能力,从句的特点,1.从句也要符合句子的基本结构,2.从句只是做为句子某一成分出现的,3.从句的关联词很关键,通常来讲,它们是从句开始的标志,从句,名词性从句,形容词性从句,副词性从句,:定语从句,:状语从句,主语从句,

2、宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。,主语,His job is important.,What he does is important.,表语,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,宾语,I dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,同位语,I dont know about the man,Mr.White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a te

3、acher.,谓语动词/介词,主语(从句),表语(从句),宾语(从句),名 词,同位语(从句),When we shall hold the meeting depends on whether John can return tomorrow.,系动词,The problem is when John will come back.,We expressed our hope that we could visit the country again.,Practice time：指出下列各名词性从句的种类。,1.At lunchtime,the radio weatherman repor

4、ted that it would be a fine day.2.She wondered if the buses would still be running.3.The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.4.She found that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.5.When we will start is not clear.6.We expressed the hope that they would come t

5、o visit China again.,宾语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,主语从句,同位语从句,掌握名词性从句的关键,关联词or引导词的分类,1,2,3,that,whether/if,as if/though,who,whom,whose,which,what,whatever,whoever,whichever,when,where,how,why,从属连词,连接代词,连接副词,在句中不担当成分,that无词义，有时可省略,if,whether有是否词义.as if 有好像的词义,有词义，在从句中担当成分，如主语、表语、宾语或定语.,有词义，在从句中担当状语.,总原则：看从句中缺少

6、什么成分，根据意思选择适当连接词语；如不缺成分且句意完整本身连词不具备意义，则选用that.如不缺成分且句意完整本身连词具备是否意义则用whether,一找二查三选,：从句,：缺少什么成分,：意思适合的关联词,Have a try:Choose a proper one,1._ has been announced is that we must hand in our graduation papers before the end of June.,What,2._ he always serves the people is well-known.3._ the English even

7、ing will be held,on Monday or Tuesday,has not yet been decided.4.I want to know _ he has told you.5.Everything depends on _ we have enough money.6.That is _ he didnt come to the meeting.7.The news _ we won the game was exciting.,That,When,what,whether,why,that,1 That he will succeed is certain.2 Whe

8、ther he will go there is not known.3 What he said is not true.4 Where he hid the money is to be found out.5 Whoever comes is welcome.6 How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.7 When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.,Subject Clause,主语从句,“It”is used as empty subject

9、,形式主语,为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.,1.It is certain that he will succeed.2.It is not known whether he will go there.3.It has not been decided yet when theyll start the project.,这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1)It is+n.+从句 It is a pity/shame that.遗憾的是 It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 是事实 It

10、is common knowledge that 是常识*_(很遗憾)we lost the match.*_(这是事实)he cheated in the exam.,It is a pity that,It is a fact that,2)It is+adj.+从句 Its certain that 肯定 It is possible that.很可能 It is unlikely that.不可能 It is obvious that 很明显 It is necessary important natural.that*_(很可能)she will come back tomorrow

11、.*_(很明显)this measure is effective.,+(should)+do,It is possible that,It is obvious that,3)It+不及物动词+从句 It happened that.碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起*_(刚好)I came into the office at that time.*_(我突然想起)I forget to sent the letter.,It happened that,It occurred to me that,4)It+be+过去分词+从句 It is said that.

12、据说 It is known to all that.众所周知 It is reported that.据报道 It is believed that.据信;人们相信 It is suggested that+(should）do.建议It must be admitted that必须承认 It cannot be denied that 不可否认 It must be pointed out that需指出的是*_(据报道)20 people were killed in the accident.*_(建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more

13、 exercise.,It is reported that,It is suggested that,*_(他是否要来)is not yet known.*_(他想告诉我们什么)is not clear.*_(谁会赢得这场比赛)is still unknown.*_(你错过了这次机会)is a pity.=It is _.,Exercise 1:,Whether he will come or not,What he wants to tell us,Who will win the match,That you missed the chance,a pity that you misse

14、d the chance,1.I decided（that）I would go to the party.2.I dont know if/whether he will come back tomorrow.3.I want to know how it happened.4.He was listening to what the teacher said.,宾语从句就是从句在主句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。,2.宾语从句,We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.,2.H

15、e has made it clear that he will not give in.,注意：it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语,真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾.,*_(我们觉得很奇怪)she didnt go to school today.,We think it strange that,it 作形式宾语,make/find/feel/consider/think it+adj/n+that/to do,1.Ive got to make clear that he told a lie.2.他发现很难使别

16、人理解他.He found _.,it,it difficult to make himself understood,it,若主句是一般现在时态或一般将来时，则从句的时态不限。I think Jim is speaking too quickly.,宾语从句(要点）,1.从句中的时态问题：,若主句是一般过去时，从句必须用过去时态的某一种。I knew she had swept the floor already.,若从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时，则不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时态。They knew the sun is much bigger than the e

17、arth.,2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.,一坚持 insist二命令 or

18、der,command三建议 advise,suggest,propose四要求 demand,desire,request,require,3.宾语从句中的虚拟语气在表示要求、命令、建议等动词后的宾从中，其谓语部分用(should)do.,(1)The captain ordered all the people(should)leave quickly one by one.(2)The doctor advised the patient(should)be sent to a better hospital immediately.,4.在think，believe，suppose，i

19、magine,feel等引导的宾语从句中，谓语动词否定前移。,I dont think he is right.I dont suppose you need to worry about it.I dont feel I can stand any longer.,1._(我听说)he joined the army.2._(我怀疑)he will succeed.3.Pay attention to _(医生说些什么).4.Do you know_(他什么时候会来)?5.Did she say_(我们应该怎么做这个工作)?,Exercise 2:,I heard(that),I doubt

20、 whether/if,what the doctor said,when he will come,how we should do the work,常见的系动词分为三种：,A表示特征和状态：be,look,sound,taste,smell,seem,appear等,B表示由一类状态转为另一类状态：get,become,grow,turn,fall,go,come,run等,C表示某种状态的：remain,keep,prove,rest,continue,stay等,3.表语从句,表语从句就是从句在主句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后,1.The trouble is that I

21、have lost his address.2.The question is whether they will be able to help us.3.That is what he has done.4.The problem remains how we will get some financial support.5.Thats why I was late.,表语从句：,1.The reason why he was late was _he missed the train by one minute this morning.2.The question is _ _(我们

22、是否能做好准备）in such a short time.3.What I want to know is _ _(我该买哪部词典）.4.The point is _（你什么时候可以完成）,Exercise 3:,whether we can make good,when you can finish it.,that,which dictionary I,preparation,should buy,同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.,同位语从句常用 that 引导

23、或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether,1)The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.2)Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect(视察)them.,3)Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.,同位语从句,1.The news t

24、hat our team has won the game was true.*(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息，that虽不作成分,但不能省略)2.The news that he told me yesterday was true.*(定语从句,起修饰作用，说明到底是哪一个消息，that在从句中作told的宾语,可以省略),注意：同位语从句与定语从句区别,判断:定语从句or同位语从句,1.The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.2.

25、The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.3.The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.4.The news that we got last week is true.5.The question that we discussed yesterday is a difficult one.,(定语从句),(同位语从句),(同位语从句),(定语从句),(定语从句),同位语从句,同位语

26、从句不同于定语从句，前者是对名词加以补充说明，后者是对名词加以限制.The news that they had won the game soon spread over the school.The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing.,当whether后紧跟or/or not时,不用if.I dont know whether I will stay or not 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.,注意,1.Whether和if都可以引导宾语

27、从句,同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.,同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether,1)The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.2)Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect(视察)them.,3)Sydney kept his promise t

28、hat he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.,同位语从句,一、名词性从句的语序,（1）名词性从句构成有两种,a.That+陈述句,That light travels in straight lines is known to all.,This is what we are looking for.,名词性从句考点归纳,b.疑问词+句子的剩余成分,(2)疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句 语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。,How was he successful is sti

29、ll a puzzle.()How he was successful is still a puzzle.(),你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？,F,T,T,F,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。,Could you tell me where he lives?()Could you tell me where does he live?(),二、名词性从句连接词的选用,（1）that 和what 的选用,that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。,that

30、/what,1._ he wants is a book.2._ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7.I have no doubt _ he will come.8.I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.,What,That,that,what,wh

31、at,what,that,what,a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do.g whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.,if 和whether 的选用,不能使用if 的情况：,1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he i

32、s well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.6.The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8.I dont know _ to go.,if/whether,Whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,whether,if/whether,其它连接代词和副词的连用,主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的选择wh

33、o、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。,我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.,When,who,what,where,that 可省略的情况：

34、,that不可省略的情况：主语从句表语从句同位语从句用it做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that 不能省略,引导词that 的省略,单个宾语从句中的that可省略,1.I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless.4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read Eng

35、lish aloud.6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.,(that),that,that,that,that,(that),that,that/(that),1.同位语从句的格式：2.能接同位语从句的名词有：3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用,三、同位语从句的引导和辨别,n.+连接词+从句,order,belief,suggestion,advice,information等,whether,what,when,where 等来引导同位语从句。,fact、idea,news,1

36、.I have no idea _ he comes from.2.He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3.He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4.I have no doubt _ he will win.5.I have some doubt _ he will win.,where,how,that,that,whether,that/whether/where/how,1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行

37、词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。,2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.,同位语从句和定语从句的区别,1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2.We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.,1.The information has been announced t

38、hat more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.2.The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.,AT,AP,AP,AT,Attributive or Appositive,He gave me a suggestion that I(should)be calm now.,名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为 should+do,should

39、可省略,a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.He believes _.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.Please tell me _.,his dream will come true some day,what you were doing at this time yesterday,宾语从句的时态呼应,1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语 可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.,他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。He told me _.他说他已离开家乡十年了。He told me _.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。The teacher told us _.,he was prepa

40、ring for the examination,he had been away from his hometown for ten years,light travels in a straight line.,2.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的 某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规 律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。,1.The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he often lied2.The reason _ he gave for his absent was _ he was ill.,reason 后面的表语从句只

41、能用that 引导,不能用why 引导,但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。,在名词性从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：,why,that,that,that,怎么考？,1、单项选择2、改错3、书面表达,1.考查名词性从句的语序问题,2.考查引导词that与what的区别,3.考查whether与if的区别,4.考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性 从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别,6.考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题,5.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法,考什么？,感叹句做名词性从句时语序不变.,名词性从句的语序,As so

42、on as he comes back,Ill tell him when _ and see him.(05 北京)you will come B.will you come C.you come D.do you come,名词性从句要用陈述语气.,I dont know whats the matter.Do you know whats wrong with him?,You cant imagine how excited I was then.,what VS that,_(父母的言行)has a life-long effect on their children.(07 陕西

43、8)_ they are twin sisters is true.I think _ you will like the stamps.I believe _ you said just now.,That,what 在从句中要充当某个成分（主语、宾语或表语）；that在从句中不充当任何成分,因此当从句不缺少成分且句意完整时选用that。在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中，that不能省略。,(that),what,What parents say and do,高考链接：1._we cant get seems better than_ we have.(96全国)A.What;whatB

44、.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what2._ made the school proud was_ more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities.(03上海春招)A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;what,whether VS if,We havent settled the question of_ it is necessary for him to study abroad.(06江苏)A.ifB.whereC.whethe

45、rD.that,Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth.(05 天津),if/whether,1.二者都可以引导及物动词后的宾语从句，但介词后的宾语从句用whether,不用if.If 不能引导其他三种名词性从句。,The question has been raised at the meeting _each member country should share the expenses of the committee.A.which B.if C.w

46、hatD.whether,2.在whether or not结构中，不可用if代替whether,Right or wrong?I dont know if or not hell come.I dont know if hell come or not.,whether,3.whether 后可以接不定式，if 不可以。,He is not sure whether to stay or not.,4.当用if引导宾语从句会产生歧义时，宜用whether.Please tell me if you need the book.,?,疑问词+ever VS no matter+疑问词,1.It

47、 is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever,2._leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.No matter who,it 在名词性从句中的使用,在主语从句和宾语从句中有时为了平衡句子结构，可以借助形式主语it，把主语从句和宾语从句放在后面.,It is not decided yet where

48、 the graduates will be sent to work.I made it clear that I would have no time to do that tomorrow.,1.He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.(07 天津)A.this B.that C.itD.these,高考链接,2._ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.(

49、05 上海)A.What is required B.What requires C.It is required D.It requires,名词性从句中的虚拟语气,How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden!(2002 上海春招)A.has B.had C.will have D.had have,2.I left early last night,but I wish I didnt leave so early.,hadnt left,wish,从句指将来或现在的情况，使用一般过 去时态。,从句指过去的

50、情况，使用过去完成时态,1.-Do you mind my smoking here?-I would rather you didnt.I would rather you told me the truth now.2.I would rather you hadnt told him the news yesterday.,Would rather,在it is important(necessary,strange,natural)that 从句中,that 从句的谓语要用(should)+动词原形.,-Dont you think it necessary that he _ Mia