红酒讲义.ppt

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1、,www.asc-,ASC Wine Training Program Level 1ASC 葡萄酒培训-1,ASC FINE WINESChinas leading provider of quality imported wines 精心为您挑选优质进口葡萄酒,ASCASC精品葡萄酒简介作为中国最大的葡萄酒进口商与经销商，ASC精品葡萄酒于1996年由圣皮尔家族创建。宗旨:ASC精品葡萄酒两大主要宗旨为：向消费者提供最具价格优势的优质葡萄酒，提供最好的相关服务。葡萄酒:ASC精品葡萄酒现在是55家世界知名葡萄酒公司独家进口代理及经销商，产品分别来自12个国家，共计 650个品种，所汇集的精

2、品葡萄酒无论从产地、酒庄、种类、知名度还是品质方面都在国内绝无仅有。全面周道的服务:ASC北京、上海、广州及深圳的员工共170人，可谓中国最具葡萄酒相关专业知识的优秀人才。他们相当一部分工作是进行葡萄酒知识培训。ASC一直为确保百分之百满足客户订货需求而不懈努力。葡萄酒促销及知识培训:ASC面向全国客户提供全面的产品推广与知识培训支持，包括对酒店及餐厅员工的培训，并进行相关的葡萄酒推广活动，如举办品酒会及葡萄酒晚宴。,I Wine HistoryII Alcoholic BeveragesIII Definition of WineIV Components of wineV Types of

3、 wine,I 葡萄酒历史II 含酒精饮料III 什么是葡萄酒IV 葡萄酒的组成 V 葡萄酒种类,Table of Contents目录,Table of Contents目录,VI 主要葡萄酒产国 VII 主要葡萄品种 VIII 酒标 IX 葡萄酒单 X 葡萄酒服务 XI 葡萄酒品尝,VI Main Wine CountriesVII Main Grape VarietiesVIII Wine Labels IX Wine list X Wine serviceXI Wine tasting,I Wine HistoryI 葡萄酒历史,中东里海美索布达米亚,葡萄酒历史,公元5000前,古埃及

4、,公元2500年前,古希腊,公元1600年前,古罗马帝国,公元1000年前,法国高卢西班牙德国奥地利,公元400年前至公元100年,公元1400-1600年,南非墨西哥阿根廷,1769,加利福尼亚（美国）,澳大利亚新西兰,1788-1819,II Alcoholic BeveragesII 含酒精饮料,Fruit-based alcoholic beverages Eg:Wine水果酿制的含酒精饮料 例如:葡萄酒Grain or vegetable based alcoholic beverages Eg:Beer,Chinese rice wine,Sake谷类和蔬菜酿制的酒精性饮料 例如：

5、啤酒，中国黄酒，日本清酒,Fermented Alcoholic Beverage发酵型酒精饮料,During the fermentation process,yeast converts sugar into alcohol and Co2在发酵期间，酵母把糖份转化为酒精和二氧化碳,Distilled Alcoholic Beverage蒸馏型酒精饮料,History:Mesopotamia 3500BC-First Distillation used for perfume making 历史:美索布达米亚，公元前 3500年 第一次蒸馏用于香水的制造Distillation:Separ

6、ation of liquids by evaporation 蒸馏:利用蒸发原理将液体分开Spirits:Distilled drinks produced by concentrating the alcohol present in a fermented liquid.烈酒:利用蒸馏原理浓缩酒精度Liquors:Sweetened or flavored spirits 利口酒:加香和增甜的烈酒,A few distilled alcoholic beverages:Whisky Vodka Rum Tequila Brandy一些经过蒸馏得到的酒精性饮料:威士忌 伏特加 朗姆酒 龙舌

7、兰酒 白兰地Tips：Cognac is a brandy produced exclusively in the Cognac region in France小知识：干邑是法国干邑地区特产的白兰地,Distilled Alcoholic Beverage蒸馏型酒精饮料,Summary 摘要,Alcoholic Beverages含酒精饮料 1)Fermented Alcoholic Beverages发酵型酒精饮料 2)Distilled Alcoholic Beverages 蒸馏型酒精饮料 Wine belongs to fermented alcoholic beverages葡萄酒

8、属于发酵型酒精饮料,Ripe&Healthy Grapes 成熟健康的 葡萄Crush the berries,release the juice and add yeast to the must.压榨浆果,使果汁流出并把酵母加入混合物Fermentation converts sugar into alcohol发酵把糖份转化为酒精WINE IS FERMENTED GRAPE JUICE 葡萄酒是经过发酵的葡萄汁,III Definition of Wine 葡萄酒的定义,IV 葡萄酒成分,含香物质(0.1%)色素和丹宁(红葡萄酒)(0.3%)酸(1%)糖份(0.1%干-8%sweet甜

9、)酒精(餐酒10%,加强葡萄酒20%)水份(80%-90%),注:以上为重量的大约百分比,V Types of wineV 葡萄酒种类,葡萄酒种类（按生产工艺分）,香槟酒,加瓦,钵酒,雪利酒,红葡萄酒,白葡萄酒,玫瑰酒,汽泡酒,普通葡萄酒,加强葡萄酒,其他汽泡酒,葡萄酒种类（按用餐时上酒顺序）,餐前酒(干雪利酒,香槟酒,干白葡萄酒)餐酒(红,白,玫瑰葡萄酒)甜酒(贵腐酒,冰酒,钵酒,晚丰收葡萄酒)餐后消化酒(利口酒,果渣酒),糖份,酒精,低,高,低,高,用餐开始,用餐结束,Old World旧世界France法国 2*Italy意大利 1*Spain西班牙3*,New World新世界USA美

10、国 4*Australia澳大利亚6*Chile智利Argentina 阿根廷5*New Zealand新西兰South Africa南非,*Top six producers in volume产量前六名国家,VI Main Wine Countries 主要葡萄酒产酒国,(Southern hemisphere+USA)南半球美国,(European Countries)欧洲国家,Old World VS New World旧世界VS新世界,Integrate more the soil and climate factors.“Terroir”更能在酒中结合土壤气候特征Long trad

11、ition and history悠久历史和传统,Good visibility to the consumers客人容易理解Main factor is the grape variety 主要根据葡萄品种Consistent weather 相应气候,Difficult visibility to the consumers客人不易理解 Lots of regulations很多规则,Too much standardization标准太多Not been produced for long ageing 储存时间较短,Old world 旧世界,(European Countries 欧

12、洲国家),(Southern hemisphere+USA 南半球 美国),Pros优点,New World 新世界,Cons缺点,VII Grape Varieties葡萄品种,Summary摘要,8,000 grape varieties known in the world世界上目前已知的葡萄品种有8000种1,000 grape varieties used for wine around the world世界上大约有1000种葡萄被制成葡萄酒200 traditionally used in Italy 意大利大约使用200种葡萄100 traditionally used in

13、France 法国大约使用100种葡萄50 traditionally used in Spain 西班牙大约使用50种葡萄Grape variety,a major factor in the taste of a wine不同的葡萄品种，是影响葡萄酒品尝的主要因素,Main White Grape Varieties主要白葡萄品种,White Grapes白葡萄品种Chardonnay/莎当妮 Sauvignon Blanc/白苏维翁 Riesling/薏丝琳 Gewuztraminer/格乌兹莱妮 Pinot Grigio/灰皮诺Viognier/威格尼,White Grape Vari

14、eties 白葡萄品种,Native to Burgundy 源于法国的勃根第地区 Now worlds most fashionable&famous white variety 当今最流行，有名的白葡萄品种Creamy and full-bodied 口感柔和饱满White fruits and nutty flavor白色水果及干果味,Chardonnay莎当妮,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Bordeaux,central Loire 波尔多，卢瓦尔河中部Crisp acidity 清新爽口偏酸Fresh and aromatic 清新果香芬芳Citrus a

15、nd Grassy 柑桔及青草味,Sauvignon Blanc白苏维翁,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Grown in Alsace,Germany,South Australia,Washington State,etc 种植于阿尔萨斯，德国，罗纳谷地区,南澳大利亚,华盛顿Versatile(dry,tart wine to Sweet late-harvest wine)变化多样（可在口感较干到晚收型甜酒间变化）Floral and mineral flavor花香及矿物味Naturally high acidity天然酸度高A tremendous capac

16、ity to age可陈年,Riesling 薏丝琳,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Alsace,Germany,Austria 阿尔萨斯，德国，奥地利Complex,generous 层次分明，特征丰富鲜明Lychee,rose,spices,clove notes 荔枝，玫瑰、丁香的辛辣味Tropical Fruit&Cinnamon 热带水果味&肉桂味,Gewurztraminer 格乌兹莱妮,Popular in Northern Italy 盛产于意大利北部Fruili and Veneto 福茹利、维纳图Fresh and Aromatic 新鲜，芬芳Li

17、ght color 颜色偏淡,Pinot Grigio 灰皮诺,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Northern Rhne,Australia,California 北罗纳谷,奥大利亚,美国加州Prestigious Condrieu AOC 有声望 的孔德里欧法定产地Peach flavor 桃子香Very low acidity 酸度极低,Viognier威格尼,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Main Grape Varieties 主要葡萄品种,Red varieties 红葡萄品种Cabernet Sauvignon/加本力苏维翁 Me

18、rlot/梅洛 Pinot Noir/黑皮诺 Gamay/甘美 Shiraz(Syrah)/设拉子 Sangiovese/桑吉奥维斯 Nebbiolo/尼比奥罗 Zinfandel/仙芬黛 Tempranillo/泰普妮洛,A classic Bordeaux grape 传统波尔多葡萄品种 Full-bodied,tannic 酒体饱满，丹宁较丰富 Very complex,long evolution 口味丰富，陈年长 Blackcurrant,violet 黑加仑，紫罗兰,Cabernet Sauvignon加本力苏维翁,Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种,A tradit

19、ional Bordeaux grape 传统波尔多葡萄品种 Supple and round 口感柔顺，饱满 Black and red cherry 黑色及红色樱桃 Chocolate 巧克力,Merlot梅洛,Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种,King of Burgundy 勃根蒂之王 Cherry,raspberry 樱桃、覆盆子 Spice notes 稍带辛辣 Earthy complexities 泥土气息 A silky texture,little tannins 丝般柔滑，丹宁较淡,Pinot Noir黑皮诺,Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品

20、种,Grape used to make Beaujolais 用来做宝祖利酒的葡萄Light purple in color 酒体呈浅紫色Fruity and light in tannins 果香浓郁,口感柔和To be drunk young 趁年轻时喝,Gamay 甘美,Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种,Mostly grown in Rhne Region,France,Australia 主要种植于法国罗纳谷地区,澳大利亚 Rich black and red berry fruit,plum 丰富的黑色、红色浆果及李子味 Game and spice comple

21、xity 丰富的野味及辛辣味 Rich and full-bodied 口感丰富，酒体饱满,Shiraz or Syrah 设拉子,Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种,Italys most common grape 意大利种植最广泛的红葡萄品种 Chianti 基昂蒂用此葡萄酿制 Brunello di Montalcino 蒙塔尔奇诺布鲁诺 Lightly fragrant wines 酒香清淡 A distinct bitter cherry taste 独特的苦莓味 Tight tannins 强烈的丹宁味,Sangiovese桑吉奥维斯,Red Grape Variet

22、ies红葡萄品种,Piemontese grape(Italy)意大利皮特蒙地区的著名葡萄品种 Grape for Barolo&Barbaresco 酿制巴罗洛和芭芭罗斯克葡萄酒 Tannic,acidic and austere.丹宁丰富、酸度适中、深沉Complex,full-bodied 酒体饱满，口味丰富Better after more than 4 years aging 最好陈年4年以上,Nebbiolo尼比奥罗,Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种,Mostly grown in California 主要种植于美国加州地区 Deeply concentrated

23、 berry fruit 浓缩的浆果味 Jammy 果酱味 Intriguing spice notes 独特香辣 A big finish 回味极佳,Zinfandel仙芬黛,Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种,Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种,The fine Spanish variety 很好的西班牙葡萄品种Rioja,Valdepenas 里奥哈、瓦蒂盆娜地区，Elegant and aromatic 优雅，芬芳,Tempranillo泰普妮洛,VIII Wine Labels酒标,How to Read Wine Label怎样解读酒标?,Winery

24、 酒庄名Vintage年份Alcohol Level酒精含量Net Volume 净含量(Name of Wine)酒名,New World 新世界Grape Variety葡萄品种Old World 旧世界Appellation产地Classification等级,Usual contents of a label 酒标里包含的内容,Sample from the New World来自新世界的样标,S,Sample from the Old World 来自旧世界的样标,What is the grape variety?葡萄品种是什么？,Corkiness:If you smell mu

25、stiness or damp cardboard,then the wine is corked被橡木塞污染：如果有霉味或潮板纸的气味，说明酒已被污染Oxidation:Sometimes the wine can be oxidized,meaning it has been exposed to air过分氧化：葡萄酒和空气过分接触会被氧化,Precipitations&Sediments沉淀物,Sometimes,one can find Deposit of Crystals in white wines在白葡萄酒中，有时会碰到一些结晶状沉淀。-Tartaric Precipitat

26、ions 酒石酸沉淀,Sediment can accumulate at the bottom of aged red&port wines.有年份的红葡萄酒及 钵酒中会集结一些沉淀。-Natural wine solids 葡萄酒中的天然固体物质-Need to be decanted 需要进行醒酒,Theses in no way affect the wine quality这些都不会影响葡萄酒的质量,Table of contents目录,I)Wine making processII)Main wine regionsFrance(Bordeaux,Burgundy,Champag

27、ne)ClassificationItaly(Piedmont,Tuscany,Veneto)Classification Spain(Rioja,Catalonia)classification,I)葡萄酒酿造II)主要葡萄酒产区 法国（波尔多，勃根蒂，香槟地区）分级 意大利（皮尔蒙特，托卡纳，维纳图地区）分级 西班牙（里奥哈，卡特卢那地区）分级,Table of contents 目录,美国，加利福尼亚，分级澳大利亚（南澳洲，西澳洲，新南部，维多利亚）新西兰智利阿根廷南非III)葡萄酒杯IV）葡萄酒保存,USA,California,ClassificationAustralia(Sout

28、h Australia,Western Australia,New South Wales,Victoria)New ZealandChileArgentinaSouth AfricaIII)Wine Glasses IV)Wine Conservation,II Wine making process 葡萄酒酿造程序,Red wine红葡萄酒White wine白葡萄酒Ros wine玫瑰葡萄酒Sparkling wine汽泡酒Fortified wine加强葡萄酒,Red Wine Making Process红葡萄酒酿制过程,Red grapes are first crushed an

29、d de-stemmed,then placed into a container.红葡萄 先去梗压榨，然后放入容器The alcoholic fermentation will start,at the same time maceration is taking place 接下来，酒精发酵就开始了，浸渍也在同步进行During that time the tannins,flavors and coloring substances will dissolve into what is going to become wine(the must).在此期间，丹宁、香味及颜色等物质逐渐溶解

30、入即将产生的葡萄酒中。,White Wine Making Process 白葡萄酒酿制过程,Ros Wine Making Process 玫瑰葡萄酒酿制过程,If you allow only a few hours of maceration,the wine will pick up some coloration from theskins,and the wine is only slighted tainted.如果仅有短时间的浸渍，葡萄酒的颜色就不会很深 Only Champagne can use the direct blending of white and red wi

31、nes to produce Ros wines.只有香槟可以直接使用白葡萄酒和红葡萄酒 的混合来调制玫瑰葡萄酒。,Bottling 装瓶,White Wine白葡萄酒,Red Wine红葡萄酒,Ros Wine玫瑰酒,During a second fermentation,yeast converts sugar into alcohol and gas(Co2)在第二次发酵过程中，酵母把糖份转化为酒精和气体（二氧化碳）3 methods/种方法,Highest quality高质量,1-Secondary fermentation in bottle 瓶中二次发酵2-Secondary

32、fermentation in a tank 桶中二次发酵3-Carbonation 二氧化碳法,Sparkling Wine Making Process气泡葡萄酒的酿制过程,Lowest quality低质量,Second Fermentation in Bottle瓶中二次发酵,The Traditional Method,used for the production of champagne and fine sparkling wines:传统的酿造方法，用于制作香槟和比较好的汽泡酒。A mixture of wine,sugar and yeast is added to the

33、 still wine and will set off a further fermentation in the bottle to create the sparkle.把葡萄酒、糖和酵母的混合物加入一般葡萄酒中，会在瓶中引起第二次发酵产生汽泡。,Tank Method&Carbonation桶中二次发酵&二氧化碳法,Tank Method:（or Charmat method）Dry base wine is placed together with sugar and yeast in a sealed tank,then the second fermentation takes

34、place.桶中发酵：将静止干葡萄酒作为基酒，加入糖和酵母，放入密封的酒桶中进行二次发酵。Chief Advantage:a much lower cost,but quality cannot match the traditional method 主要优点：成本大幅度降低，但是难以达到传统方法酿制的质量。Carbonation:artificially added bubbles.Very inexpensive but low quality 二氧化碳法：人工加入汽泡，非常便宜，但是质量较低。,Fortified Wines 加强葡萄酒,Wines in which grape bas

35、ed spirit is added either after the fermentation or during the fermentation.在发酵后或发酵过程中，加入由白兰地This operation is called the fortification of the wine Examples:1）Port（Fortified during fermentation）2）Sherry（Fortified after fermentation）这个过程叫做葡萄酒的加强。例如：1）钵酒（发酵过程中加强）2）雪利酒（发酵后加强）,II Main Wine Regions 主要葡萄酒

36、产区,French Wines法国葡萄酒,Mother country for fine wines 优质葡萄酒的故乡One of the highest levels of consumptions:55 liters人均葡萄酒消费高，55升/人AOC terroir AOC产区的自然条件Complete vineyards 酒庄众多The barrel is a French invention 葡萄酒桶由高卢人发明,French Wine Regions法国葡萄酒产区,French vineyard:法国葡萄园900 000 hectares/公顷 Main wine regions:主

37、要葡萄酒产区Bordeaux：波尔多Burgundy：勃根蒂Champagne：香槟,Bordeaux Wine Regions 波尔多产区,Main appellations:主要产区Medoc：美铎高地Graves：格莱乌Sauternes：苏丹Saint-Emilion：圣爱美浓Pomerol庞马洛,Bordeaux Wines波尔多葡萄酒,Left bank:more suitable for Cabernet Sauvignon,Right bank for Merlot左岸：更适合种植加本力苏维翁，右岸更适合梅洛1855 official listing of the best w

38、ines.61 crus classes in 5 categories.官方列出最佳葡萄酒：包括5大类、61种头等苑葡萄酒5 first growths:Chateau Lafite Rothschild,Chateau Latour,Chateau Margaux,Chateau Haut-Brion,Chateau Mouton Rothschild 五大酒庄：莎都拉菲城堡，拉图城堡，玛歌法定产区，布里翁高地古堡、木桐罗希尔古堡Right bank:Top appellations are Saint-Emilion and Pomerol右岸：最高产区是圣爱美浓和庞马洛法定产区,Goo

39、d producers:Ginestet,Robert Giraud 优质生产商：吉娜斯，罗伯特基拉德,Some of the greatest wines in the world ranked according to the micro-climates 世界上一些最好的葡萄酒的等级划分是根据微气候的Small and family owned estates较小的家族酒庄669 AC，30000 hectares/公顷669个法定产区，Precise hierarchy as pyramid:精确的金字塔等级划分-Red wines are made out of Pinot Noir

40、 红葡萄酒由黑皮诺葡萄制成-White wines of Chardonnay 白葡萄酒由莎当妮制成,Grand Cru 头等苑Premier Cru 特级Regional AOC 优质,Good Producer:Louis Jadot 优质生产商：路易亚都世家,Burgundy Wines 勃根蒂葡萄酒,The best sparkling wine in the world世界上最好的汽泡酒产区In the north of France on a chalky rock 法国北部的石灰岩区域3 Grape varieties:Pinot Noir,Pinot Meunier and C

41、hardonnay 3种葡萄品种：黑皮诺，皮诺莫妮亚，莎当妮Invention of the secondary fermentation in the bottle method 创造了瓶中二次发酵法Good Producers:Mumm,Bollinger 优质生产商：木马，首席法兰西香槟,Champagne香槟地区,French wines Classification法国葡萄酒等级,France法国,Total Production总产量比例,AOC:A quest for quality AOC 品质的追求,BORDEAUXCommune,The smaller the appell

42、ation,the better the quality,due to stricter regulations.根据严格的规则，产区越小，质量越高,Bordeaux波尔多,Medoc美铎高地,Pauillac普伊勒,Margaux玛歌,Village 村庄,Region 地区,District 小产区,Italian Wine Regions意大利葡萄酒产区,Italian vineyard:意大利葡萄园900 000 hectares 900 000公顷Main wine regions:主要葡萄酒产区Piedmont 皮尔蒙特Tuscany托斯卡纳Veneto 维纳图,Spanish W

43、ine Regions 西班牙葡萄酒产区,Spanish vineyard:西班牙葡萄园：1200 000 hectares 公顷Main Wine Regions:主要葡萄酒产区：Rioja里奥哈Catalonia卡特卢那,American Wines美国葡萄酒,400 000 hectares 公顷的葡萄园1976 Steven Spurrier holds a blind tasting in Paris Spurrier 在巴黎举办了盲品First wine in the 16th century16世纪，第一瓶葡萄酒问世Zinfandel is a specialty of Cali

44、fornia.仙芬黛是加利福尼亚州的特色葡萄品种,California Wine Regions加州葡萄酒产区,Over 90%of American wine production 占美国葡萄酒总产量的90以上 225 000 hectares 公顷的葡萄园 Napa Valley纳帕山谷 Sonoma county 索诺马县 Five Climate Zones 5个气候区域,Good producers:Beringer,Kendall-Jackson优质生产商：贝灵哲，肯德.杰克逊,Australian Wine Regions澳大利亚葡萄酒产区,Australian vineyard

45、 regions澳大利亚葡萄园地区150 000 hectares 公顷Main wine regions主要葡萄酒产区 South Australia/南澳洲Western Australia/西澳洲New South Wales/新南威尔士 Victoria/维多利亚,Australian Wines澳大利亚葡萄酒,Australia benefits from lots of sun exposure and consistent climates.-Good grape growing conditions澳大利亚得益于充足的阳光与持续的气候条件，非常适宜葡萄的生长State of t

46、he art wine making techniques,fruit driven and varietal focused.聚焦于葡萄制造技术，注重葡萄酒的果香味和葡萄品种Shiraz is the famous variety of Australia设拉子是澳洲著名的葡萄品种,South Australia 南澳大利亚,Producing 50%of Australias total,South Australian is a phylloxera free state约占澳大利亚全国葡萄酒产量50，南澳洲无葡萄根瘤虫的困扰。The most famous winery regions of Australia:Barossa Valley,Adelaide Hills,Eden Valley,Coonawarra,Clare Valley,McLaren Vale.澳大利亚最著名的葡萄酒生产地区是：布诺萨山谷、安迪拉斯山、伊甸谷、库鲁瓦、科莱尔谷、麦克拉润谷Thanks to the warm weather,this is the land of the Shiraz得益于温暖的气候条件，这里最适宜设拉子的生长,Good producers:Penfolds,Wolf Blass,Saltram 优质生产商：奔富酒园，禾富酒园，索莱酒园,Thank you!谢谢！,