土木工程专业英语汇编.ppt
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1、土木工程专业英语,田文玉 主编杨全红 主审重庆大学出版社,Contents,UNIT 1UNIT 2UNIT 3UNIT 4UNIT 5UNIT 6UNIT 7UNIT 8,UNIT 9UNIT 10UNIT 11UNIT 12UNIT 13UNIT 14UNIT 15UNIT 16UNIT 17UNIT 18,UNIT 19UNIT 20UNIT 21UNIT 22UNIT 23UNIT 24UNIT 25,UNIT 1,Text A Careers in Civil EngineeringWords and Expressionsspecializeda.专业的,专门的jurisdicti
2、onn.管辖权,权限curriculumn.课程,学习计划probabilityn.概率variablen.变量,persuasivea.有说服力的geodeticn.大地测量学hydraulicsn.水力学recruitv.招聘,征募新人demonstratev.展示,演示topographyn.地形学subsoiln.地基下层土gravityn.重力,地心引力geodetic surveying 大地测量,soil mechanics 土力学feasibility study 可行性研究consultantn.咨询师,顾问coordinatev.合作system engineer 系统工程
3、师launching pads(火箭等的)发射台schedulev.订计划construction phase 施工阶段Notes,the bridge will be:为定语从句,省略了关系代词“which”。It is sufficient,therefore,to say:句中,it为形式主语,to say为真实主语,that the work为宾语从句,that he or she 为定语从句,修饰ways。Text B The Field in Civil EngineeringWords and Expressionsforefrontn.最前部,最前线,最活动的中心structu
4、rala.结构的,建筑的;结构,构造,environmentala.周围的,环境的 geotechnicala.岩土的water resources 水资源transportationn.交通,运输urban planning 城市规划,UNIT 2,Text A Development of RoadsNew Words and Expressionstrackn.踪迹,小径beat tracks 开辟路径prehistorica.史前的trailn.足迹,小路boggya.多沼泽的,crudea.粗糙的,不精细的waresn.(复数)货物,商品sledn.雪橇,雪车(以木质或金属长条代轮之
5、交通工具)wagonsn.四轮运货马(或牛)车sturdya.结实的,坚固的radiatev.向各方伸展,辐射elaboratea.精细的,复杂的trenchn.沟,沟渠excavatev.挖掘,mortarn.砂浆,胶泥tampv.捣固,夯实settlementn.新殖民地,定居点,居民点bayn.海湾wharfn.码头clearingn.开辟出来的空地turnpiken.(泛指)公路stagecoachn.公共马车freightn.货物,货运,haulv.搬运,拖运locomotiven.机车,火车头cross-countrya.越野的feedern.支线motor-vehicle 机动车
6、,汽车outlyinga.远离中心的,地处郊区的apta.恰当的,巧妙的simultaneousa.同时的,同时发生的mileagen.里程,英里数,in time 过了一段时间以后well-traveled routes 经常行走的路线hard-packed dirt 压紧或夯实的土wearing course 磨(耗)损层toll-collections 征收路税,收取过路费all-weather roads 晴雨通车路,全天(年)候道路tamp into place 夯实到位take over 接管,控制load-carrying ability 运载能力mass transportat
7、ion 公共交通,Notes what it is we are riding on我们是在什么上面驾车行驶。这是强调句型it is that,句中被强调部分是疑问词what,关系代词that被省去了。例如:You don t know what it is(that)you are doing.It s a mischief!本句不宜直译为“历史上伟大的文明也是伟大的道路建设者”,可意译为“历史上伟大的文明时期都是道路的大发展时期”或者“在人类历史上,文明昌盛之时即道路大发展之期”。,是古罗马最著名的大道,建于公元前312年,全长350多公里,其主干部分保留至今。公元1784年,罗马教皇庇护
8、六世修建了新的Appian Way,由罗马通向Albano,与旧大道平行。the League American Wheelmen 美国驾车人联合会。Text B Return To the TurnpikesNew Words and Expressiontolln.通行税,turnpiken.征收通行税的路feen.手续费;税spiken.大钉,道钉trunkn.树干corduroyn.木排路,圆木路(沼泽地上用)plankn.板(厚26英寸,宽9英寸以上)governor general 总领事macadamizev.铺碎石,用碎石铺路,looselyad.松散地bindern.粘合料i
9、mpregnatev.使充满,浸透asphaltn.沥青freightn.货运;水上运输bordern.边界federala.联邦的actuala.实际的schedulev.预定rushn.(突然产生的)一大批,UNIT 3,Text A How Is a Modern Road BuiltWords and Expressionsconquer v.征服machinery n.机械,机器lane n.车道driving lane 行车道inside/outside lane 内/外车道entrance n.入口exit n.出口,moisture n.湿度,潮湿drain v.排水drain
10、pipe 排水沟管drainage system 排水系统pack v.压紧;夯实;包装packing course 填层packing density 夯实密度prescribe v.规定,指定;开(药方)surveyorn.勘测者,测量员,crewn.全体队员construction crew 施工队bulldozer n.推土机loader n.搬运机,运土机scrapern.刮土机scoopv.铲起,舀出dump v.倾倒rollern.压路机power roller 电动压路机,soggya.湿润的,湿透的crackv.使破裂culvertn.涵洞ditchn.沟渠gradingn.
11、土工修整edgen.边缘shouldern.路肩withstandv.抗拒,经得起seepv.漏,渗,concreten.混凝土bituminousa.(含)沥青的asphaltn.地沥青,柏油tarn.沥青,柏油be under way 正在进行knock over 推倒,弄倒in one s tracks 随即,立刻filling materials 填料sink into 陷入,Notesnature不带冠词时意为“大自然”,例如:Nature is at its best in spring.大自然在春天最美。但the nature指“天性”,“本性”,“性质”等,因此文中的句子:So
12、metimes the routes has been decided by the nature of the land 应理解为“有时路线由土地的性质确定了”。drain(vi.)into 意为“(水之类的液体)排放到中”,本句可译为“然后水和融雪会顺畅地从路面排入排水管或沟渠”。,Text B Highway TypesWords and Expressionsencompass v.包括,围绕abutv.邻接,毗连,紧邻nomenclaturen.术语expresswayn.快速道路(部分立交)through traffic 过境交通grade separation 立体立交arter
13、iala.干线的,主干的,动脉的,intersectionn.交叉(口)parkwayn.风景区干道ribbonn.(由市区到郊区)沿干道发展的一系列建筑preferencen.优先,选择expeditev.促进,派遣obediencen.服从,顺从capsulen.&a.简约(的),摘要(的)in capsule form 以简约形式,sustaineda.持续的,持久的pedestriann.行人,步行者permanencen.永久(性)state highway 国道local highway 地方道路at grade 平面(的)right of way 通行权,道路用地yield si
14、gn 让路标志typifyv.作为的典型,代表,belt highway 环路,环线bypass highway 支路,旁线radial road 放射式道路frontage road 临街道路interstate system 州际(道路)系统marginal friction 路侧摩阻NotesAASHTO(American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials)美国各州公路与运输工作者协会,UNIT 4,Text A Road Construction()Words and Expressionssurveyv
15、.勘探,踏勘terrainn.地域,领地aeriala.空中的stratumn.复 strata 岩层,地层;薄片;阶层geological stratum 地质层,gravel stratum 砂砾层pitn.坑,槽trial pit 探井,试坑bore v.挖坑gradient n.坡度,倾斜度;梯度,陡度purchase v.购买bills of quantity 费用contractor n.承包人,订约人tender vi.(常与for连用)投标(做某事),履行(某契约),consulting engineer 顾问工程师resident engineer 工地工程师,驻地工程师en
16、quiryn.询问gradientern.水准仪,水平仪strayv.离群,走离;走失;迷失;闲逛stumpn.树桩,残根grubn.挖,掘;(常与up,out连用)连根挖出bulldozev.(用推土机)清除,平整,挖出bulldozern.推土机,(推土机前的)推土刀blastv.爆炸,炸开,explosiven.炸药,爆炸物fordn.过水路面cuttingn.挖方collapsev.坍塌earthworksn.土方(工程)hydraulica.水力的,水工的,水力学的,水压的hydraulicsn.水力学hydraulicityn.水凝性(水泥)hydraulic excavator
17、水力冲泥机,bucketn.铲斗,勺斗culvertn.涵洞,管道,阴沟stripv.剥去,除掉,脱stackv.堆叠caterpillarn.履带,坦克车,战车caterpillar tractor 履带式拖拉机towv.拖,牵引scrapern.平土机,铲土机,电耙box scraper 箱形电耙,blade n.刀片,叶片slice n.薄片,一份,部分shovel n.铲,挖掘机face shovel 正铲挖土机excavator-type shovel 挖掘机sump v.倾倒(垃圾)encounter v.遇到,相遇shatter v.破碎level vt.使平坦,平等;夷平,摧毁
18、inevitable a.不可避免的,必然的,settlementn.沉降,陷落,下沉trenchn.沟渠,管沟gullyn.冲沟,集水沟in accordance with 根据,按照sight lines 视线,瞄准线take into account/consideration 考虑single or twin-engined machines 单发动机或双发动机机器speed up 加快,加速earth settlement 土方沉降,in competition with 与竞争decide upon 决定Notestemporary haul roads 指筑路时为运输材料而修的临
19、时运输便道。up to sth.意为“多达”,“直到”,例如:Research suggests that up to half of those who were prescribed the drug have suffered side effects.研究表明在那些服用药物的人当中有多达一半的人会受到副作用影响。,while it is loading是时间状语从句。to speed up是目的状语;本句可译为:特别是在挖掘硬土时,铲土机在操作时还需用一辆后推式推土机将其顶住以加速操作。chalk意指白垩,是一种松软的方解石粉块,CaCO3,含有不等量的硅石、石英、长石或其他矿物杂质,
20、通常为灰白色或黄白色,从贝类化石中制得。这是一个倒装句,介词短语作状语置于句首引起倒装,主语是further pipes to carry the water collected in road gullies from the finished road surface。in和adjacent to共用了宾语these trenches。本句可译为:在边沟里或附近铺设排水管以排除从路面的水沟中汇集的水。,Text B Road Construction()Words and Expressionsphasev.使按计划进行carriagewayn.路面tolerancen.公差gradern
21、.平路机,推土机tiltv.倾斜soil stabilization 稳定土tipv.倒,倾泻pavern.摊铺机,chippingsn.屑slabn.厚板jointn.连接杆incorporatev.结合intervaln.间隔expansionn.膨胀contractionn.收缩conventionallyad.通常placer spreader 铺料机,brushv.刷groovev.扫vibrationn.振动approximatelyad.大约,UNIT 5,Text A Sight Distance()Words and Expressionssight distance 视距o
22、perationn.操作,作用facetn.面,某一方面stoppingn.停车nonpassing 禁止超车,停车passinga.超车,strikev.撞击,冲击hazardn.危险observev.观察,注意到oncominga.迎面而来,接近collisionn.碰撞,冲突obstructionn.阻挡,阻碍applyv.应用,使用,适用braken.制动器,刹车;v.阻碍perceptionn.感觉,initiala.&v.&n.最初,开始velocityn.速度consumev.消耗alignmentn.(道路)线形graden.坡度carry out 进行,实现,执行sequen
23、cen.连续eventn.事件,事情make up 组成,maneuvern.&v.(调动车辆的)机动动作acceleratev.&n.加速,促进markedlyad.显著的mechanicsn.复力学establishv.建立,规定,安置overtakev.追上,超过opportunityn.机会intervaln.间隔,空隙trailv.&n.跟踪,痕迹,perceivev.察觉,看见accomplishv.完成delayv.延误,推迟hurryn.&v.匆忙in the face of 面对occupancyn.占有,占用clearancen.净空vertical curve 竖曲线se
24、curev.保证,NotesFurthermore,it is unsafe to assume that the oncoming vehicle may avoid trouble by leaving the lane in which it is traveling,for this might result in loss of control or collision with another vehicle而且,认为迎面(对着障碍)开来的车辆以离开它所行驶的车道来避开障碍是不安全的,因为这可能会失去控制或与其他车辆相撞。Among the factors that will in
25、fluence his decision are the degree of caution that he exercises and the accelerating ability of his vehicle影响驾驶员决策的因素有二:一是他开车的小心程度,二是车辆的加速性能。,本句主语是degree和ability,are是谓语动词,that will influence his decision是定语从句,其先行词是factors,that he exercises也是定语从句,其先行词是degree。Text B Sight Distances()Words and Express
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