欧洲文化入门 第七章 浪漫主义.ppt.ppt
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1、Division seven Romanticism,What is Romanticism?,It was a movement in literature,philosophy,music and art which developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.It held that classicism failed to express mans emotional nature and overlooked his profound inner forces.,As a reaction to the
2、industrial revolution,it looked to the direct contact with nature for inspiration.Romanticism emphasized individual values and aspirations above those of society.,Romanticism(literature),a movement in the literature of almost every country of Europe,the US,and Latin Americafrom about 1750 to about 1
3、870The term“romantic”originally meant“romancelike”resembling the fanciful character of medieval romances.,Characteristics of Romanticism,reliance on the imagination and subjectivity 主观,主体性Emphasis on individual freedom of thought and expressionidealization of natureEulogy 赞美 of pure sentiments and i
4、deal beautyflexibility 自由 of form and style adapted to varying content emphasis on the subjective,the spontaneous自发的,自然而然产生的 and even the supernatural超自然的.,They held up the individual of pure sentiments as a way of personal salvation救赎 amidst the vices of industrialized society.They longed to return
5、 to nature and to childlike innocence.They looked to the idyllic 田园的 life as an escape from the corrupt and polluted urban civilization.,A shift of emphasis,imagination over reasonemotions over logic intuition 直觉 over sciencefrom the universal 普遍的宇宙的to the individualfrom the social to the personal,O
6、rigin,By the late 18th century in France and Germany,literary taste began to turn from classical and neoclassical conventions to Romanticism.two great forerunners:RousseauGoethe,The leading Romanticists,in EnglandBlakeWordsworth,ColeridgeByron,Shelley and KeatsScottin France HugoSand in Germany Hein
7、ein Russia Pushkin,II.Romanticism in Germany,Goethe and SchillerGoethes The Sorrows of Young Werther(1774)Schillers Love and IntrigueSchlegel Brothers(the Jena School)The Jena School:Schlegel Brothers,Novalis and TieckHeinrich Heine,Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe,(1749-1832),Johann Wolfgang von Goethe,E
8、arly life,The great friendship,creations,4,1,2,3,Contents,Weimar and Italian,Johann Wolfgang Goethe(1749-1832)is the mid-18th century to early 19th century Germany and Europe important writer,his life across two centuries,when the European social turbulence of the era of great change Goethes works s
9、pan the fields of poetry,drama,literature,theology,Humanism,science,and painting.Goethe German national literature is the most prominent representative of the German literary creation to Europes advanced level,as well as the development of European literature made great contributions,Brief introduct
10、ion,Early life,Johann Wolfgang Goethe was borned in1749,when he was young,he lived with his family in a large house in Frankfurt,then an Imperial Free City of the Holy Roman Empire.He was very cleaver when he was a small boy,he had from childhood the singular habit of always learning by heart the be
11、ginnings of books,and the divisions of a work.,Goethes hometown,Goethe studied law in Leipzig from 1765 to 1768.At that time,Goethe fell in love with and wrote cheerful verses about her in the Rococo genre.In 1770,he anonymously released Annette,his first collection of poems.,In Frankfurt,Goethe bec
12、ame severely ill.During the year and a half that followed,because of several relapses,the relationship with his father worsened.During convalescence,Goethe was nursed by his mother and sister.Bored in bed,he wrote an impudent crime comedy.In April 1770,his father lost his patience;Goethe left Frankf
13、urt in order to finish his studies in Strasbourg.,Goethes room,Goethesgarden,Goethes clock,Goethes desk,Goethes kitchen,In 1775,Goethe was invited,on the strength of his fame as the author of the sorrows of youngwerther,to the court of CaralAugust,Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach,who would become Grand
14、Duke in 1815.(The Duke at the time was 18 years of age,to Goethes 26.)Goethe thus went to live in Weimar,where he remained for the rest of his life and where,over the course of many years,he held a succession of offices,becoming the Dukes chief adviser.,Early years in Weimar,缇士拜恩的画“歌德在意大利”,Goethes j
15、ourney to the Italian peninsula from 1786 to 1788 was of great significance in his aesthetical and philosophical development.,Early years in Italian,He also journeyed to Sicily during this time,and wrote intriguingly that To have seen Italy without having seen Sicily is to not have seen Italy at all
16、,for Sicily is the clue to everything.While in Southern Italy and Sicily,Goethe encountered,for the first time genuine Greek(as opposed to Roman)architecture,and was quite startled by its relative simplicity.Winckelmann had not recognized the distinctness of the two styles.,In 1794 Friedrich Schille
17、r wrote to Goethe offering friendship;they had previously had only a mutually wary relationship ever since first becoming acquainted in 1788.This collaborative friendship lasted until Schillers death in 1805.,The great friendship Schiller,Friedrich von Schiller(1759-1805)Schiller was born at a poor
18、citizens family of German Wurttemburg principality,At the age of 14,Schiller was forced by the principality ruler Wurttemburg duke to go to Carls school to study law,afterwards just agree that he could learn medical.,Schiller is the second milestone only next to Goethe in the German classic literatu
19、re The creations of youthful Schiller mainly have four-part drama.robber writing in 1780 is his representative work.,In 1782 his another drama scheme and love makes a more brilliance and stronger be against feudality。,In May,1805,Schiller pass away and Goethe is very painful,he says:I lost Schiller
20、and also lost the half of my life.After Goethe passing away,according to his dying wish he is buried next to the relique of Schiller.,Schiller and geothes Tomb,creations,Ithinkofyou,whenIseethesunsshimmerGleamingfromthesea.Ithinkofyou,whenthemoonsglimmerIsreflectedinthesprings.seeyou,whenonthedistan
21、troadThedustrises,Indeepnight,whenonthenarrowbridgeThetravelertrembles.,我想起你,每当太阳从大海上辉煌照耀;我想起你,每当月亮在泉水中抖动彩笔。我看到你,每当在大路的远方扬起灰尘;每当深夜,浪游者在山间小路哆嗦战栗。,wedding,Ihearyou,whenwithadullroarThewavesurges.InthequietgroveIoftengotolistenWhenallissilent.Iamwithyou,howeverfarawayyoumaybe,Youarenexttome!Thesunisset
22、ting,soonthestarswillshineuponme.Ifonlyyouwerehere!,我听见你,每当大海掀起狂涛发出咆哮;在沉静的林苑中,我常去倾听万籁俱寂。我伴着你,即使你在天涯海角犹如身边;太阳西沉,星星很快将照耀我呵,愿你也在这里。,宣告作者:歌德朗诵:珍惜.,Goethe had a great effect on the nineteenth century.In many respects,he was the originator of many ideas which later became widespread.He produced volumes of
23、 poetry,essays,criticism,a theory of colours and early work on evolution and linguistics.Goethes influence was dramatic because he understood that there was a transition in European sensibilities,an increasing focus on sense,the indescribable,and the emotional.,海涅,亨利希海涅(17971856)是19世纪德国伟大的革命民主主义诗人、杰
24、出的散文家和政论家,也是19世纪前期浪漫主义文学和批判现实主义文学范畴在德国的主要代表人物。,(一)生平和创作,海涅于1797年12月31日出生在德国西部莱茵河流域的杜塞尔多夫城一个贫穷的犹太商人家里。他的父亲曾经在汉罗威尔军队中作过军需官,后来浪游到杜塞尔多夫,娶了医生方格尔德尔因的女儿作妻子。海涅的童年(18061813)是在拿破仑军队占领下的家乡度地的。海涅在杜塞尔多夫中学受了进步思想教育。,成年后,父母要他经营商业:19岁那年(1815),中学还未毕业,就被父母送到汉堡伯父那里,伯父是个大银行家,靠了他的资助办起一所商店。可是海涅极端讨厌商业,不久商店倒闭。跟亲属作了长久的斗争之后,终
25、于摆脱了商业。1819年入波恩大学学习法律,翌年转到哥根廷大学,后转到柏林大学,1824年又回到哥根廷大学,在此毕业并获得法学博士学位。,海涅很早就开始写诗,1816年首次发表作品。他最初的创作受德国浪漫派的影响,但一开始就摆脱了这个古典浪漫派的神秘特征和反动政治观点,只是接受了他的讲究形式和接近民歌的风格。他早期的抒情诗,最初以青春的苦恼、抒情插曲、归乡集以及北海集等组诗陆续发表,1827年收集在一起出版,名为歌集。歌集出版后,轰动一时,受到广大读者的欢迎,其中许多诗歌被音乐家配上乐谱。在海涅死前重版了13次。从1824年到1828年海涅以亲身的经历写出他的著名的散文游记哈尔茨山游记、观念一
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