毕业设计(论文)开关按键的注塑模具设计说明书.doc
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1、目录绪论31.模塑工艺规程的编制51.1塑件的工艺性分析51.1.1塑件的原材料分析51.1.2塑件的结构和尺寸精度及表面质量分析61.2计算塑件的体积和质量61.3塑件注塑工艺参数的确定71.4塑料成型设备的选取72.注塑模的结构设计82.1分型面选择82.2确定型腔的数目及排列方式92.2.1模腔数量的确定92.2.2型腔的排列方式112.3浇注系统设计112.3.1主流道设计112.3.2分流道设计122.3.3浇口设计132.3.4排气结构的设计132.3.5主流道衬套的选取142.4抽芯机构设计142.4.1确定抽芯距142.4.2确定斜销的倾角142.4.3确定斜销的尺寸152.4
2、.4斜导柱的长度152.4.5 滑块和导滑槽设计152.4.6 导柱的设计152.5推出机构设计162.6成型零件结构设计162.6.1定模板与动模板的设计163.外壳注塑模具的有关计算184.模具加热和冷却系统的设计205.模具闭合高度确定205.1计算模具的闭合高度215.2校核注塑机的开,合模空间215.2.1模具合模时校核215.2.2模具开模时校核216.注塑机有关参数的校核216.1模具合模时校核216.2模具开模时校核227.绘制模具总装图和非标零件工作图227.1本模具总装图和非标零件工作图见附图227.2本模具的工作原理22结论23致谢24参考文献25绪论大学的学习即将结束,
3、毕业设计是其中最后一个实践环节,是对以前所学的知识及所掌握的技能的综合运用和检验。随着我国经济的迅速发展,采用模具的生产技术得到愈来愈广泛的应用。随着工业的发展,工业产品的品种和数量不断增加。换型不断加快。使模具的需要补断增加。而对模具的质量要求越来越高。模具技术在国民经济中的作用越来越显得更为重要。根据业内专家预测,今年中国塑料模具市场总体规模将增加13%左右,到2005年塑料模具产值将达到460亿元,模具及模具标准件出口将从现在的9000多万美元增长到2005年的2亿美元左右,产值在增长,也就意味着市场在日渐扩大。相当多的发达国家塑料模具企业移师中国,是国内塑料模具工业迅速发展的重要原因之
4、一。中国技术人才水平的提高和平均劳动力成本低都是吸引外资的优势,所以中国塑模市场的前景一片辉煌,这是塑料模具市场迅速成长的重要因素所在。按照我国国家标准,模具共分为10大类46个小类,塑料模具是10大类中的l个大类,共有7个小类:热塑性塑料注塑模、热固性塑料注塑模、热固性塑料压塑模、挤塑模、吹塑模、真空吸塑模和其他类塑料模。塑料模的发展是随着塑料工业的发展而发展的,在我国起步较晚,但发展却很快,特别是最近几年,无论在质量、技术和制造能力上,都有很大发展。但就总体来看,与国民经济发展和世界先进水平相比,差距仍较大,一些大型、精密、复杂、高效、长寿命的塑料模具每年仍大量进口。据悉目前全世界年产出模
5、具约650亿美元,其中塑料模具约为260亿美元。我国1999年模具总产值245亿元其中塑料模具约为82亿元,2000年近100亿元。七类塑料模具中,注塑模具所占比例很大,约占全部塑料模具的80%左右。塑料模具的主要用户是家用电器行业、汽车、摩托车行业、电子音像设备行业、办公设备行业、建筑材料行业、信息产业及各种塑料制品行业等。目前国内年需塑料模具约130-140亿元,真中有30多亿元仍靠进口,进口量最多的塑料模具有汽车摩托车饰件模具、大屏幕彩电壳模具、冰箱洗衣机模具、通讯及办公设备塑壳模具、塑料异型材模具等。大学三年的学习即将结束,毕业设计是其中最后一个实践环节,是对以前所学的知识及所掌握的技
6、能的综合运用和检验。随着我国经济的迅速发展,采用模具的生产技术得到愈来愈广泛的应用。Introduction University of the end of study, graduation is one of the last practice session, is a previously learned knowledge and acquired skills in the comprehensive use and testing. As Chinas rapid economic development, the use of mold production technolo
7、gy are more and more widely used. With industrial development, the variety and quantity of industrial products increased. Type of accelerating change. To the increasing need to fill the mold. The quality requirements of the mold growing. Die technology increasing role in the national economy is even
8、 more important. According to industry experts predict the market this year, the overall size of the plastic mold in China will increase about 13%, plastic mold 2005 will reach 46 billion yuan output value, mold and mold standard parts exports from the current 9,000 million U.S. dollars to 2 2005 bi
9、llion U.S. dollars, the output value is growing, which means the market growing. A considerable number of companies moved to China developed plastic mold, plastic mold industry is the rapid development of important reasons. Raising the level of Chinese technical personnel and the average low labor c
10、osts are the advantages to attract foreign investment, so the prospects for the Chinese market, a brilliant mold, plastic mold that is an important factor in the rapid growth of the market lies. According to Chinas national standards, mold 46 is divided into 10 categories small, plastic mold l 10 ca
11、tegories in the major categories, a total of 7 small groups: thermoplastic injection molding, thermosetting plastic injection molding, compression molding of thermosetting plastics mold, extrusion mold, blow molding, vacuum forming mold and other types of plastic mold. The development of plastic mol
12、d plastic industrial development as the development, in our late start, but the development very quickly, especially in recent years, both in quality, technology and manufacturing capabilities, there are a great development. But in general, and national economic development and the world advanced le
13、vel, the gap is still large, some large, sophisticated, complex, high efficiency, long life plastic mold each year to import large quantities. It is reported that mold was present all over the world with an annual output of about 650 billion U.S. dollars, of which about 26 billion U.S. dollars of pl
14、astic molds. Output value of 24.5 billion in 1999 die. Which is about 8.2 billion plastic mold, in 2000 nearly 100 million. Seven types of plastic mold, injection mold a large proportion, accounting for about 80% of plastic mold. The main users of the plastic mold industry, household appliances, aut
15、omobile, motorcycle industry, electronic audio-visual equipment industry, Office equipment industry, building materials industry, information industry and all kinds of plastic products industries. At present, annual demand of about 130-140 plastic mold billion, so there are more than 30 million stil
16、l rely on imports, imports most of the plastic mold with a car and motorcycle accessories mold, shell mold large screen color TV, refrigerator, washing machine mold, communications and office Equipment Molded mold, plastic profile mold. University is about to end three years of study, graduation is
17、one of the last practice session, is a previously learned knowledge and acquired skills in the comprehensive use and testing. As Chinas rapid economic development, the use of mold production technology is more widely used. 1.模塑工艺规程的编制该塑件是外壳产品,其零件图如图7-1所示。本塑件的材料采用尼龙1010,生产类型为中等批量生产。图7-1外壳零件图该塑件是外壳产品,
18、其零件图如图7-1所示。本塑件的材料采用尼龙1010,生产类型为中等批量生产。1.1塑件的工艺性分析1.1.1塑件的原材料分析塑件的材料采用尼龙1010,属热塑性塑料。从使用性能上看,尼龙1010是半透明,吸水小,耐寒性较好,坚韧耐磨耐油耐水,抗霉菌,但吸水性大;从成型性能上看,塑件壁不宜取厚,并应均匀,脱模度不宜取小,尤其对厚壁及深高塑件更应取大。受热时间不宜超过30min,料温高则收缩大,易出飞边,收缩小,取向性强,注射压力低易发生凹痕,波纹。成型周期按塑件壁厚而定,厚则取长,薄则取短,为了减少收缩,凹痕缩孔,一般宜取低模温高注射压力的成形条件,以及采用白油作脱模剂;尼龙1010的主要技术
19、指标:密度是1.04kg/dm比体积是0.96dm/kg吸水率是0.20.4收缩率是1.32.3s熔点是205t/c热变形温度是55c抗拉屈服强度是62Mpa拉伸弹性模量1.810Mpa抗弯强度88Mpa硬度9.75HB击穿强度20KV/mm。另外,该塑件成型时易产生缩孔,凹痕,变形等缺陷,成型温度低时,方向性明显,凝固速度较快,易产生内应力。因此,在成型时应注意控制成型温度,浇注系统应较缓慢。散热冷却速度不易过快。1.1.2塑件的结构和尺寸精度及表面质量分析1.结构分析从零件图上分析,该零件总体形状为长方形。在宽度方向的一侧有两个高度6m,半径为2mm的侧孔.因此,模具设计时必须设置侧向分型
20、抽心机构,该零件属于中等复杂程度。2.尺寸精度分析该零件重要尺寸,如4mm,44mm,等尺寸精度为MT1级(GB/T144861993),次要尺寸,如16mm,9mm,114mm,3mm等的尺寸精度为MT5级(GB/T144861993)。由以上分析可见,该零件的尺寸精度中等偏上,对应的模具相关尺寸加工可以得到保证。从塑件的壁厚上来看,壁厚最大处为4mm,壁厚均匀, 符合尼龙1010的最小壁厚原则,在制件的转角处设计圆角,防止在此处出现缺陷,由于制件的尺寸较小,尼龙1010的强度较大不需增设加强。制件尺寸选用尺寸精度MT5级(GB/T144861993),零件的尺寸精度中等,对应的模具相关零件
21、的尺寸加工可以得到保证。从塑件的壁厚来看,壁厚较均匀,有利于制件的成型。3.表面质量分析该零件的表面除要求没有缺陷毛刺,内部不得有导电杂质外,没有什么特别的表面质量要求,故比较容易实现。综上分析可以看出,注塑时在工艺控制得较好的情况下,零件的成型要求可以得到保证.1.2计算塑件的体积和质量计算塑件的质量是为了选用注塑机及确定模具型腔数。计算塑件的体积:V=14.8cm计算塑件的质量:根据设计手册可查得尼龙1010的密度为=1.04kg/dm塑件质量:M=V =14.8101.0410 =15.4g采用一模两件的模具结构,考虑其外形尺寸,注塑时所需压力和工厂现有设备等情况,初步选用注塑机XSZY
22、125型。1.3塑件注塑工艺参数的确定查找有关文献和参考工厂时间应用的情况,尼龙1010的成型工艺参数可作如下选择:(试模时,可根据实际情况作适当调整)注塑温度:包括料筒温度和喷嘴温度。料筒温度:后段温度t选用 190210c;中段温度t 选用 200220c; 前段温度t 选用 210230c; 喷嘴温度: 选用200210c;注塑压力一:选用40100Mpa;注塑时间: 选用2090s;保压压力: 选用 65Mpa;高压时间: 选用05s;冷却时间: 选用20120s;总周期: 选用45220s;后处理方法: 采用油水盐水;后处理温度: 90100t/c;后处理时间: 4h。说明:3.1:
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