毕业论文—数控立式升降台铣床自动换刀装置的设计.doc
《毕业论文—数控立式升降台铣床自动换刀装置的设计.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《毕业论文—数控立式升降台铣床自动换刀装置的设计.doc(37页珍藏版)》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、目 录I摘要 IAbstract II1绪论11.1数控机床知识11.2数控铣床的分类11.2.1数控立式铣床11.2.2卧式数控铣床21.2.3立、卧式两用数控铣床21.3数控铣床的结构特征21.3.1数控铣床的主轴特征21.3.2控制机床运动的坐标特征31.4数控铣床的主要功能及加工对象31.4.1数控铣床的功能31.4.2自动换刀装置(ATC)及其形式31.4.3自动换刀装置应当满足的基本要求52总体方案的确定52.1XKA5032A/C数控立式升降台铣床及其主要参数52.1.1其主要结构特点62.1.2其主要规格及技术参数62.2初定其自动换刀装置的设计参数72.3确定其自动换刀装置的
2、形式73刀库的设计83.1确定刀库容量83.2确定刀库形式93.3刀库结构设计93.4初估刀库驱动转矩及选定电机113.4.1初选电动机与降速传动装置113.4.2初估刀库驱动转矩113.5刀库转位机构的普通圆柱蜗杆传动的设计113.6刀库驱动转矩的校核153.7花键联接的强度计算153.8夹紧机构插销剪切强度的校核163.9确定刀具的选择方式163.10刀库的定位与刀具的松夹174刀具交换装置的设计184.1确定换刀机械手形式184.2换刀机械手的工作原理194.3机械手的自动换刀过程的动作顺序204.4机械手回转轴4上的齿轮齿条设计214.5自动换刀装置的相关技术要求214.5.1主轴准停
3、装置214.5.2换刀机械手的安装与调试224.6自动换刀程序的编制225自动换刀装置的控制原理235.1自动换刀装置的液压系统原理图235.2自动换刀装置换刀动作的顺序控制过程246典型零件的设计246.1联轴器246.1.1联轴器的选用256.1.2联轴器的校核256.2选择离合器的类型256.3蜗杆蜗轮传动设计的一些相关技术要求256.4托架的设计25鸣 谢26参考文献28摘要本论文介绍的是XKA5032A/C数控立式升降台铣床自动换刀装置(刀库式)的设计.刀库式的自动换刀装置是由刀库和刀具交换装置(换刀机械手)组成。它是多工序数控机床上应用最广泛的换刀装置,其整过换刀过程比较复杂。首先
4、把加工过程中需要使用的全部刀具安装在标准的刀柄上,在机床外进行尺寸预调后,按一定的方式装入刀库。换刀时,先在刀库中进行选刀,由机械手从刀库和主轴上取出刀具,然后交换位置,把新刀插入主轴,旧刀放回刀库。存放刀具的刀库具有较大的容量,其容量为六把刀具,采用盘形结构,安装在机床的左侧立柱上。因为XKA5032A/C数控立式升降台铣床外形及其他性能参数等均与THK6363型自动换刀数控镗铣床相似,所以本机床的自动换刀装置的设计将仿效THK6363型自动换刀数控镗铣床换刀装置,设计成采用轴向放置的鼓盘式刀库形式和回转式双臂机械手组成。刀具按预定工序的先后顺序插入刀库的刀座中,使用时按顺序转到取刀位置。用
5、过的刀具放回原来的刀座内,也可以按加工顺序放入下一个刀座内。该法不需要刀具识别装置,驱动控制也比较简单,工作可靠。但刀库中每一把刀具在不同工序中不能重复使用,为了满足加工需要只有增加刀具的数量和刀库的容量,这就降低了刀具和刀库的利用率。此外,装刀时必须十分谨慎,如果刀具不按顺序装在刀库中,将会产生严重的后果。顺序选刀是在加工之前,将加工零件所需刀具按照工艺要求依次插入刀库的刀套中,顺序不能有差错。加工时按顺序调刀。适合加工批量较大、工件品种数量较少的中、小型自动换刀装置。可知数控铣床用4把刀就可完成大多数的铣削加工。所以这个容量为6把刀的刀库,几乎不存在加工过程中需要重复利用刀具的情况,所以刀
6、具的选择方式确定为顺序选择刀具。两手互相垂直的回转式单臂双手机械手的优点是换刀动作可靠,换好时间短,缺点是刀柄精度要求高,结构复杂,联机调整的相关精度要求高,机械手离加工区较近。一般来说,这种机械手用于刀库刀座轴线与机床主轴轴线垂直,刀库为径向存取刀具形式的自动换刀装置,因此,在XKA5032A/C数控立式升降铣床的自动换刀装置中可采用这种机械手形式。关键词:数控铣床;自动换刀装置;刀库;换刀机械手ABSTRACTThis thesis introduction is the design that the XKA5032 A/C number controls the sign type w
7、orking panel lifter miller to change the knife device(the knife database type) automatically.The knife database type automatically change the knife device is have by the knife database and the knife to exchange device(change the knife the machine hand) to constitute.It is many work ordinal numbers t
8、o control the top of the tool machine to apply to change the knife device most extensively, it is whole to lead to change the knife process more complicated.First process process in need to be use of all knifes have to install on the haft of the standard, pressing certain way to pack into the knife
9、database after the tool machine carry on size to prepare to adjust outside.Be in the knife database carry on choosing knife first while change the knife, is taken out knife to have from the knife database and the principal axis by the machine hand, then exchange position, insert the new knife into t
10、he principal axis, the old knife puts back a knife database.The knife database that deposits knife to have has bigger capacity, its capacity has for six knifes, adopting the dish form structure, the left side that installs in the tool machine signs pillar up.The XKA5032 A/C number controls the sign
11、type working panel lifter miller shape and other function parameter etc.s to all change the knife with THK6363 typeses automatically number to control the boring miller likeness, so this tool machine changes the knife the design of the device to change the knife in the wake of THK6363 typeses automa
12、tically automatically the number control the boring miller to change the knife device, the design becomeses the adoption stalk toward the drum dish type knife database form and the turn-over type double the arm machine hand for place to constitute.The knife has to press to schedule to the work prefa
13、ce insert the knife of the knife database order of sequence, usage turn to take knife position in order.The knife for using puts back the original knife inside, can also press to process sequence to put into the next knife.That method doesnt need the knife to identify device, driving a control also
14、more simple, work credibility.But the knife database in each knife have in the different work preface and cant repeat an usage, for satisfying to process to need to only increase the capacity of the quantity and the knife database that the knife have, this utilization that lowers knife to have with
15、the knife database.Have to be very careful while packing knife in addition, if the knife doesnt in order have to pack in the knife database, will produce serious result.Sequences choosing knife is before process, will process the knife that spare parts need to have to request to be one by one in ord
16、er in the knife set of insert the knife database according to the craft, the sequence cant have mistake.Process adjust knife in order.Suit to process a batch quantity to compare greatly,the work piece the species quantity less of medium,small scaled the auto change the knife device.Can know the numb
17、er controls miller to use 4 make the knife complete most milling and can pare to process.So this capacity is 6 knife databases of knifes, almost the nonentity process to need to make use of the circumstance that the knife have again in the process, so the knife have of the choice method assurance fo
18、r in proper order choice the knife have.Two hands are mutual perpendicular of the advantage of the turn-over type single arm hands machine hand change the knife action credibility, changing good time short, the weakness is the haft accuracy to have high request, structure complications, the linking
19、machine adjust of the related accuracy have high request, the machine hand leaves to process area nearer.Generally speaking, this kind of machine hand useds for the knife database knife the stalk line and the tool machine principal axis stalk line perpendicular, the knife database has a form to chan
20、ge the knife device automatically toward the access knife for the path, therefore can adopt this kind of machine hand form in the XKA5032 A/C number control the sign type rise and fall miller the auto change the knife the device.KEYWORDS: numerical control milling machines ;Automatic tool changer ;T
21、ool storage ;tool changing-manipulatorXKA5032A/C数控立式升降台铣床自动换刀装置1 绪论1.1 数控机床知识数字控制机床是用数字代码形式的信息(程序指令),控制刀具按给定的工作程序、运动速度和轨迹进行自动加工的机床,简称数控机床。数控机床具有广泛的适应性,加工对象改变时只需要改变输入的程序指令;加工性能比一般自动机床高,可以精确加工复杂型面,因而适合于加工中小批量、改型频繁、精度要求高、形状又较复杂的工件,并能获得良好的经济效果。随着数控技术的发展,采用数控系统的机床品种日益增多,有车床、铣床、镗床、钻床、磨床、齿轮加工机床和电火花加工机床等。此外
22、还有能自动换刀、一次装卡进行多工序加工的加工中心、车削中心等。数控机床主要由数控装置、伺服机构和机床主体组成。输入数控装置的程序指令记录在信息载体上,由程序读入装置接收,或由数控装置的键盘直接手动输入。随着微电子技术、计算机技术和软件技术的迅速发展,数控机床的控制系统日益趋向于小型化和多功能化,具备完善的自诊断功能;可靠性也大大提高;数控系统本身将普遍实现自动编程。 未来数控机床的类型将更加多样化,多工序集中加工的数控机床品种越来越多;激光加工等技术将应用在切削加工机床上,从而扩大多工序集中的工艺范围;数控机床的自动化程度更加提高,并具有多种监控功能,从而形成一个柔性制造单元,更加便于纳入高度
23、自动化的柔性制造系统中。1.2 数控铣床的分类1.2.1 数控立式铣床数控立式铣床是数控铣床中数量最多的一种,应用范围也最为广泛。小型数控铣床一般都采用工作台移动、升降、及主轴不动方式,与普通立式升降台铣床相似;中型数控立式铣床一般采用纵向和横向工作台移动方式,且主轴沿垂直溜板上下运动;大型数控立式铣床,因要考虑到扩大行程,缩小占地面积及刚性等技术问题,往往采用龙门架移动式,其主轴可以在龙门架的横向与垂直溜板上运动,而龙门架则沿床身作纵向运动。从机床数控系统控制的坐标数量来看,目前3坐标数控立式铣床仍占大多数。一般可进行3坐标联动加工,但也有部分机床只能进行3坐标中的任意二个坐标联动加工。此外
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 毕业论文 数控 立式 升降台 铣床 自动 装置 设计
链接地址:https://www.31ppt.com/p-2945467.html