[英语学习]Open the Door to Forgiveness.ppt

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1、BOOK TWO,Unit 11,Open the Door to Forgiveness,Text Introduction&Structure Analysis,The essay we are about to deal with is an argumentation which discusses an important virtue forgiveness.Obviously enough,the author of the text offers some suggestions on forgiveness.Apart from that,the author also pr

2、esents his arguments and comments on the matter of forgiving,which are placed before and after his suggestions.,More,In this essay,the author 1.mentions the significance or the merits of forgiveness;2.proposes four guidelines to achieve it;3.discusses the invalidity of some opposite views;4.examines

3、 possible causes of unfair hurt that victimizes us.It falls into four parts,More,The author cites a common phenomenon of people hurting each other,and then turns to the need and significance of forgiveness.,The author introduces four guidelines to achieve forgiveness.,The author expresses his disagr

4、eement with those who claim that forgiveness is“unjust”and is“a sign of weakness”.,The author offers his advice that,as we are seldom wronged without reason,we often need to examine ourselves.,Detailed Analysis,Part One:(Para.1-5)Main Ideas Para.1-2:The first two paragraphs serve as an introduction,

5、in which the author mentions the common phenomenon of people hurting each other.Para.3:The author proposes the right approach to the matter by quoting a philosophers words and giving the example of Pope John Paul II.,Part One:(Para.1-5)Main Ideas Para.4-5:In these two paragraphs the author comments

6、on our reactions to“deep and unfair hurts”from two perspectives.He first admits that it is not easy to forgive,but he points out the true merit of forgiveness.While he acknowledges that“our natural response”is hate,he reminds us of its detrimental effects.Thus the author drives home his point that f

7、orgiveness is a more sensible choice.,Detailed Analysis,Open the Door to ForgivenessLewis B.Smedes,Detailed reading1-3,1.Someone hurt you,maybe yesterday,maybe long ago,and you cannot forget it.You did not deserve the hurt and it has lodged itself in your memory,where it keeps on hurting.2.You are n

8、ot alone.We all muddle our way through a world where even well-meaning people hurt one another.A friend betrays us;a parent abuses us;a spouse leaves us.,3.Philosopher Hannah Arendt believes that the only power that can stop the stream of painful memories is the“faculty of forgiving.”In that spirit,

9、one December day in 1983,Pope John Paul II walked into a cell of Rebibbia prison outside Rome to meet Mehmet Ali Agca.The Pope took the hand of the man who had tried to kill him,and forgave him.,lodge v.1.make or become firmly stuck somewhere 安顿,Detailed reading1 betray,e.g.,The army can lodge their

10、 tents in the fields.部队可以在野外安营扎寨。You can lodge the valuables in the bank.你可以把贵重物 品存放在银行里。,2.provide housing for 提供住宿,e.g.,Can you lodge us for the night?你能让我们暂住一夜吗?They lodge tourist during summer holidays.暑假期间他们给游客提供住宿。,More,it has lodged itself in your memory:it has taken room in your mind 你对此耿耿于怀

11、,Detailed reading1 betray,e.g.,This story has just lodged itself in my memory。这个故事已铭刻于我心中。What I want to say is these words should be lodged in your brains.我要说的是你们必须牢记这些话。,Collocation:,sth.lodge itself in ones mind/memory/brain:sb.remember sth.forever,Translation:,这个节日已经深入人心。,The festival has lodged

12、 itself in the public mind.,Derivation:,lodgeable adj.lodgment n.lodger n.lodging n.,We all muddle our way through a world where even well-meaning people hurt one another”?,Detailed reading1-Quesion 1-2,We all could make some silly mistakes due to our carelessness or in some confusing state.,Explana

13、tion:,Paraphrase:,This sentence is closely related with the previous one,because the author switches“you”in the previous sentence and in the first paragraph to“we.”This change is necessary,because“you”refers to the reader in particular,while“we”includes the reader,the author and other people in gene

14、ral.Thus the switch confirms the statement:“You are not alone.”,More,Translation:,在这个世界上，即便是本意善良的人也会互相伤害；我们都在其中糊里糊涂地过日子。,Detailed reading1-Quesion 1-2,muddle through(sth.):to succeed in doing sth.with difficulty,or not in a very satisfactory 胡乱应付过去;混过(困难时期等),e.g.,There were problems,but we muddled t

15、hrough somehow.困难是有的,但我们好歹混过来了。The BBC may be able to muddle through the next five years like this.像这样，英国广播公司也许能勉强再应付5年。,muddle v.mix up or confuse;make into a puddle 使糊涂;弄糟,We muddle along from day to day.我们一天天地混日子。I was muddled by too much advice.提供的意见太多,把我弄糊涂了。,e.g.,More,Detailed reading1-Quesion

16、 1-2,1)这一堂课不清楚，把我给搞糊涂了。2)你把文件都弄乱了。,Translation:,Derivation:,muddled adj.混乱的；糊涂的；头脑昏昏然的 muddler n.(搅拌饮料的)搅棒 muddle n.糊涂，困惑；混乱，杂乱,The lesson was not clear and it has muddled me.,Youre muddling up the papers.,Detailed reading1-Quesion 1-2,well-meaning:intending kind or helpful(虽常事与愿违但)出于好心的，善意的，本意良好的,H

17、e is a well-meaning but ineffectual leader.他是个心有余而力不足的领导者。Well-meaning friends or family might advise us to get up and take a walk.好心的朋友或家人可能建议我们起床或者去散散步。,e.g.,betray v.be unfaithful to;reveal unintentionally 背叛，出卖;泄露，显露,Detailed reading1 betray,e.g.,He betrayed his country.他背叛了他的国家。He would suffer

18、death rather than betray the secret.他宁死也不肯泄露机密。,Derivation:,betrayal n.betrayer n.,Collocation:,betray sb./sth.to sb.:hand over or show sb./sth.disloyally to an enemybetray oneself:show what or who one really is,More,Detailed reading1-Quesion 1-2,1)那军官把秘密向朋友泄露了。2)他将耶稣出卖给罗马人。,Translation:,The officer

19、 betrayed the secret to his friends.,He betrayed Christ to the Romans.,abuse v.1.say unkind,rude or offensive things to sb.,Detailed reading1 abuse,e.g.,You are always abusing and offending people.你总是出言不逊得罪人。He alleged that he was verbally abused by other soldiers.他宣称自己遭到其他士兵的辱骂。,2.to deliberately u

20、se something for the wrong purpose or for your own advantage,e.g.,He abused his power while in office.他在职时滥用权力。Be honest and upright;do not abuse power for personal gains.坚持清正廉洁,反对以权谋私。,More,Detailed reading1 abuse,Derivation:,abusive a.,Synonym:,misuse,Comparison:,misuse:to treat something or someb

21、ody badly.It is often used about objects.abuse:make bad or wrong use of.It is rarely used about objects,but when it is used in this way it is stronger than misuse,and suggests that there is damage.,abuse,misuse,faculty n.1.a natural ability,such as the ability to see,hear,or think clearly(身体、精神的)机能,

22、官能(+of),Detailed reading1 faculty,e.g.,He has lost his faculty of memory.他失去了记忆力。It is also a myth that the faculty of hearing is greatly increased in blind people.盲人的听力会大幅增强也是一种谬谈。,Collocation:,faculty of/for doing sth.,e.g.,That man has a faculty for doing many things at a time.那个人具有同时做数事的才能。This

23、boy has a faculty of making friends easily.这个男孩有交友的能力。,More,faculty n.2.all the teachers in a university 全体教职员,Detailed reading1 faculty,e.g.,The faculty agreed on a change in the requirements.全体教师一致同意修改规定。How can faculty improve their teaching so as to encourage creativity?教师们如何才能改进教学以激发创造性呢？,Detai

24、led reading4-5,For most of us,however,it is not easy to forgive.Forgiving seems almost unnatural.Our sense of fairness tells us that people should pay for the wrong they do.But in forgiving we can move from hurting and hating to healing and reconciliation.Hate is our natural response to deep and unf

25、air hurts.A woman wishes her former husband would be miserable with his new wife.A man whose friend has betrayed him hopes the friend will be fired from his job.Hate is a malignancy that festers and grows,stifling joy and threatening our health.It hurts the hater more than the hated.It must be cut o

26、ut for our own sake.,4,5,Detailed reading1-pay for 1,pay for v.receive punishment or suffering for sth.,e.g.,Hell have to pay for what he has done.他将为自己所做的一切付出代价。,Collocation:,pay back:return money to sb.that one has borrowed from him;punish sb.or get ones revenge 报答;偿还;还钱;向.报复pay in/into:put money

27、into a bank account 把.存入银行pay out:(regularly)make a large payment of money for sth.付钱;付费用,More,Detailed reading1 pay for 3,Exercise:Choose a proper phrase in its appropriate form to fill each blank in the following sentences.,I a lot of money for that car.2.These people must be made to their crimes.

28、3.Have I you the$10 I borrowed?4.Have you the cheque your account yet?5.Ill him for what he did to me!,paid out,_,pay for pay back pay into pay out,pay for,_,back,_,paid,_,paid,_,into,_,pay,_,back,_,Detailed reading1-pay for 1,heal v.to make sb.who is ill become healthy again,especially by using nat

29、ural powers or prayer,e.g.,He claims that he can heal the sick.,Derivation:,healing n.healingly adv.healable adj.,Collocation:,heal over;heal up,Translation:,我胳膊上的伤已愈合了。2)家庭成员之间的不和随着时间的流逝而消失。,The wound on my arm has healed.,The disagreement among the family members healed over with time.,Detailed re

30、ading1-pay for 1,reconciliation n.1)a situation in which two people,countries etc.become friendly with each other again after quarrelling 和解,和好,e.g.,I told her that there could never be a reconciliation between us.我告诉她我们之间决不可能和解。,More,2)the process of finding a way that two beliefs,facts etc.that ar

31、e opposed to each other can both be true or successful 和谐,调和,一致,e.g.,The reconciliation between environment and development can be attained.环境与发展可以和谐一致。,Detailed reading1-pay for 1,Derivation:,reconcile v.reconciler n.reconcilement n.reconciliatory adj.,Collocation:,reconciliation between/with,Trans

32、lation:,1)汤姆对与父亲和解没有兴趣。2)但他没有心情去和解。,Tom is not interested in reconciliation with his father.,But he was in no mood for reconciliation.,Detailed reading1 former1,former a.of an earlier period or time;being the first mentioned of two things or people,e.g.,In former days there was a racecourse here.从前这

33、儿有个赛马场。When she is offered ice-cream or pie,she always chooses the former.当有冰淇淋或馅饼给她吃时,她总是挑选前者。,Derivation:,formerly ad.,Antonym:,current;present,Detailed reading1 Hate is a,Hate is a malignancy that festers and grows,stifling joy and threatening our health.,Translation:,憎恨就像是一个不断溃烂和增大的肿瘤，它抑制人的快乐，威胁

34、人的健康。,Paraphrase:,Hate is like a vicious and uncontrollable disease that darkens our life and affects our health.,Detailed reading1-pay for 1,cut out v.,e.g.,The doctor told me to cut out meat for my fat.由于肥胖，大夫叫我停止吃肉。Cut out all the vulgar expressions.删去所有粗俗的用语。Cut out the engine,will you?把发动机关掉好吗?

35、,More,1)to stop doing or eating something,especially because it might be bad for your health2)to remove something from a piece of writing,especially because it might offend people3)to stop someone from doing something or being involved in something,Detailed reading1-pay for 1,e.g.,I left medicine an

36、yway.I wasnt really cut out for it.我还是放弃学医了，我真的不是那块料。He doesnt feel he is cut out to be a leader.他认为自己没有做领导的才能。,More,Collocation:not cut out for a particular type of work:not have the qualities that are needed to be able to do it well.,Detailed reading1 pay for 3,Exercise:Choose a proper phrase in i

37、ts appropriate form to fill each blank in the following sentences.,1)Installing double glazing will the noise from traffic.2)The current advice to pregnant women is to alcohol.2)The gas had been.3)The cancerous cells had to be.,cut down cut off cut out,cut down,_,cut off,_,cut out,_,cut out,_,cut of

38、f,cut downcut something off:to stop the supply of something such as electricity,gas,water etc.cut down:to reduce the amount of something,Comparison:,How does the author comment on forgiveness and hate?,Detailed reading1-Quesion 5,The author admits that“it is not easy to forgive.Forgiving seems almos

39、t unnatural.”“Our sense of fairness tells us that people should pay for the wrong they do”and“hate is our natural response.”However,he believes that forgiveness brings about healing and reconciliation while hate only darkens our life and affects our health.,Part Two:(Para.6-18)Main Ideas In Part 2,t

40、he author moves on to give advice on the right approach to the matter:forgiving the person and healing our wound.Para.6:This is a transitional paragraph that leads to the authors suggestions.Para.7-9:In these paragraphs the author puts forward the first guideline exemplified by Lizs case.,Detailed A

41、nalysis,More,Part Two:(Para.6-18)Main Ideas Para.10-12:These paragraphs make up the second guideline for forgiveness.Para.13-16:The third guideline is discussed in these four paragraphs.Para.17-18:The two paragraphs are about the last guideline-dont give up on forgiveness because it calls for determ

42、ination and continual effort.,Detailed Analysis,Detailed reading6-8,How can this be done?How can you let go of a hurt,the way a child opens his hands and frees a trapped butterfly?Here are guidelines to help you begin to forgive:Confront your malice.None of us wants to admit that we hate someone,so

43、we hide it from ourselves.But the fury denied rages beneath the surface and infects all our relationships.Admitting our hate compels us to make a decision about the surgery of the soul we call forgiving.We must acknowledge what has happened,face up to the other person and say:“You did me wrong.”,7,6

44、,Detailed reading1-trap,let go of:release,as from ones grip 释放，放开,Its time to let go of your fantasies.Joanna let go of the deer,and it bounded off between the trees You cant go on well in life until you let go of your past failures.,Translation:,不要做白日梦了。,乔安娜放走了小鹿，小鹿在树间跳跃着跑开了。,只有对曾经的失败不再耿耿于怀，生命才会变得更

45、加美好。,Detailed reading1-trap,trap v.unable to move or escape,e.g.,The police trapped him into a confession.警察设圈套使他招供。Many women are trapped in loveless marriages.许多妇女陷入没有爱情的婚姻之中而无法摆脱。,Collocation:,trap sb.into sth./doing sth.:catch sb.by a trick,Translation:,雇主用做有记号的钱诱捕了那个贼。,The employer trapped the

46、thief by using marked money.,Detailed reading1-trap,e.g.,The government had finished guidelines for the completion of tax returns.政府已经形成了完善退税的方针。The government has drawn up guidelines on the treatment of the mentally ill.政府制定了对待精神病人的指导方针。The figures are a useful guideline when buying a house.买房时这些数据

47、很有参考价值。,Collocation:,guideline for/on,guideline n.,1)rules or instructions about the best way to do something 指导方针；指导原则；准则 2)something that helps you form an opinion or make a decision 参考,Detailed reading1-trap,confront v.1.to be face to face with 面临;遭遇 2.to face bravely 勇敢地面对;正视 3.to present somebo

48、dy with something,usually to accuse or criticize 使当面对证,e.g.,We must confront the future with optimism.我们必须乐观地面对未来。The school was confronted with a reduced Budget.学校面临削减预算。The judge confronted the accused with his accuser.法官让被告和原告对质。,More,Detailed reading1-trap,Translation:,他一天之内遭遇父母及爱人的离逝。我希望和控告我的人当

49、庭对质。,He was confronted with the death of his parents and his spouse.,Collocation:,be confronted with sth.confront sb.with/about sth.,I wish to confront my accuser in a court of law.,Derivation:,confrontation n.对抗，冲突 confrontationist n.对抗主义者;adj.主张对抗的confrontment n.面对，面对面，对质,meet，encounter，confront，f

50、ace，contact,这些动词均有“遇见，会见，碰见”之意。meet:普通用词，本义指双方或多方从不同方向或相反 方向作向对运动，最终相碰(遇)。encounter:通常指遇到困难或挫折，也指偶然或意外地 相遇。confront:不可避免的，面对面的相遇。也指敢于正视困 难或问题的决心和信心。face:侧重双方静止地面对面，或指指充满勇气、信心和 决心正视人或事。contact:多指通过书信、电话或直接会面和别人联系。口语用词。,Comparison:,malice n.intention to hurt sb.恶意，恶感；怨恨,Detailed reading1 malice,e.g.,S