定语从句ppt.ppt

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1、,定 语 从 句,定义,在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。That is the teacher who teaches us English.Those who want to go to the park are girls.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)关系副词(when,where,why),引导词,who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.,A person who s

2、teals things is called a thief.,whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。,The man(whom)I nodded to is Mr.Li.,1.关系代词,which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,These are the trees which were planted last year.,This recorder（which）he is using ismade in Japan.,He is the man(that)I told you about.,that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,A p

3、lane is a machine that can fly.,He is the man that likes playing football.,whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。,We live in a house whose windows face south.,This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.,2.关系代词的用法注意点,(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下7种情况只能用that，不能用which。,当先行词中有人又有物时。,Do you kn

4、ow the things and persons that they are talking about?,当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等或被它们所修饰时。This is all that I want from the school.,当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等修饰时。This is the very book that I am looking for these days.,当先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时。The TV tower is t

5、he highest building that has been built in this city.,The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.,当主语是以who或者which开头的特殊疑问句时（避免重复）Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there.关系代词在定语从句中作to be的表语时Tom isnt the boy that he used to be.先行词前有such或the same修饰，先行词和关系代词指同一物时This is the s

6、ame bike that I lost two weeks ago.,(2)以下3种情况只能用which，不能用that。引导非限制性定语从句时The cat,which is red,is eating.The cat which(that)is red is eating.当关系代词前有介词时This is the house in which he once lived.当先行词本身是that时That which you told him about is what we want to know.,非限制性定语从句,定义,非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的

7、意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。,My watch,which is very old,stopped again.,限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词as或which引导。,在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。,限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则

8、不然。试比较：,This is the best book that I have read.,This is a good book,which is easy to understand.,(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点,whose的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=of which+the+名词。如：The novel whose title（of which the title）is Red and Black is very interesting.,whose的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=of w

9、hom+the+名词。如：The boy whose mother（of whom the mother）is a doctor is my friend.,(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：Those who _against the plan put up your hands.Tom is one of the students who _praised by the teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who _praised by the teacher yeste

10、rday.,were,were,was,The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world.that/,(2)The dress is new.She is wearing it.,The dress which she is wearing is new.that/,(1)The scientist is very famous in the world.We met her yesterday.,巩固练习：1.用定语从句合并句子,(3)He is the kind person.I have ever wo

11、rked with him.,(4)This is the best film.I have ever seen this film.,He who I have ever worked with is the kind person.,This is the best film that I have ever seen./,1.The girl _is standing next to our teacher is her daughter.2.The girl _our teacher is talking with is a famous singer.3.The girl_ moth

12、er is a teacher can speak English very well.4.I cant find the book _is borrowed from the library.5.I cant find the book _you lent to me.,who/that,(who/whom/that),whose,which/that,(that/which),巩固练习：2.用适当的关系词填空,注意：介词+which/whom引导的定语从句,介词的选用原则：,a根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。This is the book on which I spent 8 do

13、llars.This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars.,b根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。,I remember the day on which I joined the Party.I remember the days during which I lived there.,Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?,当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(指人)或which(指物)，且关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that。,The man with whom you talk

14、ed just now is my neighbor.I cant find the pen with which I was writing.,当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用 which/that(指物),who/whom/that(指人)作从句中介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。,Dad is a person_ I can easily talk to.,(whom/who/that),(which/that),在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。,This is the watch(that/which)I am lookin

15、g for.The babies(who/whom/that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.,4.含介词的固定搭配动词短语的使用,先行词是the way，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/in which或省略。,I didnt like the way _ she talked to me.The way _he teaches English is interesting.,（that/in which）,（that/in which）,定语从句中只能用as而不能用which(或that)的场合下列结构中（理解为

16、插入语）As we(all)know,As is well known,As is known to all/everybody,As was expected/announced/imagined,As has been said before,As we can see,As sb pointed out,As has been pointed out,As is often the case(情况常是这样),As is mentioned above.,先行词受such,as,the same修饰时(注意：the same在此处的含义是指先行词与定语从句里所指代的内容在大小、外形、款式等

17、方面是一样的，不是指同一事物。)I received as nice a gift as my mother promised.但若先行词与关系词在定语从句中所指代的内容是指同一件东西时，关系词则需用that.This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.,非限制性定语从句放在句首时 As is known to all,China is a developing country.has been announced,we shall have our final exams next month.A、That B、As C、It D、What,3.关系

18、副词,用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。,I still remember the day when(=on which)I first came to Nanjing.,My father was born in the year when(=in which)World War broke out.,when,用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。,This is the farm where(=on which)we worked when we we

19、re young.,The school where(=in which)his mother teaches is in the west of the city.,where,用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。,There are several reasons why(=for which)the boys should be punished.,Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why(=for which)he was late for school.,why,关系副词的用法注

20、意点,（1）当point，situation，case，occasion，stage等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?,（2）关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。Fromtheyearswhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.Greatcha

21、ngesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.,Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003,_he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students Union.A.during which timeB.for which timeC.during whose timeD.by that timeThat

22、 is the hotel _ we stayed last year.A.in that B.in which C.why D.at which,关系代词和关系副词的作用,关系代词和关系副词如何区别？,1.The reason _he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.2.The reason_he gave us sounded reasonable.3.Ill never forget the day _we spent together in Paris.4.Ill remember the day_we stayed toget

23、her at that time.5.This is the factory_we visited last year.6.This is the building _ once was a museum.,why,thatwhich,thatwhich,when,thatwhich,where,Remember:引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。,7.(1)He still lives in the room _window faces to the south.(2)He still lives in

24、 the room _is in the north of the city.,whose,which,8.(1)I will never forget the day _we spent together.(2)I will never forget the day _is a Friday.,when,that,9.(1)The reason _he didnt come was that he was ill.(2)The reason _he explained is not true.,why,that,10.(1)We will meet at the same building_we met last month.(2)We will meet at the same building _is rebuilt last month.,where,that,