多种糖对仔猪开食料的协同效应.ppt
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1、Synergism Effects of Multiple Sugars in Pig Starter Diets多种糖对仔猪开食料的协同效应,Pig Starter Approximate Composition,%of diet仔猪开食料大致组成,%,Carbohydrates as an EnergySource in Pig Diets 碳水化合物在猪饲料中作为能量来源,Energy is frequently the most limiting nutrient in swine diets.在猪饲料中能量总是限制性营养因素 Starch is the main carbohydra
2、te and primary energy source in most pig diets.大多数猪料中淀粉是主要的碳水化合物以及能量来源,Sucrase(sugar),Outline摘要,Sugar utilization at pig birth 初生仔猪对糖的利用Sugar utilization at weaning 断奶仔猪对糖的利用 Sucrose replacement value for lactose 蔗糖对乳糖的替代作用 Pig preference for sweeter diets 猪喜好甜食 Economic formulation with sugar sourc
3、es 不同糖原的合理搭配,Sugar Utilization atPig Birth初生仔猪对糖的利用,Failure of Newborn Pig(2-day old)to Utilize Sucrose and Fructose新生仔猪(2日龄)利用蔗糖和果糖的死亡数对照,(Becker et al.,1954a),Failure of Newborn Pig(2-day old)to Utilize Sucrose and Fructose新生仔猪(2日龄)利用蔗糖和果糖的对照,(Becker et al.,1954a),*Wt.at death or trial termination
4、.,Sugar Utilization at Various Weaning Ages不同的断奶日龄对糖的利用,(Aherne et al.,1969),Intestinal Sucrase Activity in Baby Pigs(Bailey et al,1956)小猪肠蔗糖酶活性,(10-fold),(60-fold),(200-fold),Carbohydrase Activities in Neonatal Pigs is Diet Dependent新生仔猪的糖酶活性依赖日粮基础,NB=2d old,PC=pigs fed porcine colostrum,BCP=bovine
5、 colostrum+porcine plasma,MR=Milk ReplacerNB=2日龄 PC=母乳喂养的猪 BPC=牛初乳+猪血 MR=牛奶替代品,Jensen,et al,2001,Journal of Nutrition,131:3259-3265延森等人,2001,营养杂志,,mol/substrate hydrolyzed/min at 37C,Total Sucrase Activity in Jejunum of Pigs(fresh tissue basis)小猪空肠中总蔗糖酶活性(新鲜组织基础),Age of pigs,wks猪的周龄,O.Adeola and D.E
6、.King,2006 J.Anim.Sci.84:112-118,Plasma Fructose Concentration following Oral Dose of Either Sucrose,Fructose&Glucose in piglets at Age of 2,5,7,10,and 15 days在小猪日龄为2,5,7,10以及15天时口服蔗糖,果糖或者葡萄糖后血浆果糖浓度(Bird and Hartmann,1996,British J.of Nutrition 399-407),2 days,5 days,7 days,10 days,15 days,Plasma Fr
7、uctose Concentration following Oral Dose of Either Sucrose,Fructose&Glucose in piglets at Age of 2,5,7,10,and 15 days在小猪日龄为2,5,7,10以及15天时口服蔗糖,果糖或者葡萄糖后血浆果糖浓度(Bird and Hartmann,1996,British J.of Nutrition 399-407),Age,Days after Birth出生后天数蔗糖的相对消化能力,Research Summary 研究概述,Newborn piglets(2 day age)could
8、 not utilize sucrose and fructose to maintain their health and growth.新生仔猪(2日龄以下)不能利用蔗糖,果糖,以维持他们的健康和成长。Carbohydrate digestive enzyme system in piglets changes and develops rapidly after birth.小猪碳水化合物消化酶系统在出生会发生变化并且快速发展。At closer to 2 wks of age,piglets can efficiently utilize non-lactose carbohydrat
9、es as adequate energy sources.在接近2周龄时,仔猪可以有效地利用非乳糖类碳水化合物以提供足够的能量来源,Sugar Utilization atWeaning断奶仔猪对糖的利用,Typical Sow Milk Composition(DM basis)典型的母乳组成(干基),(Harrell&Odle,2003),Dried milk products(as a source of lactose and milk proteins)ease the transition from sows milk to dry nursery feeds.干燥乳制品(作为乳
10、糖和乳蛋白的来源)使小猪更易由母乳向干饲料过渡。Nearly 50%of the U.S.annual whey production goes to animal feeds.美国每年的乳清制品大约50%进入到了动物饲料 Of the whey going to animal feeds,approximately half is used in swine starters.进入动物饲料的乳清制品大约一半用于小猪开食料。,Lactose for Nursery Pigs乳糖对小猪的影响,Effect of Dried Whey Level on Performance of Weaned
11、Pigs干燥乳清粉添加量对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响作用,Pigs weaned at 14 days,weighing 4.4 kg.(Mahan,1984)14天断奶,断奶体重4.4公斤,Importance of lactose in pigstarter diets 乳糖在小猪开食料中的重要性,Readily available energy source.现成的能量来源。Enhances feed intake.提高采食量 Conversion of lactose to lactic acid in the gut.乳糖在肠道转化为乳酸。Influences intestinal mi
12、croflora populations.对群体肠道菌群的影响。Increases Ca absorption in small intestine 增加钙在小肠的吸收 Acidification increases protein digestion 酸化提高蛋白质的消化 Enhances integrity of intestinal villi and nutrient absorption.增强小肠绒毛的完整性和营养吸收。,Carbohydrate Comparison in 21-d Pigs21日龄断奶仔猪碳水化合物的应用比较(Sewell&Maxwell,1966),Weaned
13、 pigs at 21-days.21天断奶的猪 35-day feeding trial.35天饲喂试验 Purified isolated soy-glucose basal diet.大豆分离蛋白-葡萄糖基础日粮。,Carbohydrate Utilization in21-Day Old Weaned Pigs21天断奶仔猪对碳水化合物的利用,(Sewell&Maxwell,1966),a,a,b,Carbohydrate Utilization fromday 15 to 36*从15天到36天对糖水化合物的利用,(Mateo&Veum,1980),a,a,b,*Pigs fed p
14、urified isolated soy-carbohydrate diets.,Carbohydrate Comparison in 21-d Pigs(Jin et al.,AJAS,1998)21天断奶仔猪碳水化合物应用对照,Weaned pigs at 21-days(avg.=5.8 kg).21天断奶仔猪(平均体重=5.8kg)Complex,industry-typical diets.典型的商业复合日粮 Phase I(0-7 days);phase II(8-21 days).一阶段(0-7天);二阶段(8-21天)5 replicates of 5 pigs/pen.5个重
15、复每个重复5头猪,Experimental Diets(Jin et al.,AJAS,1998)实验日粮,Phase I Growth Performancein Pigs Weaned at 21-d21天断奶仔猪第一阶段的生长表现,(Jin et al.,1998),a,a,b,a,c,b,*Carbohydrates added at 20%in complex diets.,Research Summary实验总结,After Weaning(21 days of age),nursery pigs can utilize sucrose as well as lactose to
16、provide energy for body growth.断奶后(21日龄),仔猪可以像利用乳糖那样利用蔗糖做为身体增长的能量能源。However,sucrose may be a more effective source than glucose.Glucose is certainly better than starch.然而,蔗糖可能比葡萄糖具有更有效的来源。葡萄糖是当然比淀粉好。,Optimum Ratio of Lactose to Other Sugars乳糖与其他糖的最适比例,Optimum Lactose:Sucrose Ratio in 21-d Pigs(Jin e
17、t al.,AJAS,1998)21天猪最适乳糖蔗糖比例,Weaned pigs at 21-days(avg.=5.4 kg).21天断奶仔猪(平均体重=5.4kg)Complex,industry-typical diets(nearly identical to previous trial).典型的商业复合日粮(几乎跟前一测试日粮含量相同)Phase I(0-7 days);phase II(8-21 days).一阶段(0-7天);二阶段(8-21天)6 replicates of 8 pigs/pen.6个重复每个重复8头猪,Optimum Lactose/Sucrose Rati
18、o(ADG,phase I)最适的乳糖蔗糖比,(Jin et al.,1998),a,b,b,a,a,Effect of Replacing lactose with a Sugar Food Product in Nursery Pig Diets在小猪日粮中用糖类产品代替乳糖的效果,(Allee,Univ.of Missouri),734 newly Weaned pigs at 21-days(avg.=5.85 kg).734头在21天新断奶仔猪(平均体重=5.85公斤)Complex,industry-typical diets 典型的商业复合日粮5 diet treatment w
19、ith 20%lactose and 15%lactose in phase 1 and phase 2 diets respectively.在第一阶段和第二阶段分别用含有20%乳糖和含15%乳糖的5组日粮饲喂。Phase-1(0-10 days);phase-2(10-18 days);common phase-3(18-38 days).第一阶段(0到10天);第二阶段(10到18天);第三阶段(18-38天)RCBD with 7 replicate pens/treatment and 21 pigs/pen.7个重复每个重复21头猪,Dietary Lactose and Suga
20、r Levels(Phase 1&Phase 2)日两中乳糖和糖水平,Phase 1 diets第一阶段日粮组成,Phase 2 diets第二阶段日粮组成,Phase 1 Dietary Treatments第一阶段各处理组日粮,All diets contained 1.54 total Lys 所有日粮含有总的赖氨酸1.54,Phase 2 Dietary Treatments第二阶段各处理日粮,All diets contained 1.53 total Lys所有日粮含有总的赖氨酸1.53,F:G P 0.021;Linear P 0.001,b,b,b,ab,a,F:G P 0.0
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