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1、Shi Jing (Book of Odes) IntroductionChinese literature begins with ShiJing (Book of Odes), an anthology of songs, poems, and hymns. It consists of 311 poems (6 without text) dating from the Zhou Dynasty (1027-771 BC) to the Spring & Autumn Period (770-476 BC). Geographically, these poems were collec

2、ted from the area which is now central China and the lower HuangHe (Yellow River) Valley of north China where Chinese civilization began and flourished. The area covers what are today抯 ShanXi, ShanXi, ShanDong , HeNan, and HuBei provinces. The collection is divided into four main sections:1. GuoFeng

3、 (Lessons from the States): poems or folk songs from ordinary people. 2. XiaoYa (Minor Odes of the Kingdom): poems or songs concerning life of the nobility. 3. DaYa (Greater Odes of the Kingdom): poems or songs of praise of the rulers and their life. 4. Song (Odes of the Temple and the Altar): hymns

4、 written for religious ceremonies of the court. In spite of the many interpretations and commentaries written generations later, ShiJing抯 influence on Chinese literature is overwhelming and undeniable by any one at any time. ShiJing not only lays the foundation for the formation of style and rules f

5、or Chinese classical poems, it is also frequently quoted in other canonical Chinese texts and has always been referred to as moral truth and lessons. It is no coincidence that the number of poems selected by Sun Zhu in 1763 for his popular 300 Tang Poems was an exact match with that of the ShiJing.

6、This is just an example of how influential ShiJing is on Chinese literature even in the most trivial way. Poems collected in the anthology touch and reflect on all aspects of Chinese life at the time. Some describe emotion, feelings and situations of people from different classes of society, some re

7、port events and matters of state, some depict the harmonious rule of nature. There is record of about one hundred kinds of plants and trees and ninety kinds of animals and insects in ShiJing. Different kinds of musical instruments, metals, arms and munitions of war, buildings, clothing, food, etc. a

8、re frequently mentioned. Given the genuine and diverse nature of the poems collected in this anthology, in addition to its literary significance, ShiJing is a very valuable document for those who wish to seek insight into Chinese civilization and beyond. ShiJing has been translated into English by a

9、 number of prominent scholars since 18th century. The translation we use here is by James Legge (1814-1897) and have substituted his transliteration of Chinese names with PinYin. * This introduction is written by C. Ming Lung of Chiense Text Initiative. It is intended to providing some basic informa

10、tion on ShiJing to users, especially those who are new to this anthology. A short bibliographies is provided here:1. Wilt Idema and Lloyd Haft. A Guide to Chinese Literature, Ann Arbor: UMichigan Center for Chinese Studies, 1997 2. Victor H. Mair, editor. The Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chines

11、e Literature, New York: Columbia University, 1994 3. W. McNaughton. The Book of Songs, New York: Twain, 1971 *Translations:1. Arthur Waley. The Book of Songs: Translated by Arthur Waley, Edited with Additional Translations by Joseph R. Allen, New York: Grove Press, 1996 2. ShiJing: Translated by Yun

12、Zhong Xu, Edited by ShengZhang Jiang, Hunan, China: Hu Nan Chu Ban She, 1993 3. William Jennings. The Shi King: The Old Poetry Classic of the Chinese, New York: Paragon Book, 1969 4. Ezra Pound. The Classic Anthology Defined by Confucius, Cambridge: Harvard U Press, 1954 5. Bernhard Karlgren. The Bo

13、ok of Odes, Stockholm: The Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities, 1950Notes on TextsChinese text on this site is based on Shi Ji Zhuan by Zhu Xi. When a character is not found in the word processor we substituted with its synonym (TongYiZi or YiTiZi) after consulted CiHai and CiYuan. In very few cases w

14、hen no character is available at all, the components of the character are displayed in a note at the end of the poem. We did not place additional space between characters in the original text. Therefore, in order to make the line-wrap works for Chinese when viewing with Chinese software you still ne

15、ed to set fonts to Big5 on your Netscape or Microsoft Explorer browser. Shi Jing Book of Odes AnonymousCreation of machine-readable version: Xuepen Sun and Xiaoqian Zheng, University of Virginia Chinese Text Initiative Creation of digital images: Conversion to TEI.2-conformant markup: Xuepen Sun and

16、 Xiaoqian Zheng, Universit y of Virginia Chinese Text Initiative University of Virginia Library Charlottesville, VirginiaChinese, AnoShihPublicly-accessibleURL: http:/etext.lib.virginia.edu/chinese 1998Chinese Text InitiativeChinese characters which were not available in the Chinese word processor (

17、NJSta r) were substituted with synonymous characters. About the print version Shi Ji Zhuan Zhu XiZhong Hua Xue Yi She Shanghai1936Print copy consulted: in UVa Makiam collectionThe English translation text was taken from The Chinese Classics, vol. 4 by Jame s Legge (1898) and checked against a reprin

18、ted edition by Wen Zhi Zhe chu pan sh e (Taiwan, 1971). Transliteration of Chinese names in the English translation we re converted to PinYin from Legges own. Prepared for the University of Virginia Library Electronic Text Center. The images exist as archived TIFF images, one or more JPEG versions f

19、or general use, and thumbnail GIFs.Some keywords in the header are a local Electronic Text Center scheme to aid in establishing analytical groupings.English Chinese Revisions to the electronic version August 1998corrector Christine Ruotolo, Electronic Text Center Created TEI header; parsed text and

20、fixed tagging errors. etextcentervirginia.edu . Commercial use prohibited; all usage governed by our Conditions of Use: http:/etext.lib.virginia.edu/conditions.html 詩集傳序或有問予曰、詩何為而作也。予應之曰、人生而靜、 天之性也、感於物而動、 性之欲也 ?C夫既有欲矣、 則不能無思。 既有思矣、則不能無言。既有言矣、 則言之所不能盡、 爾?o於咨嗟詠歎之餘者、必有自然之音響節族音奏而不能已焉。 此詩之所以作也。曰、然則其所以教者何

21、也。曰、詩者、人心之感物而形於言之餘也。心之所感而邪正、故言之所形有是非。惟聖人在上、則其所感者無不正、而其言皆足以為教。其或感之之雜、而所發不能無可擇者、則上之人必思所以自反、而因有以勸懲之、是亦所以為教也。昔周盛之時、 上?菢未q朝廷而下達於鄉黨閭巷、其言粹然而不出於正者、 聖人固已協之聲律、而用之鄉人、用之邦國、以化天下。至於列國之詩、則天子巡狩、亦必陳而觀之、 以行黜陟之典。降自?L穆而後、寖以陵夷。至於東遷、而遂廢不講矣。孔子生於其時、既不得位、無以行勸黜陟?妞F、於是特舉其籍而討論之、去其重複、正其紛亂、而其善之不足以為法、惡之不足以為?椌怴B則亦刊而去之、以從簡約、示久遠、使夫學

22、者即是而有以考其得失、善者師之而惡者?鼤j。是以其正雖不足以行於一時、而其教實被於萬世、是則詩之所以為教者然也。曰、然?h國風雅頌之體、其不同若是、何也。曰、吾聞之、凡詩之所謂風者、多出於里巷歌謠之作?B所謂男女相與詠歌、各言其情者也。惟周南昭南親被文王之化以成德、而人皆有以得其性?坏縑B故其發於言者、樂而不過於淫、哀而不及於傷、是以而篇獨為風詩之正經。自邶而?U、則其國之治亂不同、人之賢否亦異、其所感而發者、有邪正是非之不齊、而所謂先王之?楫怴B於此焉變矣。若夫雅頌之篇、則皆成周之世、朝廷郊廟樂歌之辭、其語和而莊、其義?e而密、其作者往往聖人之徒、固所以為萬師法程而不可易者也。至於雅之變者、

23、亦皆一時?憭H君子、閔時病俗之所為、而聖人取之、其忠厚側怛之心、 陳善之意、尤非後世能言之士所能及之。此詩之為經、所以人事浹於天下、天道備於上、而無一理之不具也。曰、然則其學之也當奈何。曰、本之二南以求其端、參之列國以盡其變、正之於雅以大其規、和之於頌以要其止、此學詩之大旨也。於是乎章句以綱之、訓詁以紀之、諷詠以昌之、涵濡以體之、察之性情隱微之間、審之言行樞機之始、則修身及家、平均天下之道、 亦不待他求而得之?韟麂o。問者唯唯而退、余時方輯詩傳、因悉次是語以冠其篇云。淳熙四年丁酉冬十月戊子、新安朱熹序國風(LESSONS FROM THE STATES)國者、諸候所封之域、而風者、民俗歌謠之詩

24、也。謂之風者、以其被上之化以有言、而其言又足以感人、如物因風之動以有聲、而其聲又足以動物也。是以諸候采之以貢於天子、天子受之而列於樂官、於以考其俗尚之美惡、而知其政治之得失焉。舊說二南為正風、所以用之閨門鄉黨邦國而化天下也。 十三國為變風、則亦領在樂官、以時存肄、備觀省而垂監戎耳?B合之凡十五國云。周南(THE ODES OF ZHOU AND THE SOUTH)1.關睢GUAN SUI關關雎鳩、在河之洲。窈宨淑女、君子好逑。參差荇菜、左右流之。窈宨淑女、寤寐求之。求之不得、寤寐思服。悠哉悠哉、輾轉反側。參差荇菜、左右采之。窈宨淑女、琴瑟友之。參差荇菜、左右芼之。窈宨淑女、 鍾鼓樂之。Gua

25、n-guan go the ospreys , On the islet in the river . The modest , retiring , virtuous , young lady : - For our prince a good mate she . Here long , there short , is the duckweed , To the left , to the right , borne about by the current . The modest , retiring , virtuous , young lady : - Waking and sl

26、eeping , he sought her . He sought her and found her not , And waking and sleeping he thought about her . Long he thought ; oh ! long and anxiously ; On his side , on his back , he turned , and back again . Here long , there short , is the duckweed ; On the left , on the right , we gather it . The m

27、odest , retiring , virtuous , young lady : - With lutes , small and large , let us give her friendly welcome . Here long , there short , is the duckweed ; On the left , on the right , we cook and present it . The modest , retiring , virtuous , young lady : - With bells and drums let us show our deli

28、ght in her . 2.葛覃GE TAN葛之覃兮、施于中谷。維葉萋萋、黃鳥于飛。集于灌木、其鳴喈喈。葛之覃兮、施于中谷。維葉莫莫、是刈是濩。為絺為綌、服之無斁。言告師氏、言告言歸。薄污我私、薄澣我衣。害澣害否、歸寧父母 。How the dolichos spread itself out , Extending to the middle of the valley ! Its leaves were luxuriant ; The yellow birds flew about , And collected on the thickly growing trees , Their

29、pleasant notes resounding far . How the dolichos spread itself out , Extending to the middle of the valley ! Its leaves were luxuriant and dense . I cut it and I boiled it , And made both fine cloth and coarse , Which I will wear without getting tired of it . I have told the matron , Who will announ

30、ce that I am going to see my parents . I will wash my private clothes clean , And I will rinse my robes . Which need to be rinsed , which do not ? I am going back to visit my parents.3. 卷耳 JUAN ER 采采卷耳、不盈頃筐。嗟我懷人、寘彼周行。陟彼崔嵬、我馬虺隤。我姑酌彼金罍、維以不永懷。陟彼高岡、我馬玄黃。我姑酌彼兕觥、維以不永傷。陟彼砠矣、我馬瘏矣、我僕痡矣、云何吁矣。I was gathering a

31、nd gathering the mouse-ear , But could not fill my shallow basket . With a sigh for the man of my heart , I placed it there on the highway . I was ascending that rock-covered height , But my horses were too tired to breast it . I will now pour a cup from that gilded vase , Hoping I may not have to t

32、hink of him long . I was ascending that lofty ridge , But my horses turned of a dark yellow . I will now take a cup from that rhinoceros horn , Hoping I may not have long to sorrow . I was ascending that flat-topped height , But my horses became quite disabled , And my servants were also disabled .

33、Oh ! how great is my sorrow ! 4.樛木JIU MU南有樛木、葛藟纍之。樂只君子、福履綏之。南有樛木、葛藟荒之。樂只君子、福履將之。南有樛木、葛藟縈之。樂只君子、福履成之。In the south are trees with curved drooping branches , With the doliches creepers clinging to them . To be rejoiced in is our princely lady : - May she repose in her happiness and dignity ! In the sou

34、th are the trees with curved drooping branches , Covered by the dolichos creepers . To be rejoiced in is our princely lady : - May she be great in her happiness and dignity ! In the south are the trees with curved drooping branches , Round which the dolichos creepers twine . To be rejoiced in is our

35、 princely lady : - May she be complete in her happiness and dignity ! 5. 螽斯 ZHONG SI 螽斯羽、詵詵兮。宜爾子孫、振振兮。螽斯羽、薨薨兮。宜爾子孫、繩繩兮。螽斯羽、揖揖兮。宜爾子孫、蟄蟄兮。Ye locusts , winged tribes , How harmoniously you collect together ! Right is it that your descendants Should be multitudinous ! Ye locusts , winged tribes , How so

36、und your wings in flight ! Right is it that your descendents Should be as in unbroken strings ! Ye locusts , winged tribes , How you cluster together ! Right is it that your descendents Should be in swarms ! 6. 桃夭 TAO YAO桃之夭夭、灼灼其華。之子于歸、宜其家室。桃之夭夭、有蕡其實。之子于歸、宜其室家。桃之夭夭、其葉蓁蓁。之子于歸、宜其家人。The peach tree is y

37、oung and elegant ; Brilliant are its flowers . This young lady is going to her future home , And will order well her chamber and house . The peach tree is young and elegant ; Abundant will be its fruits . This young lady is going to her future home , And will order well her chamber and house . The p

38、each tree is young and elegant ; Luxuriant are its leaves . This young lady is going to her future home , And will order well her family . 7.兔罝TU JU肅肅兔罝、椓之丁丁。赳赳武夫、公侯干城。肅肅兔罝、施于中逵。赳赳武夫、公侯好仇。肅肅兔罝、施于中林。赳赳武夫、公侯腹心。Carefully adjusted are the rabbit nets ; Clang clang go the blows on the pegs . That stalwar

39、t , martial man Might be shield and wall to his prince . Carefully adjusted are the rabbit nets , And placed where many ways meet . That stalwart , martial man Would be a good companion for his prince . Carefully adjusted are the rabbit nets , And placed in the midst of the forest . That stalwart ,

40、martial man Might be head and heart to his prince . 8.芣苡FOU YI采采芣苡、薄言采之。采采芣苡、薄言有之。采采芣苡、薄言掇之。采采芣苡、薄言捋之。采采芣苡、薄言袺之。采采芣苡、薄言襭之。We gather and gather the plantains ; Now we may gather them . We gather and gather the plantains ; Now we have got them . We gather and gather the plantains ; Now we pluck the ea

41、rs . We gather and gather the plantains ; Now we rub out the seeds . We gather and gather the plantains ; Now we place the seeds in our skirts . We gather and gather the plantains ; Now we tuck out skirts under our girdles . 9.漢廣HAN GUANG南有喬木、不可休息。漢有游女、不可求思。漢之廣矣、不可泳思。江之永矣、不可方思。翹翹錯薪、言刈其楚。之子于歸、言秣其馬。漢之

42、廣矣、不可泳思。江之永矣、不可方思。翹翹錯薪、言刈其蔞 。之子于歸、言秣其駒 。漢之廣矣、不可泳思 。江之永矣、不可方思 。In the south rise the trees without branches , Affording no shelter . By the Han are girls rambling about , But it is vain to solicit them . The breath of the Han Cannot be dived across ; The length of the Jiang Cannot be navigated with a

43、 raft . Many are the bundles of firewood ; I would cut down the thorns to form more . Those girls that are going to their future home , - I would feed their horses . The breadth of the Han Cannot be dived across ; The length of the Jiang , Cannot be navigated with a raft . Many are the bundles of fi

44、rewood ; I would cut down the southern wood to form more . Those girls that are going to their future home , - I would feed their colts . The breadth of the Han Cannot be dived across ; The length of the Jiang Cannot be navigated with a raft . 10.汝墳RU FEN遵彼汝墳、伐其條枚。未見君子、惄如調飢。遵彼汝墳、伐其條肆。既見君子、不我遐棄。魴魚赬尾、

45、王室如燬 。雖則如燬、父母孔邇 。Along those raised banks of the Ru , I cut down the branches and slender stems . While I could not see my lord , I felt as it were pangs of great hunger . Along those raised banks of the Ru , I cut down the branches and fresh twigs . I have seen my lord ; He has not cast me away . T

46、he bream is showing its tail all red ; The royal House is like a blazing fire . Though it be like a blazing fire , Your parents are very near . 11.麟之趾LIN ZHI ZHI麟之趾、振振公子。于嗟麟兮。麟之定、振振公姓。于嗟麟兮。麟之角、振振公族。于嗟麟兮。The feet of the Lin : - The noble sons of our prince , Ah ! they are the Lin ! The forehead of th

47、e Lin : - The noble grandsons of our prince , Ah ! they are the Lin ! The horn of the Lin : - The noble kindred of our prince , Ah ! they are the Lin ! 召南(THE ODES OF SHAO AND THE SOUTH)12.鵲巢QUE CHAO維鵲有巢、維鳩居之。之子于歸、百兩御之。維鵲有巢、維鳩方之。之子于歸、百兩將之。維鵲有巢、維鳩盈之。之子于歸、百兩成之。The nest is the magpies ; The dove dwells in it . This young lady is going to her future home ; A hundred carriages are meeting her . The nest is the magpies ; The dove possesses it . This young lady is going to her future home ; A hundred carriages are escorting her . The nest is