复合听写解题技巧CompoundDictation.ppt

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1、Section CCompound Dictation,一、题型简介二、命题规律三、考查要点四、解题步骤五、应对技巧六、纠错补漏,一、题型,200-250 words10 blanks:7 words+3 long sentences,二、命题规律,1.在选材上，复合式听写多为说明文或议论文，涉及科普、经济、社会、历史、文化等多方面，且其观点鲜明、条理清楚。这为考生准确捕捉所需信息提供了语境条件。2.在设题上，所需填写信息虽然都是未知信息，但这些信息彼此并不是孤立的，而是从文章里挑选出来的。也就是说，未知信息是和已知信息联系在一起的，这为考生通过已知信息推断未知信息提供了可能。,3.在考查的时

2、间上，尽管本题每部分的每一个小题留出的填写时间是固定的、有限的，但在播放考试内容前要播放本题的考试指令部分。而且除了给定答题时间的第二遍之外，还用正常语速播放两遍，这些时间都是可以利用的。4.在考查的难度上，虽然本题型的第二部分要求填写的内容较长，但并不要求考生把听到的内容一字不差地写下来，考生只需把听到的内容的大意用自己的语言组织出来即可，这在一定程度上降低了听写的难度。,三、考查要点,1.不仅考听的能力，还考信息记录和内 容概括的能力。2.不仅考单词和句子，而且考语法。3.不仅考词义，而且考词性。4.不仅考单句，而且考句与句之间的逻 辑关系。,四、解题步骤,听前:浏览预测,关注所给材料的首

3、尾部分，做到：1.掌握篇章大意,对全文进行全局性预览,尤其是第一句(topic)最后一句(conclusion)2.观察空格前后的特殊现象，判断单词的词性、单复数、时态和语态；3.根据上下文推测所填单词的可能词意；4.根据上下文及短文主要内容推测句子可能陈 述的内容。,In this section,you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time,you should listen carefully for its general idea.抓住主要信息+适当填空加笔记忌：为了某一

4、个词而造成意识上的暂时停顿，破坏对整句或整段的理解。,When the passage is read for the second time,you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard.For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks,you can either use the

5、 exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.,第二遍：填空用缩略语和简单符号在有限的时间内记录下更多的内容。应有选择地记笔记，抓住关键词。,Finally,when the passage is read for the third time,you should check what you have written.第三遍:查缺补漏,听前：浏览预测听时：-第一遍:理解(主)+适量笔记-第二遍:填空-第三遍：查缺补漏听后：通篇检查,五、应对技巧,如何速记,1 主要记实词，省略

6、虚词.如：如冠词，助动词，介词等 2 遇到词组记每个单词首字母如breakdown就记作BD，但一定要自己看得懂的 3 长单词记前三个字母如：experience就记作exp 4 符号记忆如：morethan就记作”lessthan记作“”equalto记作“=”等等,如何速记,5 混合记忆就是把上面几种方法混合起来用，还可以夹杂中文字等等 6 随便记忆如果实在一时想不出是什么词，就用拼音，音标或者读音相近的词先把他记下来。总之就是不管对错，先把大致读音记下来再说，然后等有时间再慢慢研究。7 无论采取何种记录方法最重要的原则是记得自己看得懂，待会能很方便的回想和复原出来。不要记得到时候自己也想

7、不起来是什么东西。,短文听写类似于完形填空,因此可以利用完形填空技巧，通过空格前后的语法结构、近义或反义复现等卷面材料所提供的已知信息来预测空格处的未知信息,从而提高答题的针对性,减少盲目。,(1).利用语法结构进行预测一般来说,一个完整的句子中只会空出1-2单词.因此,根据句子的主谓搭配、动宾搭配、修饰关系、并列关系以及虚似、倒装等语法结构关系,可以先推测出所填词的词性及形式。,1.填词,e.g.1Around 120 years ago,Ebbinghaus began his study of memory.He(36)on studying how quickly the human

8、mind can remember(37).预测36空所填词应是句子的谓语动词,He指代前句中的Ebbinghaus,前句使用了一般过去时,本句也应该使用一般过去时,故所填词应为动词过去式.37空前面的动词remember为vt.,故所填词应为名词，充当宾语。答案 concentrated,information,e.g.2 11-6-42&43Albert Einstein(42)this in 1905,when he(43)the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity.预测 分析句子结构可

9、知，42空所填词应为所在句的谓语动词。空后的in 1905表明时态为过去时，故42空所填动词应使用过去式形式。43空所填词也应为所在句的谓语动词,与前一空一样,该空所填动词也应使用过去式形式.答案 predicted,introduced,(2)利用语义的连贯,根据上下文中的关键词语,尤其是空格前后的内容,我们可以大致推测出空格处单词或句子可能的意思.,e.g.3 10-12-43Students are e-mailing their professors to receive and discuss their classroom assignments and to(43)them.预测

10、空前的不定式符号to提示,所填词应为动词原形。分析前后句意可知，此处讲的是学生们通过发邮件给教授的方式来达到哪些目的，讨论课堂作业是其中一项。空前的宾语them指代assignments从前后的语义连贯性来分析，收到作业、讨论作业、完成作业以后，最后应该是“提交”作业。答案 submit,e.g.4.06-6-40The ideal person is punctual and is of other peoples time.预测句子结构：并列句搭配：be of 答案 considerate,e.g.5.11-06-38If you could move at the speed of li

11、ght,your time would stand still.If you could move faster than light,your time would move(38).预测分析句子结构可知,空格所在句子不缺少主干成分,故所填词很可能为副词.前句提到,以光速移动,时间将停滞,故本句很可能是说,速度超过光速,时间将“倒流”.答案 backwards,e.g.6.06-06-36 For Americans,time is money.They say,“You only get so much time in this life;youd better use it wisely

12、.”The(36)will not be better than the past or present,as Americans are trained to see things,unless people use their time for constructive activities.,(3)从逻辑衔接中寻找线索,根据上下文及句际间的逻辑关系(如并列、转折、因果等),可以推测出空格处单词或句子可能的含义(主要通过连接词、介词短语和副词来判断).,e.g.7 03-1-S3Over-fishing,(S2)with destructive fishing practices,is k

13、illing off the fish and(S3)their environment.预测由and可知,所填词应与killing off并列,形式上应为现在分词,含义上也应与kill相照应,再结合主语over-fishing和destructive,此处应表示对环境造成“破坏性/毁坏性”的影响.答案 ruining.,e.g.8 10-12-40It is cheaper than calling long distance,and a lot more(40)than waiting until Sunday for the telephone(41)to drop.预测 分析句子结构可

14、知,more(40)与cheaper为并列关系,故40空所填词应为多音节形容词,而且应该与cheaper也属于褒义词.41空所填词应为介词for宾语的中心词,telephone是用来限定所填词的;而前半句中的cheaper和空后的drop表明,本空所填词可能与“费用”有关.答案 convenient,rates,(4)注意上下文的词汇照应在同一语境中寻找能够与所缺单词构成近义、反义或上义等复现或照应关系的词语，从而推测出所缺单词可能的形式或含义。近义词或反义词的出现常伴有表示并列或转折关系的信号词。,e.g.9.08-6-38Physical labor,raw materials,and c

15、apital are no longer the key ingredients in the creation of wealth.Now the(38)raw material in our economy is knowledge.预测空格前一句是说原材料和资本在财富的创造过程中不再是key(关键的)，由此可推测空格所在句应该是说现在在我们经济中起“关键”作用的是知识，所填词应该与前一句中的key构成近义复现.答案 vital,e.g.11-06-41 Although no form of matter yet discovered moves as fast as or faster

16、 than light,scientific experiments have already confirmed that accelerated(41)_ causes a travelers time to be stretched.答案 motion,运动,(5)注意是否为固定搭配做题时需要留意所填词与其前后词语是否构成固定搭配或习惯表达，并以此推测所填词可能的形式和含义。,e.g.11.08-6-40Knowledge workers get paid for their education and their ability to learn.Knowledge workers(4

17、0)in mind work.分析 成分：谓语动词语义：搭配：in work语法：一般现在时,e.g.12.09-6-38One result of his research is known as the total time hypothesis(假设),which simply means the amount you learn(38)on the time you spend trying to learn it.预测 分析句子结构可知,所填词在句中充当谓语动词,并能够与on构成合理搭配,此处是阐述“学习的量”和“学习花费的时间”的关系.答案 depends,e.g.13.10-6-

18、40Already,by paying close attention to and(40)with the world and people around him,and without any school-type formal instruction,he has done a task far more difficult,complicated and abstract than anything he will be asked to do in school,or than any of his teachers has done for years.预测空前的and提示,所填

19、词应与paying并列,故也应为动名词;所填词还应能与with构成合理搭配.答案 interacting,句子听写,句子听写方法,1.原句照搬法如何处理听到的句子呢？最简单的办法就是照搬原句。播放第二遍录音时，单句听写空白后留有较长的时间停顿，只要精力集中，完全可以把原句听写出来。要诀在于：记录过程要流畅，不要拘泥于个别词的拼写。如出现拼写障碍，可以先记下前几个字母，待全部内容记录完再继续思考。,2.关键词提炼法,按照意群，用关键词把每个意群的大意记录下来，然后组成完整的句子。每个意群的关键词包括中心词和重要修饰语等。意群之间的关联成分，可以在最后组合句子时补充。,3.同义替换法,当句子中出现

20、写不出来的单词时，可以考虑用简单的同义词替换。,1)The train is behind the schedule.late2)Therell be another bus in two or three minutes.soon.3)Jane is counting the days to go home for the summer.is eager,六、查漏补缺,1.单词拼写：(1)注意不发音的字母：island,honor,doubt,comb,exhausted,exhibition(2)一个音节之中注意元音的拼写:separate,relevant,apparent,conven

21、ient independence,attendance(3)单词各音节间的辅音字母注意是否双写:success,process,necessary,recommend.(4)副词结尾的ly completely,truly,wholly,容易拼错的词,campaign,species,apparent,calendar,category,changeable,committed,conscious,definitely,discipline,equipment,exceed,guarantee,leisure，license,noticeable,occasionally,possessio

22、n,referred,recommend,restaurant,relevant,separate,independence,2.名词的单复数(1)空格前若有a,an,则所填词为：(2)空格前若有few,a few,many,a good(great)many,a number of 等，则所填词为：(3)空格前若有much,little,a little,a great deal of,an amount of 等，则所填词为：,(4)空格前若有some,any,a lot of,plenty of,a quantity of,masses of 等，则所填词可能为单数也有可能为复数。(5)

23、以“o”结尾的名词的复数形式？tomato,potato,negro,hero,volcano,echo黑人英雄站在火山上吃番茄和土豆，听见了回音。,3.动词：时态：过去、现在、将来语态：主动、被动注：常考动词的一般现在时的第三人称单数，过去式和过去分词形式。esp.注意不规则动词的过去式和过去分词。e.g.LieDont lie to me.He is lying.I lied a lie to her.I,4.大小写问题：专有名词，句子开头5.句子：检查是否有漏词esp.介词(in,on,at)，冠词(a,an,the)，代词(it,this,that),ex.10-06,36.curio

24、us37.figuring38.independent39.unusual,40.interacting41.formal42.abstract43.mystery,44.he has found out how it works and learnt to use it appropriately.45.by trying it out and seeing whether it works,by gradually changing it and refining it until it does work.46.including many of the concepts that the schools think only they can teach him,