The Reproductive System:生殖系统.ppt
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1、Chapter 31,The Reproductive System,PowerPoint presentation to accompany:Medical AssistingThird EditionBooth,Whicker,Wyman,Pugh,Thompson,31-2,Learning Outcomes,31.1List the organs of the male reproductive system and give the locations,structures,and functions of each.31.2Describe how sperm cells are
2、formed.31.3Describe the substances found in semen.31.4Describes the process of erection and ejaculation.,31-3,Learning Outcomes(cont.),31.5List the actions of testosterone.31.6Describe the causes,signs and symptoms,and treatment of various disorders of the male reproductive system.31.7List the organ
3、s of the female reproductive system and give the locations,structures,and functions of each.31.8Explain how ova develop.,31-4,Learning Outcomes(cont.),31.9List the actions of estrogen and progesterone.31.10Explain how and when ovulation occurs.31.11Describe what happens to an ovum after ovulation oc
4、curs.31.12List the purpose and events of the menstrual cycle.31.13Define menopause and explain what causes it.,31-5,Learning Outcomes(cont.),31.14Describe the causes,signs and symptoms,and treatments of various disorders of the female reproductive system.31.15Explain how and where fertilization occu
5、rs.31.16Describe the process of implantation.31.17Explain the difference between an embryo and a fetus.,31-6,Learning Outcomes(cont.),31.18Describe the changes that occur in a woman during pregnancy.31.19List several birth control methods and explain why they are effective.31.20List the causes of an
6、d treatments for infertility.31.21Describe the causes,signs and symptoms,and treatments of the most common sexually transmitted diseases.,31-7,Introduction,Male and female reproductive systems Function together to produce offspring Female reproductive system nurtures developing offspring Produce imp
7、ortant hormones,31-8,Male Reproductive System,TestesPrimary organsDevelop in the abdominal pelvic cavity of fetusDescend into scrotal sac shortly before or after birthProduce the male sex cells(sperm)Produce the male hormone testosterone,Scrotum sac that holds the testesSeminiferous tubulesOn top of
8、 testesFilled with spermatogenic cells that produce sperm cellsInterstitial cells produce testosterone,31-9,Male Reproductive System,Name the structures that are unique to the male reproductive system.,31-10,Male Reproductive System(cont.),Spermatogonia(46 chromosomes),Mitosis makes primary spermato
9、cytes,Undergo meiosis two secondary spermatocytes,Divides two spermatids=4 spermatids,Develop flagella to become mature sperm cells with 23 chromosomes,Spermatogenesis,31-11,Male Reproductive System(cont.),Sperm cellsHeadNucleus with 23 chromosomesAcrosome enzyme-filled sac Helps sperm penetrate ovu
10、mMidpieceMitochrondria that generate cells energy,TailFlagellum that propels sperm forward,31-12,Back,31-13,Male Reproductive System:Internal Accessory Organs,Epididymis Sits on top of each testisReceives spermatids from seminiferous tubulesSpermatids become sperm cellsVas deferensTube connected to
11、epididymisCarries sperm cells to urethra,Seminal vesicleSecreteFluid rich in sugar used to make energyProstaglandins stimulate muscular contractions in female to propel sperm forwardSeminal fluid Released into vas deferens just before ejaculation60%of semen volume,31-14,Prostate gland Surrounds uret
12、hraProduces and secretes a milky,alkaline fluid into urethra just before ejaculationFluid protects sperm in the acidic environment of the vagina40%of semen,Bulbourethral(Cowpers)glandsProduce a mucus-like fluidSecreted just before ejaculationLubricates end of penisSemenAlkaline mixtureNutrientsProst
13、oglandins1.5 to 5.0 ml per ejaculateSperm count of 40 to 250 million/ml,Internal Accessory Organs,Male Reproductive System:Internal Accessory Organs(cont.),31-15,ScrotumHolds testes away from bodyTemperature 1 below body temperatureLined with serous membrane that secrets fluidTestes move freely,Peni
14、sShaft Erectile tissues surround urethraGlans penisCone-shaped structure on end of penisPrepuce Skin covering glans penis in uncircumcised malesFunctionsDeliver spermUrination,Male Reproductive System:Internal Accessory Organs(cont.),31-16,Male Reproductive System:Erection,Orgasm,and Ejaculation,Ere
15、ctionParasympathetic nervous system stimulates erectile tissue Become engorged with bloodOrgasmSperm cells propelled out of testes into urethraSecretions from accessory organs also released into urethraEjaculationSemen is forced out of urethraSympathetic nerves then stimulate erectile tissue to rele
16、ase blood Penis returns to flaccid state,31-17,Male Reproductive System:Hormones,HypothalamusGonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)Stimulates anterior pituitary to releaseFollicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)initiates spermatogenesisLuteinizing hormone(LH)stimulates interstitial cells in the testes to pro
17、duce testosteroneTestosteroneSecondary sex characteristicsMaturation of male reproductive organsRegulated by negative feedback,31-18,Apply Your Knowledge,Matching:_ VasectomyA.Spermatogenesis_ Mixture of sperm and fluidsB.Testes_ Sperm cell formationC.Penis_ Secrete alkaline fluid/prostaglandinsD.Va
18、s deferens_ Produce testosteroneE.Hypothalamus_ GnRH F.Semen_ Erectile tissueG.Seminal vesicle,G,E,F,A,C,B,Correct!,31-19,Diseases and Disorders of the Male Reproductive System,31-20,Diseases and Disorders of the Male Reproductive System,31-21,Apply Your Knowledge,Your patient has an elevated PSA.Wh
19、at is a PSA and what does it indicate?,ANSWER:The PSA is a prostate-specific antigen in the blood.Elevations of the PSA may indicate prostate cancer.,Bravo!,31-22,Female Reproductive System:Ovaries and Ovum Formation,Ovaries(2)Primary sex organs produceSex cells called ovaHormones estrogen and proge
20、sterone Located in the pelvic cavity Medulla Inner area;contains nerves,lymphatic vessels,and blood vesselsCortexOuter area;contains ovarian follicles Covered by epithelial and dense connective tissues,31-23,Female Reproductive System,Name the structures that are unique to the female reproductive sy
21、stem.,31-24,Primordial follicles develop before birth and containA primary oocyte or immature ovum(born with maximum number)Follicular cells,Oogenesis is the process of ovum formationAt puberty,primary oocytes are stimulated to continue meiosisBecomes 1 polar body(a nonfunctional cell)and A secondar
22、y oocyteSecondary oocyte released during ovulationIf fertilized,the oocyte divides to form a mature,fertilized ovum,Female Reproductive System:Ovaries and Ovum Formation(cont.),31-25,Female Reproductive System:Internal Accessory Organs,Fallopian tube oviductInfundibulum and fimbriaeFringed,expanded
23、end of fallopian tube near ovaryFunction to“catch”an ovum Muscular tube Lined with mucous membrane and ciliaPropels ovum toward uterus,31-26,UterusHollow,muscular organReceives embryo and sustains its developmentDivisionsFundus domed upper portionBody main portionCervix narrow,lower section extendin
24、g into vagina(cervical orifice),Wall of uterusEndometriumInnermost liningVascularTubular glands mucusMyometrium Middle,thick,muscular layerPerimetriumThin layer covering the myometriumSecretes serous fluid to coat and protect uterus,Female Reproductive System:Internal Accessory Organs(cont.),31-27,V
25、aginaTubular,muscular organExtends from uterus to outside body(vaginal introitus)Muscular folds rugae enable expansionReceive erect penisPassage for delivery of offspring and uterine secretionsWallInnermost mucosal layerMiddle muscular layerOuter fibrous layer,Female Reproductive System:Internal Acc
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