移植免疫进展.ppt
《移植免疫进展.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《移植免疫进展.ppt(70页珍藏版)》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、一、概述 二、同种移植的识别机制 三、移植排斥反应的类型 四、移植排斥反应的防治原则,移 植 免 疫,器官移植简史,人类对器官移植的研究始于19世纪末叶1954年Murray同卵双生姐妹肾移植1956年骨髓移植1959年异卵双生同胞肾移植1962年第一例尸体肾移植1974年我国第一例肾移植,Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1912,Alexis Carrel(France)Work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs,Nobel Prize in
2、 Physiology or Medicine 1960,Peter Brian Medawar(1/2)Discovery of acquired immunological tolerance The graft reaction is an immunity phenomenon 1950s,induced immunological tolerance to skin allografts in mice by neonatal injection of allogeneic cells,Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980,George
3、 D.Snell(1/3),Jean Dausset(1/3)Discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions H-genes(histocompatibility genes),H-2 gene Human transplantation antigens(HLA)-MHC,Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988,Gertrude B.Elion(1/3),George
4、 H.Hitchings(1/3)Discoveries of important principles for drug treatment Immunosuppressant drug(The first cytotoxic drugs)-azathioprine,Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1990,Joseph E.Murray(1/2)Discoveries concerning organ transplantation in the treatment of human disease In 1954,the first succe
5、ssful human kidney transplant was performed between twins in Boston.Transplants were possible in unrelated people if drugs were taken to suppress the bodys immune reaction,(一)基本概念,移植物(graft)被移植的细胞、组织或器官 供者(donor)提供移植物的个体 受者(recipient)接受移植物的个体,自体移植(autologous graft)移植物取自受者自身。同系移植/同基因移植(syngeneic graf
6、t)遗传背景完全相同的两个个体间移植。同种异基因移植(allogeneic graft)同种不同个体间的移植。异种移植(xenogeneic graft)不同种属个体间的移植。,(二)分类,移 植 的 类 型,Type of transplantation,Autologous transplantation Dornor:self no rejectionSyngeneic transplantation Dornor:twin or inbred animal no rejectionAllogeneic transplantation Dornor:allogeneic individu
7、al rejectionXenogeneic transplantation Dornor:from another species rejection,移植物种类Types of transplant,Most basic-cells e.g.blood transfusion(only 4 major ABO and 2 Rh types)transplant of non-vascular e.g.cornealsolid organ-vascularised e.g.heart,kidney,一、概述 二、同种移植的识别机制 三、移植排斥反应的类型 四、移植排斥反应的防治原则 四、移植
8、耐受的诱导途径五、母胎耐受,移 植 免 疫,共同点 Memory Specificity self-nonself discrimination 不同点 抗原为移植抗原,(一)移植排斥反应是免疫应答,Menu,F,B,同种排斥反应的初次排斥和再次排斥,1st set versus 2nd set reactions,(二)T 细胞是介导排斥反应的关键,T cells play primary role in 1st and 2nd set rejection reactionsNude mice accept allograftsB cell deficient mice reject all
9、ograftsT cell transfer,排斥反应能够通过T细胞被动转移,Role of CD4+versus CD8 T+cells,主要组织相容性抗原HLA系统(HLA-类和类抗原)次要组织相容性抗原mH(引起较弱的排斥反应)红细胞血型抗原 组织特异性抗原,(三)引起同种移植排斥反应的抗原,Menu,F,B,次要组织相容性抗原(mHC)也能引起排斥反应,(四)T细胞的识别机制,T细胞识别一般抗原的机制MHC限制性 T细胞识别移植抗原机制?直接识别(direct recognition)间接识别(indirect recognition),Two Types of Alloantigen
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 移植 免疫 进展

链接地址:https://www.31ppt.com/p-2904914.html