急性肾小球肾炎讲课.ppt
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1、1,suffered from tonsillitis,after 10 days,an eight-year-old boy,case,hematuria,edema,Childs,mothers,2,?,3,郑州大学第一附属医院儿内科,急性肾小球肾炎Acute glomerulonephritis,AGN,4,To be familiar with the etiology of AGNTo be familiar with the pathogenesis of AGNTo master the clinical manifestation of AGNTo master the dia
2、gnosis and treatment of AGNTo be familiar with the course and prognosis of AGN,purpose and requirement,急性肾小球肾炎,5,指一组病因不一,临床表现为急性起病,多有前期感染,以血尿为主,伴不同程度的蛋白尿,可有水肿.高血压或肾功能不全等特点的肾小球疾病。,introduction,急性肾小球肾炎,水肿 edema少尿 oliguria 血尿 hematuria高血压 hypertension,6,introduction,急性肾小球肾炎,绝大多数为A组溶血性链球菌感染后所致,称之为acute
3、poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis(APSGN)。514岁儿童好发。其中以上呼吸道感染和扁桃体炎最常见,占51%,脓皮病或皮肤感染次之,占25.8%。,7,其他如葡萄球菌、肺炎球菌、麻疹病毒、流感病毒及腮腺炎病毒也可引起急性肾炎,但较少见。,绝大多数为A组溶血性链球菌的某些致肾炎菌株(nephritogenic streptococci)感染后所致。,M蛋白肾炎菌株协同蛋白内链球菌素,致肾炎菌株的抗原成分,8,pathogenesis,急性肾小球肾炎,循环免疫复合物 circulating immune complexes原位免疫复合物 insitu im
4、mune complexes自身免疫 autoimmunization 链球菌神经氨酸酶(neuraminidase,NM),细胞免疫 cellular immunity非免疫因素(如激肽释放酶和前列腺素),自身抗原,9,pathogenesis,急性肾小球肾炎,Inflammation infection,10,急性肾小球肾炎,pathology,AGN病理模式图,proliferation of both endothelial and mesangial cell Infiltration of leukocytes antigen antibody complex deposits(h
5、umps)in the subepithelial space,Characteristic of pathology,11,急性肾小球肾炎,pathology,PASM-HE染色 400 正常,12,pathology,急性肾小球肾炎,13,pathology,急性肾小球肾炎,14,急性肾小球肾炎,pathogenesis,antigen antibody complex,complementcytokine,15,clinical manifestation,急性肾小球肾炎,前驱感染(prodrome)-呼吸道感染和皮肤感染 tonsillitis/cutaneous infection,
6、*不同感染所致APSGN的差异,Summer,autumn,Winter,spring,season,49,55,57,12,1,4,serotype of streptococci,respiratory tract infection,cutaneous infection,16,最早出现和最常见的症状 下行性 非凹陷性,急性肾小球肾炎,typical manifestation-水肿 edema,clinical manifestation,Edema is the most frequent and sometimes the only clinical finding.It may
7、be either local or generalized.,17,急性肾小球肾炎,typical manifestation-尿量减少oliguria or anuria,clinical manifestation,*各年龄期正常尿量及少尿/无尿的标准(单位:ml/d),18,microscopic hematuria,急性肾小球肾炎,typical manifestation-血尿 hematuria,clinical manifestation,gross hematuria,19,高血压判断,typical manifestation-高血压 hypertension,Hypert
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