英语时态详解.ppt

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1、英语时态,English Tense,2,过去,将来,进行,完成,一般过去时,一般现在时,一般将来时,一般过去将来时,过去进行时,现在进行时,将来进行时,过去将来进行时,过去完成时,现在完成时,将来完成时,过去将来完成时,现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,现在,4,5,6,时态概述,时:表示动作发生的时间现在、过去、将来和过去将来.,态:表示动作进行到何种程度一般动作、进行动作、完成动作和完成进行动作.,7,一、一般现在时态,一般现在时的基本用法,用法1:表示经常发生的习惯性的动作或者存在的状态.,He often goes to the gym.I like the rice for dinn

2、er.He doesnt work hand.,形式:do 或does(第三人称单数),此用法常与一些表示动作频率的时间副词连用(副词放在be动词之后,实义动词之前).1)表示肯定的频率副词:always,frequently,usually,sometimes,often,occasionally,generally 等.2)表示否定的频率副词:never,seldom,rarely 等.,He always goes to school by bike.,8,用法2:表示不受时间限制的事实陈述或客观性的真理.,The earth moves around the sun.The sun r

3、ises in the east and sets in the west.Knowledge is power.,一、一般现在时态,一般现在时的基本用法,用法3:有时用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作.,Here comes your friend.There goes our bus;well have to wait for the next one.,用在以there或here开头的句中,表示目前短暂的动作.,9,用法4:有时用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作.,一、一般现在时态,一般现在时的基本用法,Please let me know when he comes back.What are

4、 you going to do when you leave school.Ill give the book to him as soon as I see him.Ill be glad if she comes over to visit me.,主要用在条件状语从句(if,unless)和时间状语从句(when,as soon as,befor,after,etc.)中,表示将来动作.,10,二、一般过去时态,一般过去时的基本用法,用法1:表示过去时间所发生的动作或存在的状态.,形式:did,He was late for school this morning.I bought t

5、his computer three years ago.I was tired last night,so I went to bed early.,用法2:表示过去一段时间一直持续或反复发生的动作.,He used to do morning exercises.I lived in the country for ten years.He took a walk after supper when he was alive.,11,三、一般将来时态,一般将来时的基本用法,用法1:表示预测将要发生某事,用will或be going to do.,形式:will do 或be going t

6、o do,be going to 特别意指根据目前的明显迹象来推断某件事要发生;will 则只是表名说话人认为或相信某件事要发生.be going to 通常用来表示说话人预期所说的事件马上或在相当近的将来就要发生;will 所表示的动作发生的时间可近可远.,Look at this black clouds!Its going to rain.I feel terrible,I think Im going to be sick.The bridge will collapse.The bridge is going to collapse.,12,三、一般将来时态,一般将来时的基本用法,用

7、法2:表示行动计划时用be going to do;表示意愿时用will.,be going to 表示说话人对未来行动的计划或打算,通常是事先考虑并含有已经为这一行动作了某些准备的意思.will 表示意愿,则表示在说话的时刻立即做出的决定,表明将去做某事,并没有经过事先考虑,更没有为这一活动做出事先准备.,I have bought a computer and Im going to learn the computer science.Someone is knocking at the door.Ill go and open it.-I am thirsty.-I will make

8、 you a hot cup of tea.,四:过去将来时,含义:过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态,常用于宾语从句 中判断这种时态的依据是:要有表示过去的“动作”,而不是时间。如:I heard that they were going to return to Shanghai soon.我听说他们不久要回到上海 例句：1)He said he would come to see me.2)He told me he would go to Beijing.3)She said she was going to st

9、art off at once.4)I was told that he was going to return home.5)It seemed as if it was going to rain.,13,形式:was/were going to do;would/should+V 原形,过去将来时用法:从过去看将来,例句：He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。She told me she was coming to see me.她告诉我她要来看我,14,过去将来时注意1：come，g

10、o，leave，arrive，start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时,I DIDNT KNOW WHEN SHE WOULD COME，BUT WHEN SHE CAME I WOULD LET YOU KNOW.我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。THE TEACHER SAID THAT IT WOULD BE VERY DIFFICULT TO MAKE PROGRESS IF I DIDNT WORK HARD.老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步,过去将来时注意2：条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时,15,五、现在进行时态,现在进行时的基本用

11、法,用法1:表示说话此刻动作正在进行.,形式:am/is/are+doing,He is not available now.he is talking on the phone.Please dont make so much noise.I am studying.,用法2:表示现阶段正在持续的动作,说话时刻动作不一定正在发生.,These days I am translating a book.I am feeding the neighbors cat this week while shes in hospital.Mr.Green is writing another novel

12、.,16,五、现在进行时态,现在进行时的基本用法,用法3:表示最近的将来一定的安排.通常含有“计划”,“安排做”之意.,I am taking a makeup test tomorrow.what are you doing on Saturday night?Im doing some shopping with Jane.,用法4:常与always,forever,continually,constantly 等连用,表示抱怨,厌烦,不合情理或使人不愉快的事.,Hes always messing up the kitchen.Hes continually asking me for

13、money.,17,六、过去进行时态,过去进行时的基本用法,用法1:用来描述一个过去特定的时刻正在发生的事情.,形式:was/were+doing,I was discussing my thesis with my director at this time last night.,用法2:常与一般过去时配合使用.此时,过去进行时通常表示一个历时较长的体系”背景”的动作或状态;而一般过去时则表示此”背景”下发生的短暂的动作或状态.过去进行时动作先发生,一般过去时动作后发生.,I was watching TV when the phone rang.I cut my finger when

14、I was cooking the dinner last night.,18,七、将来进行时态,将来进行时的基本用法,用法1:表示将来某一特定的时刻正在进行的动作.,形式:will be doing,Ill be lying on a beach in Sanya this time tomorrow.Wait until sever oclock so that they wont still be eating.Dont call me at nine tomorrow because I will be studying at the library.,八：过去将来进行时,含义：过去将

15、来进行时表示就过去某一时间而言，将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。主要用于宾语从句中，尤其多用于间接引语中用法1：主要用于宾语从句中,尤其多用于间接引语中Eg:They said they would be coming.他们说了他们将要来。(用于间接引语中）He asked me what I should be doing six oclock tomorrow.他问我次日六点将正在做什么。(用于间接引语中）The new job he would be taking was raising racing horses.他将要接受的新工作是养赛马。（用于定语从句中）用法2：过去将来进

16、行时可以表示在过去某一时间之后即将进行的动作 eg:He said that he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他说他不能来因为要开会。,19,形式：would(should)be+Ving,用法3：表示在过去将来某一时间正在发生的动作。它常和表示过去将来的时间状语连用但上下文清楚时，时间状语亦可省略。和将来进行时一样，它也常表计划中的事，不表意愿或打算。它还有一个特点，即常用在宾语从句（尤其是间接引语）中 eg:John told us that Mary would be coming next day.约翰告诉我

17、们玛丽第二天来用法4：过去将来进行时有时也可用在其它从句中。eg:The new name he would be using was Jack Jones.他将用的新名是杰克琼斯。（用在定语从句中）He would pay the rest as he would be leaving France.其余款项，他将在离开法 国时付清。（用在状语从句中）用法5：过去将来进行时也可用在独立句中。The car started.Ellen James would be driving off to the university.车子发动了。埃伦詹姆斯要开车到大学去。,20,八：过去将来进行时,形式

18、：would(should)be+Ving,21,知识扩展：不用进行时的动词1)事实状态的动词：have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue I have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2)心理状态的动词：know,realize,think see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understa

19、nd,love,hate I need your help.He loves her very much.3)瞬间动词：accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse I accept your advice.4)系动词：seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn You seem a little tired.,22,现在完成时的基本用法,用法1:延续到现在的动作或状态.,形式:have/has done,九、现在完成时态,开始于过去的动作一直持续的现在，而

20、且还可能继续持续下去。谓语动词一般为延续性动词。,I have lived here for 3 years.The teacher has taught in this school since I came here.Since time began,man has lived in fear of fire.,23,知识扩展：与现在完成时搭配的时间状语1)Since+时间点 I have worked in this company since 1980.2)for+时间段 Great changes have taken place in Changsha for the past f

21、ew years.3)“到目前为止”：until now,up until now,up to now,up till now,so far We have up until now failed to take any action to decide on a common language that would further communication between nations.4)“在最近几世纪/年/月以来”：in/over the past few years,for the last few centuries,throughout history,through cent

22、uries Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die,for the very nature of life includes death.,24,现在完成时的基本用法,用法2:过去发生但与现在仍有联系的动作或状态.,九、现在完成时态,表示在不确定的过去发生的动作对现在仍有影响，谓语动词一般为短暂性动词。,He has broken his leg.He broke his leg.,试比较,25,知识扩展：第二种现在完成时态使用技巧1)这种完成时态的肯定句不与“一段时间”

23、的时间状语连用 He has left his hometown for 3 years.(典型错误)He left his hometown 3 years ago.He has been away from his hometown for 3 years.Note:短暂性动词的完成时句子若用否定句，表示尚未发生的事情，则可作为一种状态，表示延续。I havent bought a pair of shoes for a year.2)与不确定时间的时间状语连用：already,yet,often,just,never.He has already arrived.Has it stopp

24、ed raining yet?3)具有“新闻”性质,强调的是事件的内容，而不是事件发生的过去的具体时间 The President has been assassinated.He cant go on holiday because he has broken his leg.,26,现在完成时的基本用法,用法3:到目前的一个时间段内重复发生的动作.,九、现在完成时态,表示到目前为止的一个时间段内重复发生的动作。,We have taken three tests so far this week.I have made many new friends since I came to Ch

25、angsha.,27,知识扩展：其他使用现在完成时的结构1)This/That/It is+序数词+名词+that+现在完成时 It is the third time that Ive come to Beijing.It is the fifth time that someone has knocked at my door.2)This/That/It is+最高级或only修饰名词+现在完成时 This is the most interesting movie that Ive ever seen.It is the worst book that Ive ever read.,总

26、之：现在完成时总是与现在有着密切的联系；或是表示到现在为止这一段时间的“一直在延续”或“重复发生”的动作或状态；或是表示影响现状的事件。,28,知识扩展：现在完成时和一般过去时比较1)现在完成时第二种用法表示的也是过去的动作或情况，强调过去的动作对现在的影响时才用现在完成时。I havent seen him this morning.(说话时间this morning)I didnt see him this morning.（说话时间“今天晚上或下午”）2)在用于延续性动词时两个时态的区别 He has been in the army for 6 years.(他入伍以来已经6年了。)H

27、e was in the army for 6 years.(他当过6年的兵，现在不是了。)I have smoked for 2 years.(我有两年的烟龄了。)I smoked for 2 years.(我抽了两年的烟，现在不抽了。),29,过去完成时的基本用法,用法1:开始于过去之前(即过去的过去)的动作或状态在过去这一时刻仍在进行.,十、过去完成时态,表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间之前已经开始，这一动作或状态一直持续到这一过去时刻，并且到这一过去时刻还没有结束病仍有可能继续持续下去。,I had learned 1000 words by the end of last year.

28、I had waited for her for two hours is such a severe winter when she eventually turned up,which drove me mad.,形式:had done,30,过去完成时的基本用法,用法2:表示开始于过去之前的动作或状态到过去这一时刻之前已经停止.,十、过去完成时态,表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间之前已经开始，这一动作或状态在这一过去时刻之前即已结束，并且没有持续到这一过去时刻。此时过去完成时的动作为短暂动作。,He had made everything ready before I came.Her

29、baby had fallen asleep when she went into the room.,31,过去完成时的基本用法,用法3:在过去之前开始的动作，在过去之前一段时间内重复发生.,十、过去完成时态,I had written her 100 letters when she finally promised to marry me.I had proposed to her five times,but she still refused to marry me.,32,过去完成时的基本用法,用法4:intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expec

30、t,think,propose,wish等动词的过去完成时表示过去未能实现的计划、设想、意图或希望等.,十、过去完成时态,I had intended to see you,but I was busy.They had hoped to see you off at the airport,but they got there too late.,用法4:用在“It was the+序数词或最高级+that+”句型中.,It was the third time that I had met him.,33,知识扩展：过去完成时和一般过去时比较1)两个或两个以上相继发生的动作，用 and 或

31、 but 按动作发生的先后顺序连接，此时用一般过去时；过去完成时则强调主语在过去某一时刻后顾跟早的动作。He opened the door and entered,but found nobody.I realized that we had met before.2)在表示两个相继发生的动作时，过去完成时表示一个动作完成之后，另一个动作才开始发生，从而使得两个动作相互独立；一般过去时则可能表示一个动作导致另一个动作，或两个动作之间有一中因果关系。When I had opened all the windows I sat down and had a cup of tea.When I

32、had opened the window the cat jumped out.,34,将来完成时的基本用法,用法1:延续到将来的动作或状态.,十一、将来完成时态,形式:will have done,I will have learned 10000 words by the end of the next year.The old man will have worked in this factory for 50 years when he retires next month.,35,将来完成时的基本用法,用法2:如同现在完成时第二种用法的将来完成时.,十一、将来完成时态,By th

33、e year 2050,scientists probably will have discovered a cure for cancer.We will have finished our exam by the end of next week.,36,将来完成时的基本用法,用法3:在将来之前开始的动作，在将来之前的一段时间内重复发生.,十一、将来完成时态,By five oclock this afternoon the spaceship will have traveled eleven times around the earth.,十二：过去将来完成时,含义：过去将来完成时表示

34、在过去将来某一时间以前发生的动作,并往往会对过去将来某一时间产生影响。构造：should/would have done sth.Eg:I thought youd have left by this time.我想这会儿你已经走了。He told them he would have finished it by 8 oclock.他告诉他们他会在8点以前干完。I guessed that Helen would have told her something.我猜海伦会告诉她一些情况的。过去将来完成时还常用在虚拟语气中，表示与过去的事实相反。注在当代英语中，大家都用 would(缩略式为

35、d),37,形式：should/would have done sth,十三：现成完成进行时,含义：现在完成进行时表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。（与since，for连用时，常常表示动作会进行下去）（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years中国有2000年的造纸历史（动作还将继续下）（二）表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。We have been waiting for you for half an ho

36、ur.我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等)（三）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。They have been living in this city for ten years.他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。（动作还将继续下去）（四）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）我一直在写一本书。They have been building a bridge.他们一直在造一座桥。（动作还将继续下去）,38,形式：have/has been+Ving,五）表示状态的动词

37、不能用于现在完成进行时。I have known him for years.我认识他已经好几年了。*I have been knowing.这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢，hate讨厌，等等（六）一些现在完成时的句子也与现在完成进行时的句子含义相同延续性动词在现在完成时与现在完成进行时时态中使用，句意相同。例如：She has slept for 6 hours and still can not wake up.She has been sleeping for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.她已经睡了6个小时，到现在还没

38、有醒来。(七）表示现在以前一直在进行的动作强调动作的未完成性It has been raining for 3 days。已经下了3天的雨了（现在还没停止）,39,十三：现成完成进行时,含义：过去完成进行时，就是相对过去的某个时刻来说已经对现在有直接影响并且还在进行的动作。放在间接引语或虚拟语气中时它的时态不能再向前推，向后推是现在完成进行时特点：这种时态很少用在否定句中；这种时态还可用在said，supposed等引起的间接引语中，代替现在完成进行时Example:1.He said，“I have been speaking to John”=He said that he had bee

39、n speaking to John 2.He thought，“She was watching me when I passed”=He thought that she had been watching him when he had passed3.He had not practised English for many years（普通说法）4.He had not been practising English for many years（少见，很少用于否定句）,40,十四：过去完成进行时,形式：had been+Ving,表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。过去完成进行时表

40、示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。I had been looking for it for days before I found it.这东西我找了好多天才找着的。They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.他们只等了一会儿车就来了。表示反复的动作。He had been mentioning your name to me.他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。You had been giving me everything.你对

41、我真是有求必应。常用于间接引语中The doctor asked what he had been eating.医生问他吃了什么。I asked where they had been staying all those days.我问他们那些天是呆在哪儿的。接具有“突然”之意when句。I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。Shed only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupt

42、ed her.她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。I had been sleeping when my friend telephone me.我正在睡觉时，我的朋友给我打电话,41,十四：过去完成进行时,含义：将来完成进行时表示动作从某一时间开始（过去或现在）一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去，要视上下文而定。这个时态常和表示将来某一时间的状语连用Example:I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今 年年底，我将在这个工厂工作20年了If we

43、dont hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there.咱们如不快一点儿，等我们到了那儿，店门就会关了。The play is coming off in August.By then the play will have been running for three months.这个剧将于8月停演。到那时为止，这个剧将连演三个月了。By Friday midday,they will have been working on it for seven days.到星期五中午，他们就在这个工程上干了7天了。PS:主

44、语是第一人称时用shall,其他人称用 will,42,十五：将来完成进行时,形式：主语+will/shall+have been+V-ing,含义：表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到对于过去来说的将来某一时间，过去将来完成进行时是由should/would have been+v-ing构成；否定形式should/would+not have been+v-ing；疑问形式是将should/would提前例句：He said that by the end of the spring term he would have been studying English for three ye

45、ars.他说到了春季学期末，他就学了三年英语了。I want you thinking of food and wine,because these last years would have been miserable for you.我要你只想吃喝，因为最近几年你的生活够苦的。在间接引语中，将来完成进行时通常要改为过去将来完成进行时。如：I know by this time next week youll have been working here for 30 years.I knew by that time he would have been working there fo

46、r 30 years.She will have been teaching in this university for 20 years by this summer.She told me she would have been teaching in that university for 20 years by that summer,43,十六：过去将来完成进行时,形式：should/would+have been+V-ing,44,1.The old man _ _ two days after he had been sent to hospital.A.died B.woul

47、d die C.had died D.has died 2.Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while,but soon _ to his old ways.A.returned B.returns C.was returning D.had returned 3.I _ my son _ a doctor,but he wasnt good enough at science.A.hoped;would become B.had hoped;would become C.had hoped;will become D.hope;will become 4

48、.I _ to take a good holiday this year,but I wasnt able to get away.A.hope B.have hoped C.had hoped D.hoped 5.Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home.A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come,英语时态练习,A,A,B,C,C,45,6.Look!How wonderful my ca

49、r is!Oh,Jack.What are you thinking about?Dont you like it?Im sorry I _ any remark about it in time.I certainly think its smart.A.wasnt making B.dont makeC.wont makeD.didnt make7.To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city _ so rapidly all these years.A.is changi

50、ngB.has changedC.will have changedD.will change8.He _ quite well,but he hasnt had time to swim since this summer.A.will swim B.have swumC.swam D.swims9.Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up,but he _by now.A.hasnt turned up B.doesnt turn upC.wont turn up D.hadnt turned up,英语时态练习,D,A,D,A,46,10.I