研究生英语阅读教程（提高级 第三版）Lesson 5.ppt

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1、1,Advanced Reading Revised Edition,2,策 划：鞠方安 商希建顾 问：李光立主 编：刘兰芝 杨真真副主编：Gerald Zimmerman 张波 任林静制作人：董敬一 尹立鑫,3,Lesson Five Steve Jobs,4,Catalogue,Warm-up Questions,Language Points,Difficult Sentences,Keys to the Exercises,Background Information,Main Idea,5,Walter Isaacson is the author of the biography

2、Steve Jobs and the CEO of the Aspen Institute.He was previously the editor of Time Magazine and the CEO of CNN.He was born in New Orleans,La.,on May 20,1952.,Background Information,6,He is a graduate of Newman School in New Orleans,Harvard College,and Pembroke College of Oxford University.He serves

3、as chairman of the Broadcasting Board of Governors,which oversees Voice of America,Radio Free Europe,and other U.S.international broadcasts.He is also the chairman of the board of Teach for America.He is on the boards of United Continental Airlines,Bloomberg Foundation,Harvard Overseers,and Tulane U

4、niversity.,Background Information,7,Steve Jobs is the authorized biography of Steve Jobs.The biography was written at the request of Jobs by acclaimed biographer Walter Isaacson,a former executive at CNN and Time who has written best-selling biographies about Benjamin Franklin and Albert Einstein.,B

5、ackground Information,8,Based on more than forty interviews with Jobs conducted over two yearsin addition to interviews with more than one hundred family members,friends,adversaries,competitors,and colleaguesIsaacson was given“exclusive and unprecedented”access to Jobss life.,Background Information,

6、9,Home of Paul and Clara Jobs,on Crist Drive in Los Altos,California.Steve Jobs formed Apple Computer in its garage with Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne in 1976.Wayne stayed only a short time,leaving Jobs and Wozniak as the primary co-founders of the company.,Background Information,10,Jobs holding a

7、white iPhone 4 at Worldwide Developers Conference 2010,Background Information,11,Apple logo in 1977,created by Rob Janoff with the rainbow color theme used until 1998.,Background Information,12,A NeXT station with the original keyboard,mouse and the NeXT Mega Pixel monitor.,Background Information,13

8、,Logo for the Think Different campaign initiated by Jobs after his return to Apple Computer in 1997.,Background Information,14,Steve Jobs and Bill Gates at the fifth D:All Things Digital conference(D5)in 2007,Background Information,15,Jobs demonstrating the iPhone 4 to Russian President Dmitry Medve

9、dev on June 23,2010,Background Information,16,Steve Jobs with the first generation iPad tablet,Background Information,17,Click here and watch Steve Jobs life story.,Warm-up Questions,18,Warm-up Questions,What do you know about Steve Jobs and what do you think of him?,2.If you were Steve Jobs,what wo

10、uld you live for,wealth,honor,love or others?,19,Main Idea,This reading is taken from the book Steve Jobs,au-thorized biography of the Apple co-founder writtenby Walter Isaacson.In this excerpt he describes the major role played by Steve Jobs in the developmentof the iPhone.In telling this story he

11、also gives someinsight into Steve Jobs personality,and his ability to imagine revolutionary new products and bring them,20,Main idea,to the public.Isaacson begins by telling how Jobs used Apples very successful iPod to begin the develomemt of the iPhone.Jobs recognized that other products had limite

12、d usefulness,and that it was difficult for customers to understand how they worked.Customers used the cell-phones of other companies,not because they were better,but because they were the only products available.Jobs,21,Main idea,imagined,designed and developed a much better product.The story contin

13、ues to tell how the iPhone was introduced to the public,and how it became a great success.,22,Language Points,1.skyrocket vi(line1,para.1）to increase suddenly and greatly 物价和失业率猛涨的同时，生产却下降了。Production has dropped while prices and unemploy-ment have skyrocketed.人们无法担负暴涨的医疗费用。People cannot afford the

14、skyrocketing costs of health care.,23,Language Points,2.quadruple vt&vi(line 2,para.1）to increase and become four times as big or as high,or to make sth increase in this way 挪威对欧盟的出口已经增加了3倍。Norway has quadrupled its exports to the EU.近几年来价格已经翻了两番。The price has quadrupled in the last few years.,24,La

15、nguage Points,3.bottom line n(line 3,para.1）1)the profit or the amount of money that a business makes or loses 现今的商家只对利润感兴趣。Business today is only interested in the bottom line.底盘的结果是上月我们赚了1.5万美金。The bottom line is that last month we made a profit of 15 thousand dollars.,25,Language Points,2)a situa

16、tion or fact that exists and that one must accept,even though one may not like it 事实是酒后驾车会出人命。The bottom line is that drunken driving can kill.3)the lowest amount of money that one is willing to pay or take for sth 你这部车的最低售价是多少？Whats your bottom line for selling the car?,26,Language Points,4.revenue

17、 n u(line 3,para.1）money that a business or organization receives over a period of time,especially from selling goods or services;income 电影院非常景气的一年，创下1980年以来广告及票房 收入新高。A boom year at the cinema,with record advertising revenue and the highest ticket sales since 1980.政府的财政收入和支出要平衡。A governments revenu

18、e and expenditure should be balanced.,27,Language Points,5.burnish vt fml（line 3,para.1）1)to work hard in order to improve sth 议会急需一位能改善其形象的主席。The Parliament badly needs a president who can burnish its image.2)to polish metal until it shines 我每个月都给地板打蜡，然后再把它擦亮。Every month I wax and burnish the floor

19、.,28,Language Points,burnish the hipness（line 3&4,para.1）to show off in an overly proud manner about the“hipness”of the iPod.To“be hip”is a slang term meaning that some-one or sth is very popular,very much in fashion,very much the latest thing.It is similar to saying that sth is“cool.”,29,Language P

20、oints,6.be obsessed about(line1,para.2）thinking about sth or someone much more than is necessary or sen-sible 他非常担心自己的体重。He is obsessed about his weight.他迷上了电视台的一位女主播。He became obsessed with a girl hostess on television.,30,Language Points,7.board n（line 2,para.2）a group of people in a company or ot

21、her organization who make the rules and important decisions 董事会预期将会获得高额利润。The board envisages that there will be a high profit.由于董事会对公司管理不善，公司负债累累。The board has so misconducted the company that its deep in debt.,31,Language Points,Synonyms:committee,council,department,directorate,jury,panel,32,Langu

22、age Points,9月12日董事会议的议程 the agenda for the September 12 board meeting,33,Language Points,8.eat someones lunch(line 2&3,para.2)To eat someones lunch is to say that you are over-powering someone,defeating them,taking something of value from them.In grade school a larger,stronger bullying person(usuall

23、y an older boy)might threaten and intimidate a smaller weaker student and literally take their lunch away from them,and eat it themselves.,34,Language Points,9.decimate vt（line 4,para.2）1)to destroy a great number or proportion of 疾病导致大批的人死亡。The population has been decimated by disease.2)to kill one

24、 in every ten 许多不利的因素使吸虫数量减少十分之一。Many adversities decimate the fluke numbers.,35,Language Points,3)to reduce the size and effectiveness greatly经济衰退使该国制造业元气大伤。The recession decimated the nations manufacturing industry.,36,Language Points,10.render vt（last line of para.2）1)to cause sth to occur这种处理方法非

25、但没有使工作便容易，反而更复杂了。The task is rendered not easier but more comlicated by such treatment.国际市场价格的大幅波动使生意难做。The wide price fluctuations in the internatioanl market rendered business difficult.,37,Language Points,2)fml to give sth to someone or do sth,because it is your duty or because someone expects yo

26、u to 他们互相帮助而没有考虑报酬问题。Mutual services are renderd wihtout consideration of payment.你根本没有考虑提供紧急措施。It did not occur to you to render a first aid.,38,Language Points,3)to transmite to another;to deliver 未经全面调查就提出意见是不妥的。It is deemed unsafe to render an opinion without a full investiagation.你必须对自己的所作所为作出说

27、明。You have to render an account of your behavior.,39,Language Points,11.was not in his DNA(line 2,para.3）It was not natural to him,it was not in his basic nature.,40,12.partner vt(line 2,para.3）1)to be someones partner in a dance,game etc 他答应星期一跟我搭档进行网球双打比赛。He agreed to partener me in the tennis dou

28、bles on Monday.2）a country or organization that another country or organization has an agreement with 中国最大的贸易合作伙伴 Chinss largest trading partner,Language Points,41,Language Points,2)one of two people who are married,or who live together 你为什么不选择他做你的终身伴侣？Why dont you choose him for your partner?,42,La

29、nguage Points,13.CEO n(line 2,para.3）Chief Executive Officer；the person with the most authority in a large company;the highest ranking officer in many large corporations,43,Language Points,14.hallmark n(line 6,para.3）1)an idea,method,or quality that is typical of a particular person or thing 表达清楚是好文

30、章的特点。Clear expression is the hallmark of good writing.衡量一个优秀政治家的标志之一就是他影响大众的 能力。One hallmark of a good politician is his ability to influence people.,44,Language Points,2)A hallmark is a distinguishing mark or feature.Hallmarks were first used by European craftsmen to identify products as uniquely t

31、heir own.,45,Language Points,Synonyms:attribute,distinguishing feature,peculiarity,idiosyncrasy,symptom,trait,46,Language Points,15.a product that had been negotiated by a committee(line 6&7,para.3）The product had a bad design.Committees,a group of people working together to solve a problem,are ofte

32、n inefficient and produce outcomes that are poorly thou-ght out,and more of a series of inefficient compromises,than a quality product.,47,Language Points,16.counter adv(line 9,para.3）be in a way that is opposite to sth 宣传这部令人恶心的电影有悖贵报的标准。To publicize this revolting film is counter to the standards

33、of your newspaper.他对这件事的处理方法违背了大家的忠告。He acted counter to everyones advice on this matter.Other expression:be/run/go counter to sth:to be the opposite of sth,48,Language Points,17.cobble sth together（line 11,para.3)1)to roughly design and assemble sth using parts that are easily available and not rea

34、lly designed to work together 外交官们匆忙达成了一项协议。The diplomats cobbled together an agreement.,49,Language Points,2)sth that is“cobbled together”is often of inferior quality;to mend shoes,boots,etc;to make sth roughly 别马马虎虎地修补我的鞋。Dont cobble up my shoes.,50,Language Points,18.Wired n（last line of para.3)W

35、ired Magazine is a monthly publication devoted to developments in new technology.In general use“wired”literally means,a system electronically connected by wires.In an idiomatic sense,it means“well connected,very informed.”This is the impli-cation that Wired Magazine would like its readers to make.In

36、 other situations a very excited person may be considered“wired.”,51,Language Points,19.scoff vi(last line of para.3)1)to laugh at a person or idea,and talk about them in a way that shows you think they are stupid;to make fun of 他们嘲笑那种认为任何事情都可以改变的想法。They scoffed at the idea that anything could be ch

37、anged.正统的学者往往会对这种理论嗤之以鼻。Orthodox scholars are inclined to scoff at such theroies.,52,Language Points,Synonyms:sneer,jeer,gibe,floutsneer vi to smile or speak in a very unkind way that shows you have no respect for someone or sthsneer at她对汤姆的音乐品味嗤之以鼻。She sneered at Toms musical tastes.jeer v to laugh

38、 at someone or shout unkind things at them in a way that shows you do not respect them,53,Language Points,他们用嘲笑声把讲演人赶下了台。They jeered the speaker off the stage.你不能做得更好，就别奚落人。Dont jeer unless you can do better.gibe vi to make an unkind remark intended to make someone seem silly 他的朋友嘲笑他的怯懦。His friend g

39、ibed at him for his cowardice.,54,Language Points,flout vt to deliberately disobey a law,rule etc,without trying to hide what you are doing一些公司公然蔑视规章制度，雇佣小至7岁的童工。Some companies flout the rules and employ children as young as seven.deliberately/openly flout sth该协会公然蔑视法律。The union had openly flouted t

40、he law.,55,Language Points,20.review n uc(line 2,para.4)a careful examination of a situation or process;evaluation,analysis这篇评论对影片宣扬暴力未作批判。The review is uncritical of the violence in the film.年度综论 annual review,56,Language Points,21.They all stank.(line 3,para.4)Something that“stinks”smells bad and

41、is very un-pleasant;past tense,stank.Used in this sense,these products did not actually smell badly,but they were of inferior quality and difficult to use,they were not pleasing.,57,Language Points,stink vi 1)used to say that sth is bad,unfair,dishonest 我认为他们的方法糟透了。I think their methods stink.整件事情都透

42、着政治腐败的气息。The whole thing stinks of political corruption.,58,Language Points,Synonyms:pong,reek,whiff,59,Language Points,2)to have a strong and very unpleasant smell 离我远点你有口臭。Get away from me your breath stinks.这个地方有股煎洋葱的刺鼻气味。The place stinks of fried onions.,60,Language Points,22.way too adv infml(l

43、ine 5,para.4)very much世界正在组织起来，对我和有些人说来太组织 化了。The world is getting organized,way too organized for me and some others.你泡网吧的时间太多了。You are spending way too much in the Internet bar.,61,Language Points,22.address book n(line 6,para.4)a book or place on a computer where you keep a list of peoples addres

44、ses,62,Language Points,23.It was just Byzantine.(line 6,para.4)It was elaborate,with many features,very complicated.Derived from Byzantium,an ancient culture in the Middle East,known for complicated political admi-nistration,and elaborate,complicated artistic styles.byzantine n complicated and diffi

45、cult to understand 包含各种规则和贸易协定的错综复杂的体系 a byzantine system of rules and trading arrangements,63,Language Points,24.brain-dead(line 8,para.4)To say that someone or something is“brain dead”is to say that it is stupid and of no value.Derived from a medical term meaning that a person is truly dead,their

46、brain shows no electrical activity.,64,Language Points,25.motivator n(last line of para.4)sth or someone that makes you want to do or achieve sth incentive 动力可以影响一个人的行为。A motivator can influence an individuals behavior.,65,Language Points,26.There was room for.(line 3,para.5)There was a place for,an

47、d opportunity for an innovative new product.,66,Language Points,27.a premium and hip product(line 3,para.5)A high quality and very and highly desirable product.,67,premium adj 1)of very high quality优质的产品是当下的消费趋势 the current consumer trend for premium products优质的英国土豆 premium qualityBritish potatoes,L

48、anguage Points,68,Language Points,2)an additional amount of money,above a standard rate or amount 消费者准备出高价买有机蔬菜。Consumers are prepared to pay a premium for organi-cally grown vegetables.be at a premium:if sth is at a premium,people need it or want it,but there is little of it available or it is diff

49、i-cult to get,69,Language Points,奥运期间食宿紧张。During the Olympic Games,accommodation will be at a premium.to put/place a premium on sth:to consider one quality or type of thing as being much more important than others 有些老板重视受过教育的工人。Some employers place a premium on educated workers.,70,Language Points,2

50、8.the AirPort wireless base station(line 4 it broadcasts WiFi signals for short distances around home or office.,71,modify,Language Points,29.modify vt(line 1,para.6)to make small changes to sth in order to improve it and make it more suitable or effective；to adapt 可以把这一反馈用于修订下学年的课程。The feedback wil