使用DHCP服务器动态分配IP地址.ppt

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1、,微软系统工程师、微软企业架构专家课程,第二次课程,Allocating IP Addressing by Using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol(DHCP),Overview,DHCP 网络基础结构中的角色添加和授权 DHCP 服务器服务配置 DHCP 作用域配置 DHCP 预订配置 DHCP 选项配置 DHCP 中继代理,网络基础结构中的角色,该媒体旨在提供的 DHCP 网络基础结构中的高级概述 此演示文稿底您将能够：:解释 DHCP描述 DHCP 的工作原理解释如何路由器可以转发 DHCP 广播的数据包描述如何一个 DHCP 中继代理工程,添加

2、和授权 DHCP 服务器服务,为什么要使用 DHCP？DHCP 如何分配的 IP 地址DHCP Lease 生成过程的工作原理DHCP Lease 重建过程的工作原理如何添加 DHCP 服务器服务授权 DHCP 服务器服务是如何如何授权 DHCP 服务器服务,为什么要使用 DHCP？,DHCP 减少复杂性和管理的工时量通过自动 TCP/IP 配置,DHCP 如何分配的 IP 地址,DHCP Lease 生成过程的工作原理,DHCP Client,DHCP Server1,DHCP Server2,DHCP Lease 重建过程的工作原理,50%of lease duration has exp

3、ired,87.5%of lease duration has expired,100%of lease duration has expired,If the client fails to renew its lease,after 50%of the lease duration has expired,then the DHCP lease renewal process will begin again after 87.5%of the lease duration has expired,If the client fails to renew its lease,after 8

4、7.5%of the lease has expired,then the DHCP lease generation process starts over again with a DHCP client broadcasting a DHCPDISCOVER,如何添加 DHCP 服务器服务,Your instructor will demonstrate how to:,Prepare to add a DHCP Server serviceAdd a DHCP Server service,授权 DHCP 服务器服务是如何,DHCP Server1 checks with the do

5、main controller to obtain a list of authorized DHCP servers,DHCP Server1,DHCP Server2,If DHCP Server1 finds its IP address on the list,the service starts and supports DHCP clients,DHCP Server2 checks with the domain controller to obtain a list ofauthorized DHCP servers,If DHCP Server2 does not find

6、its IP address on the list,the service does not start and support DHCP clients,DHCP client receives IP address from authorized DHCP Server1,DHCP authorization is the process of registering the DHCP Server service in the Active Directory domain to support DHCP clients,如何授权 DHCP 服务器服务,Your instructor

7、will demonstrate how to:,Apply the requirement for authorizing a DHCP Server serviceAuthorize a DHCP Server service,Practice:添加和授权 DHCP 服务器服务,In this practice,you will add and authorize a DHCP Server service,Lesson:配置 DHCP 作用域,What Are DHCP Scopes?How to Configure a DHCP Scope,配置 DHCP 作用域?,A scope i

8、s a range of IP addresses that are available to be leased,Scope Properties,LAN A,LAN B,DHCP Server,Scope B,Scope A,How to Configure a DHCP Scope,Your instructor will demonstrate how to:,Configure a DHCP scopeActivate a DHCP scope,Practice:Configuring a DHCP Scope,In this practice,you will configure

9、a DHCP scope,Lesson:配置 DHCP 预订,What Is a DHCP Reservation?How to Configure a DHCP Reservation,What Is a DHCP Reservation?,How to Configure a DHCP Reservation,Your instructor will demonstrate how to:,配置 DHCP 保留验证 DHCP 保留,Practice:Configuring a DHCP Reservation,In this practice,you will configure a DH

10、CP reservation,Lesson:配置 DHCP 选项,什么是 DHCP 选项？如何应用 DHCP 服务器、范围和保留客户端选项如何应用 DHCP 类级选项如何配置 DHCP 选项,什么是 DHCP 选项?,DHCP 选项是 DHCP 服务分配给客户沿与 IP 地址和默认网关的配置参数,如何应用 DHCP 服务器、范围和保留客户端选项,DHCP option applied at theserver level,DHCP option applied at thescope level,DHCP option applied at thereserved-client level,F

11、ile and Print Server,如何应用 DHCP 类级选项,DHCP option applied at theclass level,Scope A,Scope B,DHCP Server,Windows 98,Windows XP,Windows XP,Router,Router,File and Print Server,如何配置 DHCP 选项,Your instructor will demonstrate how to:,Configure a DHCP server optionConfigure a DHCP scope option,Practice:Config

12、uring DHCP Options,In this practice,you will configure DHCP options,Lesson:配置 DHCP 中继代理,什么是 DHCP 中继代理？DHCP 中继代理的工作原理DHCP 中继代理如何使用跃点计数DHCP 中继代理如何使用启动阈值如何配置 DHCP 中继代理,What Is a DHCP Relay Agent?,DHCP 中继代理是计算机或路由器配置为侦听 DHCP/BOOTP 广播从 DHCP 客户端，然后中继到不同子网上的 DCHP 服务器这些邮件,DHCP Server,Client,DHCP Relay Agent

13、,Client,Client,Client,RoutersNon-RFC 1542 Compliant,Unicast,Broadcast,Subnet A,Subnet B,Broadcast,DHCP 中继代理的工作原理,RouterNon-RFC 1542 Compliant,Client1,DHCP Relay Agent,Client2,DHCP Server,Client3,DHCP 中继代理如何使用跃点计数,跃点计数阈值是的数据包可以通过传输被丢弃前的路由器数,DHCP Relay Agent 2,DHCP Server,Hop Count=2,DHCP Relay Agent

14、1,DHCP 中继代理如何使用启动阈值,启动阈值是时间的以 DHCP 中继代理会等待本地的 DHCP 服务器之前转发请求响应客户端请求的秒长度,如何配置 DHCP 中继代理,Your instructor will demonstrate how to:,应用准则设置跃点计数和引导阈值。添加 DHCP 中继代理。将 DHCP 中继代理配置与 DHCP server。IP 地址启用 DHCP 中继代理上路由器 interface。,Practice:Configuring the DHCP Relay Agent,In this practice,you will configure a DHC

15、P Relay Agent,名称解析,Overview,多媒体：名称解析过程简介在客户端上查看名称配置主机名称解析配置 NetBIOS 名称解析,多媒体：名称解析过程简介,The objective of this presentation is to provide a high-level overview of the name resolution process in the network infrastructureAfter this presentation,you will be able to:Explain what a host name isExplain what

16、 a NetBIOS name isDescribe how the name resolution process works,Lesson:在客户端上查看名称,名称如何映射到 IP 地址什么是主机名？什么是 NetBIOS 名称？如何在客户端的视图名称,名称如何映射到 IP 地址,Examples:,A host name is the DNS name,of a device on a network,that is used to locate computers on the network,什么是主机名？,什么是 NetBIOS 名称？,Server2,一个 NetBIOS 名称是

17、在计算机上运行的 NetBIOS 服务所使用的标识符。它由组成名 15 个字符加表明信息服务一第 16 个字符（字节）,如何在客户端的视图名称,Your instructor will demonstrate how to:,通过使用 Ipconfig 实用程序查看主机名和 DNS 后缀通过使用系统属性的视图主机名称通过使用 nbtstat 命令查看 NetBIOS 名称通过使用系统属性查看您的计算机 s NetBIOS 名称重命名计算机,Practice:Viewing Names on a Client,In this practice,you will view names on a c

18、lient,Lesson:配置主机名称解析,主机名解析过程客户端解析器缓存如何查看和刷新客户端解析器缓存Hosts 文件如何预加载客户端冲突解决程序缓存通过主机文件,主机名解析过程,主机名解析是一个主机名解析为 IP 地址的过程,What is the IP address for Salescomputer2?,Salescomputer2,1,2,3,192.168.1.35,Salescomputer2,Client Resolver Cache/Hosts File,DNS,NetBIOS Name Cache,WINS,Broadcast,Lmhost File,客户端缓存解析器,客

19、户端冲突解决程序缓存是在存储最近已获得到 IP 地址解决的主机名的内存中的位置。它还存储从主机文件主机名称 IP 地址映射加载,Computer1,Hosts File,Resolved host names from the DNS server,如何查看和刷新客户端解析器缓存,Your instructor will demonstrate how to:,通过使用 Ipconfig 命令显示客户端冲突解决程序缓存通过使用 Ipconfig 命令刷新一个客户端冲突解决程序缓存,Hosts File,Hosts 文件是一个静态文件的本地计算机上维护并用于加载到客户端冲突解决程序缓存的主机名称

20、 IP 地址映射,Computer1,Hosts File,#Copyright(c)1993-1999 Microsoft Corp.#This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows.#This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names.Each#entry should be kept on an individual line.The IP address should#be placed in the first column fol

21、lowed by the corresponding host name.#The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one#space.#Additionally,comments(such as these)may be inserted on individual#lines or following the machine name denoted by a#symbol.#For example:#102.54.94.97#source server#38.25.63.10#x client ho

22、st127.0.0.1 localhost,How to Preload a Client Resolver Cache by Using a Hosts File,Your instructor will demonstrate how to preload the client resolver cache by using a Hosts file,Practice：配置主机名称解析,In this practice,you will configure host name resolution,Lesson:配置 NetBIOS 名称解析,NetBIOS 名称解析过程NetBIOS 名

23、称缓存如何查看和发行 NetBIOS 名称缓存广播Lmhosts 文件如何预加载 NetBIOS 名称缓存使用 Lmhosts 文件,NetBIOS 名称解析过程,NetBIOS 名称解析是该过程将 NetBIOS 名映射到一个 IP 地址,What is the IP address for Salescomputer2?,Salescomputer2,1,3,192.168.1.35,Salescomputer2,NetBIOS Name Cache,WINS,Broadcast,Lmhosts File,2,Resolved host names from the WINS server

24、,Computer1,NetBIOS 名称缓存,Lmhosts File,Resolved host names from broadcasts,NetBIOS 名称缓存是存储最近已解析为 IP 地址无论是通过 WINS 服务器的 NetBIOS 名称的内存中的位置广播或 Lmhosts 文件,Lmhosts File,Lmhosts 文件是一个本地的文本文件的不位于本地子网的主机将 NetBIOS 名称映射到 IP 地址,Computer1,Lmhosts File,#Copyright(c)1993-1999 Microsoft Corp.#This is a sample LMHOSTS

25、 file used by the Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows.#This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to computernames#(NetBIOS)names.Each entry should be kept on an individual line.#The IP address should be placed in the first column followed by the#corresponding computername.The address and the computer

26、name#should be separated by at least one space or tab.The#character#is generally used to denote the start of a comment(see the exceptions#below).#The following example illustrates all of these extensions:#102.54.94.97 rhino#PRE#DOM:networking#net groups DC#102.54.94.102 appname 0 x14#special app ser

27、ver#102.54.94.123 popular#PRE#source server#102.54.94.117 localsrv#PRE#needed for the include#BEGIN_ALTERNATE#INCLUDE localsrvpubliclmhosts#INCLUDE rhinopubliclmhosts#END_ALTERNATE,如何预加载 NetBIOS 名称缓存使用 Lmhosts 文件,Your instructor will demonstrate how to preload a NetBIOS name cache by using an Lmhosts file,