脊柱常见疾病的MRI诊断.ppt
《脊柱常见疾病的MRI诊断.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《脊柱常见疾病的MRI诊断.ppt(98页珍藏版)》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、脊柱常见疾病的MRI诊断,MRI常规扫描方位,Sagittal,Coronal,Axial,MRI常规扫描序列,T1WI:T1 weighted imaging,T1加权成像。T2WI:T2 weighted imaging,T2加权成像。TIRM:turbo inversion recovery magnitude,快速反转恢复,压脂功能。,正常脊柱的MRI解剖,脊柱的主要构成 脊椎骨 椎间盘 脊髓 韧带 周围肌肉,正常脊柱的MR信号表现 T1WI信号 T2WI信号 TIRM(压脂)信号 骨髓腔:等-灰 等-灰 等-灰骨皮质:低-黑 低-黑 低-黑 椎间盘髓核:等-灰 高-白 高-白椎间盘纤
2、维环:低-黑 低-黑 低-黑 脑脊液:低-黑 高-白 高-白 脊髓:等-灰 等-灰 等-灰神经:等-灰 等-灰 等-灰 韧带:低-黑 低-黑 低-黑脂肪:高-白 高-白 低-黑 肌肉:等-灰 低-黑 等-灰,正常脊柱全貌,T1WI,T2WI,T1WI,正常椎体,Sagittal,正常椎间盘,正常椎小关节,正常脊髓及蛛网膜下腔,正常马尾及黄韧带,脊柱常见病变,退变外伤感染肿瘤,脊柱退变,脊柱退变,椎间盘病变椎小关节退变椎体滑脱椎管狭窄,椎间盘病变,椎间盘变性椎间盘突出椎间盘膨出椎间盘脱出许莫氏结节,椎间盘变性,正常椎间盘髓核在T2WI像为白色高信号当信号减低为黑色,提示为椎间盘变性,正常,变性,
3、椎间盘突出,椎间盘边缘局限性超出椎体骨性边缘四型:中央型、旁中央型、椎间孔型、极外侧型,黄色:“极外侧区”,此区椎间盘突出罕见,治疗棘手。此区的椎间盘突出还可刺激“交感神经系统”导致下肢反射性交感神经萎缩症(RSD)样症状。,蓝色:“中央区”,后纵韧带在此区最厚,椎间盘突出通常不是轻微偏左就是偏右。,粉红色:“旁中央区”,此区后纵韧带较薄,常在此区出现椎间盘突出。,绿色:“椎间孔区”,此区椎间盘突出很少见,治疗麻烦,因为此区具有超精细神经结构的“背根节”(DRG),对于背根节的任何压迫将导致严重的坐骨神经痛及神经元损伤。,CT,L4/5椎间盘突出(中央型),Axial-T2WI,Sagitta
4、l-T2WI,L4/5椎间盘突出(旁中央型),Axial-T2WI,Sagittal-T2WI,椎间盘膨出,正常椎间盘边缘不超过椎体骨性边缘椎间盘边缘环状均匀性超出椎体骨性边缘-膨出,周缘性膨隆,周缘性膨隆,Sagittal-T2WI,椎间盘脱出纤维环破裂 髓核游离,Sagittal-T2WI,Sagittal-T1WI,Axial-T2WI,许莫氏结节,髓核经上、下软骨板(终板)的裂隙突入椎体松质骨内,Sagittal-T2WI,Sagittal-T1WI,Sagittal-T2WI,Sagittal-T1WI,根据椎间盘相邻椎体骨髓信号的异常分为三型 I 型:骨髓水肿(T1 WI像低信号-
5、黑,T2 WI像高信号-白)II型:脂肪沉积(T1 WI像高信号-白,T2 WI像较高信号-灰白)III型:骨质硬化(T1 WI像、T2 WI像均为低信号-黑)参考文献:Modic MT,Masaryk TJ,Ross JS,et al.Imaging of degenerative disk diseaseJ.Radiology,1988,168(1):177-86.,椎间盘退变-Modic 分型,Type IDecreased signal on T1,and increased signal on T2.Represents marrow edema.Associated with an
6、 acute process.Histological examination shows disruption and fissuring of the endplate and vascularized fibrous tissues within the adjacent marrow Type II-the most common type Increased signal on T1,and isointense or slightly hyperintense signal on T2.Represents fatty degeneration of subchondral mar
7、row.Associated with a chronic process.Histological examination shows endplate disruption with yellow marrow replacement in the adjacent vertebral body.Type I changes convert to Type II changes with time,while Type II changes seem to remain stable.Type III Decreased signal on both T1 and T2.Correlate
8、 with extensive bony sclerosis on plain radiographs.Histological examination shows dense woven bone;hence,no marrow to produce MRI signal.,I型,II型,III型,Jones A,Clark A,Freeman BJ,et al.The Modic classification:inter-and intraobserver error in clinical practiceJ.Spine(Phila Pa 1976),2005,30(16):1867-9
9、.“We have shown that the classification is both reliable and reproducible.It is simple and easy to apply for observers of varying clinical experience.We therefore recommend its use in clinical research and practice.”,Modic 分型具有可靠性及可重复性,推荐应用于临床及科研,请思考:,?病变,Modic?型,脊柱退变,椎间盘病变椎小关节退变椎体滑脱椎管狭窄,椎小关节退变,椎小关节
10、间隙变窄关节突骨质增生软骨下骨侵蚀,影像学诊断分级:Weishaupt在1999 年提出的根据CT、MRI将腰椎小关节退变程度分为4 级,是目前公认的小关节退变影像学分级法。参考文献:Dominik Weishaupt,Marco Zanetti,Norbert Boos,et al.MR imaging and CT in osteoarthritis of the lumbar facet jointsJ.Skeletal Radiol(1999)28:215-219.,椎小关节退变,正常人腰椎小关节影像学表现关节间隙正常(2mm),正常的腰椎椎小关节-0级,CT,MRI,关节间隙变窄(2
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 脊柱 常见疾病 MRI 诊断
链接地址:https://www.31ppt.com/p-2868488.html