火灾报警系统英文文献.doc

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1、 本科毕业设计（论文） 中英文对照翻译院（系部） 机械与动力工程学院 专业名称 测控技术与仪器 年级班级 08级3班 学生姓名 牛 彦 杰 指导老师 赵 彦 如 2012年6月8日The Fire Auto-alarm System DesignFire control work shall follow the policy of devoting major efforts into prevention and combining fire prevention with fire fighting, and shall adhere to the principle of combin

2、ing the efforts of both specialized organizations and the masses and carry out responsibility system on fire prevention and safety. The State Council shall led and the peoples governments at all levels be responsible for fire control work. The peoples government at all levels shall bring fire contro

3、l work in line with the national economy and social development plan, and ensure that fire control work fit in with the economic construction and social development. The public security department of the State Council shall.Monitor and administer the nationwide fire control work; the public security

4、 organs of local peoples governments above county level shall monitor and administer the fire control work within their administrative region and the fire control institutions of public security organs of the peoples government at the same level shall be responsible for the implementation. Along wit

5、h the our country economic development rapid development, the lives of the people level unceasing enhancement, the city uses to be day by day anxious, urges the building to face the direction is developing. This kind of high level civil construction repair needed materials and the way also more hast

6、en the diversification, and along with uses electricity the load and coal gas consumption quantity enlarging.Proposed to the fire auto-alarm system design is higher, a stricter request. In order to guarantee the people life and property the security, the fire auto-alarm system design has become in t

7、he high level civil construction design one of most important design contents. The establishment of the monitoring role of the author about the fire alarm systems in the design of tall buildings on the basis of experience, it is proposed that details of the relevant national standards and standards

8、is not clear simple views through group discussion and point out the error.First, design basisThe fire auto-alarm system design is a specialized very strong technology work, at the same time also has the very strong policy-type. Therefore, first should be clear about the following design basis:1st,

9、must grasp the architectural design fire protection standard, the system design standard, the equipment manufacture standard, the installment construction approval standard and the administration laws and regulations and so on five big aspects fire laws and regulations, and in practical understandin

10、g present country related standard and standard positive word: Must, be supposed, to be suitable, may and the reverse side word: Strictly prohibits, should not, not have, not to be suitable the meaning.2nd, must aim at high level civil building function, use and the protection object fire protection

11、 rank, earnestly carries out the present national related standard, earnestly treats the public security fire prevention surveillance department the examination and approval opinion.Second, fire auto-alarm system equipment establishmentFire detector establishmentOpens wide either the seal or the sta

12、ir hall should alone divide the search coverage.Room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against the front room which smoke stair hall comes in handy) and the aisle should distinguish alone to divide the search covera

13、ge, specially front the room and the lift well, the scattered stair hall and the aisle are interlinked, has time the fire haze to be easier to gather or to flow, is the personnel disperses which saves goal with the fire prevention, therefore should install the fire detector. Regarding common elevato

14、r in front of room is not the personnel disperses , but this front room and the lift well are interlinked, has time the fire haze to be also easy to gather or to flow, suitably alone divides the search coverage and installs the fire detector.The electric cable shaft therefore is easy to form pulls o

15、ut the smoke inflammation the channel; Has when the fire the fire intensity not easily extends along the electric cable burns, for this, the high level civil construction design fire protection standard and the civil construction electricity design standard separately proposes the detailed specific

16、stipulation in the construction and in the electric wire or on the electric cable shaping. But considered implements specifically the difficulty and the present situation, the electric cable shaft installs the fire detector is extremely essential, and coordinates the shaft the fire protection separa

17、tion request, each 2 3 or each level installs.The elevator machine room should install the fire detector, its elevator is the important vertical transportation vehicle. When has the fire, the lift well often becomes the fire intensity spread the channel, is easy to threaten the elevator machine room

18、 the facility. Therefore, the elevator machine room establishes the fire detector is necessary, crown of also suitable establishment fire detector lift well.2nd, the manual fire reports to the police the button establishmentRoom (Including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in view of vario

19、us floors front room in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention, should report to the police the button first choice spot as the e

20、stablishment manual fire. In addition, the room also should establish the manual fire to the common elevator in front of to report to the police the button.In the public active place (including hall, dining room, multi-purpose hall and so on) and the main thoroughfare and so on place, the personnel

21、very is all centralized, and mainly disperses the channel. Therefore should report to the police the button in these public active places main access establishment manual fires; The manual fire establishes which in the main thoroughfare reports to the police the button to guarantee to a manual fire

22、which most is close to reports to the police the button distance from a fire protection district any position not to be supposed to be bigger than 30 meters.3rd, the fire emergency broadcasts the speaker the establishmentThe aisle, the hall, the dining room and so on the public place personnel very

23、are all centralized, and mainly disperses the channel. Therefore should press in these public places to a recent speaker distance is not bigger than 25 meters from a fire protection district any spot and in the aisle last should not be bigger than 12.5 meters the speaker to the aisle terminal distan

24、ce the establishment fire emergency to broadcast the speaker; Next also should establish the fire in the public bathroom place emergency to broadcast the speaker.Room (combined before the smoke staircase room, firemans lifts the front room, fire lift) and smoke staircase and walkways should be a sep

25、arate division of the detection region, especially the front room and the elevator shaft, evacuation stairways and walkways cross associated with each other, and sometimes fire smoke is easy to gather and fled, it is the evacuation pathway to achieve fire protection purposes, and should therefore be

26、 arranged to fire detectors. As for ordinary elevator room, though not the evacuation channels, this front room and elevator shafts, cross linking, sometimes easier to gather fire smoke and flows, but also for a separate division of the detection area and install fire detectors.4th, fire alarm insta

27、llment establishment.The establishment fire emergency broadcast fire auto-alarm system, the author thought also should install the fire alarm installment, but its control procedure should be: The alarm apparatus should confirm after the fire, uses manual or the automatic control mode unification to

28、the fire correlation region transmission warning, stops the alarm apparatus work in the stipulation time, the rapid linkage fire emergency broadcast and broadcasts to the people disperses the instruction.The fire alarm installment establishment position, the author thought should report to the polic

29、e the button position with the manual fire to be same, its wall surface installment should for be apart from the ground 1.8 meters highly.5th, fire special use telephone establishmentInstalls the fire special use telephone extension telephone, should be located the engine room which related also som

30、e people is on duty frequently with the fire linkage control (including fire water plant, spare electricity generation engine room, matches substation, mainly ventilates with air conditioning engine room, discharges fume engine room, fire prevention elevator machine room and other), the fire fightin

31、g control system operates the equipment place or the control room, the fire duty officers observation room, the security manages spot and so on public room. In the fire elevator and the ordinary elevator all should suppose the special use telephone, requests the elevator machine room and the elevato

32、r sedan theater box, the elevator machine room and the fire control room, the elevator sedan theater box and the fire control room and so on three compositions is reliable to speaks the correspondence telephone system. Usually in fire control room; The establishment elevator monitoring demonstration

33、 plate (including position indicator, direction indicating lamp, to speaks correspondence telephone, trouble lamp and so on), in order to carries on the necessity to the elevator running status which in the surveillance and the emergency case controls.Is equipped with the manual fire to report to th

34、e police position and so on button, fire hydrant button also should install the fire special use telephone receptacle.Third, fire linkage control1st, the fire linkage control should include the control fire pump to open, to stop, also should demonstrate opens pumps the button the position and the fi

35、re pump work and the malfunction. When the fire hydrant is equipped with the fire hydrant button, its electric installation work spot also should demonstrate the fire pump the working mode active status (namely establishment fire pump work indicating lamp).2nd, the fire linkage control should includ

36、e the control spraying of water and the water atomization fire fighting system opens, stops, also should demonstrate the fire pump the work and the malfunction and the fluent display, reports to the police the valve, the safety signal valve working mode active status. In addition, to the basin, the

37、water tank water level also should carry on the demonstration monitor; In order to prevent the overhaul signal valve is shut down, the author thought should use the belt electric signal the control signal valve by to demonstrate it opens the condition.3rd, the fire linkage control other controls and

38、 the demonstration function, should carry out the present national related standard and the standard specific stipulation.Fourth, fire auto-alarm system wiringIn order to prevent the fire occurs when the fire control, the correspondence and the warning line severance, causes the fire fighting work t

39、o be unable to carry on, creates the bigger economic loss; Also in order to suppress electromagnetic interference (for example transformer, electric motor, electric cable and so on) the influence which produces to the fire auto-alarm system. The fire auto-alarm system transmission line and the fire

40、control, the correspondence and the warning line should use the being flame-resistant electric cable, and T should also use the metal pipe or attach metal relay protection. The fire manual positive governing installment line should use the fireproof electric cable, its electric cable also should use

41、 the metal tube or the enclosed metal relay protection. Uses surface facilities, should takes the fire protection protective measures on the metal tube or the enclosed metal relay protection.Fifth, concluding remarkThe author rests on the concrete project to implement the experience, elaborated the

42、design basis, fire auto-alarm design actual problem and so on system equipment establishment, fire linkage control and its wiring pulls out some shallow opinions, its goal is enhances the fire auto-alarm system the design quality, discovered early and the notification fire, prevented and reduces the

43、 fire to harm, by protects the person and the property safety.火灾报警系统设计消防工作贯彻预防为主、消防结合的方针，坚持专门机关与群众相结合的原则，实行防火安全责任制。消防工作由国务院领导，由地方各级人民政府负责。各级人民政府应当将消防工作纳入国民经济和社会发展计划，保障消防工作与经济建设和社会发展相适应。国务院公安部门对全国的消防工作实施监督管理，县级以上地方各级人民政府公安机关对本行政区域内的消防工作实施监督管理，并由本级人民政府公安机关消防机构负责实施。任何单位、个人都有维护消防安全、保护消防设施、预防火灾、报告火警的义务。随

44、着我国经济的迅速发展，人民生活水平的不断提高，城市使用逐日焦虑不安，催促建筑所面临的方向不断的发展。这种高水准的民用工程修理需要的材料和方法也更加促进了多元化，并且随着用电负荷和煤气消耗量的日益扩大，对火灾自动报警系统的设计提出了更高更严格的要求。为了保证人们的生命和财产安全，火灾自动报警系统的设计变成了高层民用建筑设计中最重要的设计内容之一。目前建立在作者的有关火灾自动报警系统的设计在高层民用建筑中的监视作用的基础上经验，提议当前国家的相关标准和标准不清楚的细节浅显意见，通过团体讨论，并指出错误。首先, 设计基础火灾自动报警系统的设计是一项专业性非常强的技术性工作，同时还有着非常强的政策性。

45、因此，首先应该清楚以下的设计基础：第一，必须抓住建筑设计防火标准，系统的设计标准，设备的制造标准，安装建设认可标准和行政法律法规等5大方面的火灾法律法规，并且在实践理解过程中提出国家相关标准及标准正面用语：“必须”，“以为”，“应该”，“合适”，“可以”和反面用语：“严格禁止”，“不应该”，“没有”，“不合适”的含义。第二，必须针对高层民用建筑的用途，使用和保护对象的防火等级，认真的执行当前国家相关标准，认真的看待公共安全防火监督部门的考试和认同的意见。其次，火灾自动报警系统的建立火灾探测器的布置敞开或封闭的楼梯间应单独划分为探测区域。房间（包括防烟楼梯间前室，消防电梯前室，消防电梯与防烟楼梯

46、间合用的前室）和走道应分别单独划分探测区域，特别是前室和电梯井，疏散楼梯间和走道交互相联，有时火灾烟雾比较容易聚集和流窜，它是达到防火目的的人员疏散途径，因此应该布置火灾探测器。至于普通电梯前室，它尽管不是人员疏散途径，但这种前室和电梯井交互相联，有时火灾烟雾比较容易聚集和流窜，也适合单独划分探测区域并安装火灾探测器。因此电缆竖井很容易形成烟的扩充渠道；为了当火灾发生时，使火灾强度不易沿着电缆燃烧蔓延，“高层民用建筑设计防火规范”和“民用建筑电气设计规范”分别就建筑及其中的电线和电缆的形式提出了详细的明确的规定。但考虑到实施的具体困难和当前的形势，电缆安装探测器是极端必要的，并且为了协调，竖井

47、的防火隔离要求，每2 3层或每层安装一个火灾探测器。电梯机房应该安装火灾探测器，机房内的电梯是非常重要的垂直运输工具。当有火灾时，电梯井时常会变成火灾强有力的传输渠道，这样就很容易威胁到电梯机房的设施。因此电梯机房布置火灾探测器是非常有必要的，也可以适当的建造布有火灾探测器的电梯井。手动火灾报警按纽的布置房间（包括防烟楼梯间前室，各个楼层的前室，消防电梯机房，消防电梯与防烟楼梯间合用的前室），当火灾发生，人员疏散时，为了达到防火的目的，应该作为建立手动报警按钮首选地点。另外，对于普通电梯前室也应该布置手动报警按钮。在公共活动场所（包括大厅，餐厅，多功能大厅等等）和主要通道等场所，人员非常集中，

48、也是非常重要的人员疏散通道。因此，在这些公共活动场所应该布置手动火灾报警按钮；这些在主要通道上布置的手动火灾报警按钮必须保证“从火灾探测区域任何一个位置到最近的火灾手动火灾报警按钮的距离不应大于30米”。火灾应急广播的布置走道，大厅，餐厅等公共场所人员非常的集中，并且也是主要的疏散渠道。因此，应该强制规定这些公共活动场所“从一个火灾探测区域的任何位置到最近的火灾应急广播的距离不大于25米”且“走道内最后一个扬声器至走道末端的距离不应大于12.5m”布置火灾应急广播；另外在公共卫生间场所也应布置火灾应急广播。房子（包括防烟楼梯间前室，消防电梯机房，消防电梯与防烟楼梯间合用的前室），当火灾发生，人

49、员疏散时，为了达到防火的目的，应有防火们隔离，且人们的声音是迷茫和喧闹的，因此必须建立火灾应急广播。当火灾发生，人员疏散时，为了达到防火的目的，且人们的声音是迷茫和喧闹的，因此疏散楼梯间也应布置火灾应急广播，通过火灾应急广播发出疏散指令。火灾警报器的布置布置了火灾应急广播的火灾自动报警系统，作者认为还应该布置火灾警报装置，但是它的控制程序应该是：在火灾发生后，警报器应该加以确认，用手动或自动控制模式统一向火灾关联区域发出警报，在适当的时候终止警报器的工作，迅速连接应急广播并向疏散人群发出指令。火灾警报器的安装位置，作者认为和手动报警按钮相同，如同用手动报警按钮向火灾报警中心报警一样，它在墙壁上的安装高度应在1.8米以上。消防专用电话的布置消防专用电话分机电话的