SurroundtheInverter”testsystem电源技术研讨会讲义.ppt

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1、Solar Array,House Loads,Off-Grid Batteries,“Surround the Inverter”test system,RegenerativeAC/DC Power,Located in San Diego,CaliforniaPower,Digital,Software and Systems Engrg120,000 ft2(11,100m2)Manufacturing FacilitySMT&Through Hole PCBA ManufacturingSub and Final Assembly and TestSystems Integratio

2、n and TestISO 9000 Compliant Quality System,Solutions and Resources,Customer Focused SolutionsTurn-Key SystemsPower SubsystemsModified Standard ProductsCustom Products,Market Focused SolutionsLow to High Power AC SourcesLow to High Power DC SuppliesAC and DC LoadsModular ATE power productsLaboratory

3、 and Bench Supplies,PPD Products&Markets,Primary ProductsAC Power SourcesDC Power SuppliesEngineered Solutions Primary MarketsCommercial&IndustrialGovernment&DefenseEnergy&UtilitiesAerospace,Bench-topDC supplies,ProgrammableDC supplies,ProgrammableAC sources,Modular ATEPower systems,CompleteEngineer

4、edSolutions,CLEAR VISIONSOUND STRATEGIESSOLID PERFORMANCE,CLEAR VISIONSOUND STRATEGIESSOLID PERFORMANCE,5,TerraSAS Terrestrial Solar Array Simulator,AMETEK Solar Array Simulation History,Number one world-wide providerApplication:Testing Satellites for Development&ProductionFunction:Simulates satelli

5、te solar panels behavior in both Static and Dynamic modes like Eclipse and SpinBenefits:Flexible and modular from 1 channel to144-channelsFully IntegratedFully warrantedWorld-wide support,From Solar Cells to Installations,Solar cells operate like a battery when illuminated from the sunCombining cell

6、s into panels generates higher voltage and power very similar to batteries,7,PV Cell(2.3VDC),PV Module(60VDC 250W),PV Array(600VDC 20,000W),Solar Cell Characteristics,There is a difference in output voltage and current characteristics for a standard DC power supply and a solar panel.A Power Supply i

7、s a“stiff”source meaning that the voltage is constant regardless of the load.The Solar Cell is a“soft”source in that the voltage drops off as you load itThe output power characteristic for a solar panel is important because the PV inverter needs to operate at the peak power point to return the most

8、power back to the utility grid,8,Typical DC Power Supply,Solar Cell,Solar Cell,Solar Cell Characteristics,A grid connected PV inverter must operate on the Maximum Peak Power Point(MPPT)to efficiently convert this energyIt must also pick the correct maximum power point even when the PV panel is shade

9、d,9,Power Supply Comparison,Just creating an IV curve does not assure a power supply will track a PV InverterResponse time to load changes and MPPT algorithms are critical Modifications must be made to the power supplys control loops and output capacitance to provide a realistic simulationIf the pow

10、er supply is too slow it will not track the IV and the inverter will not be tested properly and can become unstable.,10,TerraSAS System,Available in three versions:Micro Inverter for 300-600W,low voltageNon-Isolated up to 600V per channelIsolated up to 1000V per channelStatically Simulates:Various s

11、olar cell material curvesDifferent panel configurationsMultiple power pointsDynamically simulates the change in array output based upon fluctuations in light energy and temperatureSimulates test protocols and events that any solar installation will be subjected toWorking with Sandia NL and Arsenal t

12、o establish to provide best possible product,11,Sandia National Lab Relationship,This fully-integrated PV simulator from AMETEK has performed well in preliminaryevaluations and has shown the flexibility necessary to exercise the variations in MPPT algorithms,Multiple Configuration Examples,Completel

13、y Independent ChannelsThree power modules available1200W/ch for Micro-Inverters600V15KW/ch for Isolated Inverters1000V10KW/ch for non-isolated InvertersCan be programmed independently or paralleled to provide high-power channelsCan simulate shadowed panels and moving shadowsPanel configurations at i

14、nstallation sites are easily created and managed independently,300KW TerraSAS system(Artist rendering),High-Performance Capability,Programmable irradiance levels from 0-2,000/m2 Programmable temperature from-100 to+100 CProgrammable Fill Factor from 0.5-0.95DSP samples at 3kHz4096 data points the Te

15、rraSAS generates a more accurate IV curve,with no“flat spots”in the IV curve,14,Competitors Flat Top IV Curve,TerraSAS Smooth IV Curve,Static IV-Curve Simulation,From Formula,Io as a function of Vo:Io=Isc(1-C1(exp(V/(C2 x Voc)-1)EeffC1=(1-(Imp/Isc)(exp(-Vmp/(C2 x Voc)C2=(Vmp/Voc)-1)/(ln(1-Imp/Isc)Wh

16、ere:Eeff=Ginc/Gstc;Gstc=1000 w/m2(standard test condition)Ginc=Incident Irradiation(Actual Irradiation),Programmable Parallel and Series String Configurations,16,Programmable Fill Factor,17,Single String Scenario,18,The TerraSAS also allows the user to select the desired IV curve and fill factorCell

17、s,Strings,and Panels can be selected at any time to contribute to the test scenarios,Multiple String,Series and Parallel,19,The TerraSAS also allows the user to program parameters to create multiple power points by combining several different solar panels with different output characteristics.This i

18、s used to test the inverters MPPT algorithm reaction to change,Unique Dynamic Simulation,20,The TerraSAS simulates irradiance level,temperature level,and simulation time to ramp the voltage,temperature or irradiance level over timeUses any IV curve previously definedThis ability allows the unitto si

19、mulate dynamicirradiance and temperaturegoing from night to day orfrom a clear day to cloudcover,Morning,21,Afternoon,22,Graphic Display of MPPT,23,24,Real Life Solar Panel Database,The software includes a database of more than 1000 solar panels to choose from or a custom panel can be imported via E

20、xcel,Measurement Data Logging,25,Optional:High-Current Relay Chassis for Polarity Reversal Test of PV-inverter DC input,TerraSAS In the News!,TerraSAS Press ReleaseStory ran by 216 newspapers,business journals and news reporting organizations nationwide!Picked up by16 online trade journalsElectronic

21、 Design Magazine offered a feature article spot for its July 2010 print editionFirst of several magazines to publish an article about AMETEKs TerraSAS and PV inverter test solutions!,27,Problem Solved!,High voltage output floating capability:the output DC terminals of the unit can float up to 1000Vr

22、ms.This is necessary for testing non-isolated inverters.The unit has a common mode voltage protection circuit.Ultra-low common-mode output capacitors:the output DC terminals have very little capacitance to earth ground.This is necessary to prevent the inverter GFI from tripping because of common mod

23、e current.Maximum common mode current is in the order of 3mA with 1kVrms and 50Hz.Fast transient capability:it can control the output current(it measures the true output current)with high speed,because the output current loop bandwidth is 3kHz.This is necessary to track fast MPPT algorithms.Low outp

24、ut ripple and noise(both differential and common mode).This is necessary because high-frequency noise can affect inverter measurements and may affect its operation.,28,CLEAR VISIONSOUND STRATEGIESSOLID PERFORMANCE,CLEAR VISIONSOUND STRATEGIESSOLID PERFORMANCE,29,Mx Series AC and DC Programmable Powe

25、r SourceBi-Directional and Regenerative!,Solar Array,House Loads,Off-Grid Batteries,“Surround the Inverter”test system,RegenerativeAC/DC Power,MX Series,Programmable AC,DC and AC+DC power SourceRegenerative sink optionReturns 100%of power back to the utility line15kVA 270kVAHarmonic Waveform Generat

26、ionFund-50thHarmonic Analyzer measuring Fundamental to 50thSimulate utility disturbances,31,Mx-SNK Option,The SNK or current sink option enables the MX to feed energy back onto the grid when testing grid-tied products.The ability of the MX to simulate the grid provides unique opportunities to test t

27、he EUT for immunity to commonly occurring line anomalies like voltage and/or frequency fluctuations.The SNK option requires special amplifiers that have a different control loop from the standard MX amplifiers.This different control loop ensures greater stability under regenerative load conditions.,

28、32,Sink Mode,Relationship during the transition between automatic source and sink mode while under constant load,33,Utility Simulation MX Series,Anti-islandingUtility disturbancesPhase lossVoltage dips and interruptionsFrequency disturbancesDC injectionHarmonically enriched waveforms test inverter t

29、racking capabilityTest against Interharmonic susceptibility,34,Voltage Variations,Source voltage varied from 240V 195V.The result is that the inverter detects the low voltage and shuts down at 205V,35,Frequency Fluctuations,The inverter must disconnect itself in the event of a frequency variation th

30、at is out of tolerance.In this example,the inverter being tested has a default setting with a“low”trip limit of 59.3 Hz,and a high limit of 60.50 Hz.The Mx was programmed to start at 60 Hz,and then successively go to 59.80-60.20 59.60 60.40 60.60Hz,36,Frequency variations to test inverter immunity,V

31、oltage Distortion Test,Inverter behavior when the unit is subjected to significant distortion of the public supply(i.e.the immunity and emission of the inverter are both tested in this case),37,Inverter Compliance Test System,IEC 61000-3-15(in draft)2010 Emissions(harmonics and flicker)Compliance Te

32、st for Grid-Tie InvertersSimilar to IEC 61000-3-2/3 and 3-11/12CTS release scheduled for Dec.,2010Requires AC mains simulation,i.e.regenerative capabilityInterharmonic susceptibility testCountry defined DC injectionRequires AC+DC sourceAMETEK CTS is number one in the market,38,Future Compliance Test

33、 Solutions,IEC 62116-2008Islanding prevention for utility-interconnected PV invertersIEC61000-3-15EMC Low frequency phenomena(in draft)GS S1-TUVFull compliance to GPSG and LVD for CE complianceIEC 61727Utility connected PV systems operating in parallel,IEC TS 62578 Power electronics systems and equi

34、pment operation and characteristics of active in-feed converter applications IEC 62124UL1741 IEEE1547GB/T19064GB/T19535GB/T19604UL1741,39,“Surround the Inverter”Compliance Test System,PVInverter,Programmable AC Load,BSS(Battery String Simulator),Regenerative MX Series CTS,Regenerative AC/DC Power,Te

35、rraSAS(PV Simulator),Control and Measurement Software,Why AMETEK?,21 years of Solar Panel and Battery simulation experience Leveraged software maturity and improvementsWe provide fully integrated,warranted systemsWe have develop our systems with the help of industry expertsFlexible design for future programs and growthTraining and on-site commissioning and support is available,It is the Lowest Risk Solution,