雅思阅读判断题技巧解析.doc

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1、雅思阅读判断题技巧解析 雅思阅读判断题，不止有yes和no，还有一个神奇的Not Given.判断题的逻辑推理太烧脑，很多考生都说无从下手， 今天给大家带来了雅思阅读判断题技巧解析,希望能够帮助到大家，一起来学习吧。雅思阅读判断题技巧解析雅思阅读判断题通常又被叫做是非题，题目是若干个陈述句，要求根据原文所给的信息，判断每个陈述句是对(True)、错(False)、还是未提及(Not Given)。有必要为广大的Ieltser介绍下not given型的雅思阅读判断题的前世今生，按照雅思官方的说法，Not Given 的设置是为了降低考生盲选正确的概率，即是是蒙也只有33%的成功率，这相对来说更

2、能测试出考生真实的语言能力。雅思官方呀的良苦用心，造就了一批深受此题困扰的烤鸭。请看*的分析与讲解，看是否能助你脱离此苦海，掌握完全的雅思阅读判断题技巧。首先我们要明确Not Given 是如何界定的，哪种情况才叫做Not Given。我们来看看雅思官方给出的Not Given 的两种界定：1. If there is no information on this.2. If it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about it.简单来说，Not Given 就是一个无端捏造的描述。雅思阅读判断题特点：1、判断题是顺序题2、同时定位两题

3、3、True 、False、 Not Given百分百出现4、True 42% False 38% Not Given 20%雅思考试判断题的考点其实是有规律可循的，在定位好的前提下，需要熟悉判断题中的考点，以快速找到问题之所在，进行判断。一般来说，一道判断题通常考查一或两个考点，常考的雅思阅读判断题考点为：1.是非考点2.数字考点3.绝对考点4.比较考点1. 是非考点如题目：王宝强是一个帅男。“王宝强”是定位词，形容词“帅”就成为考点词。判定是否够帅，即“是非考点”。原文：王宝强是一个帅男。与题干“帅”完全一致，答案选TRUE;原文：王宝强不是一个帅男，“不是”“帅”男，明显抵触于题干中的“

4、帅”，因而答案选FALSE; 原文:孙红雷在国内影坛扮演硬汉形象。原文根本没有出现题干中的定位词“王宝强”，因而答案NOT GIVEN 未提及型; 原文:王宝强长的很有意思。原文中长的“很有意思”，并不一致于题干中的“帅”，也并不抵触于题干中的“帅”，尽管提及了“王宝强”，但是答案依然选NOT GIVEN 证据不足型。每一个判断题都可以考查“是非”考点，通常在题干中的名词，动词，形容词的位置容易生成考点，需要进行判断。如题干：Australians have been turning to alternative therapies in increasing numbers over the

5、 past 20 years.原文： disenchantment with orthodox medicine has seen the popularity of alternative therapies in Australia climb steadily during the past 20 years.题干 increasing numbers=原文 climb steadily,判定是否上升，达成一致，答案为TRUE.2. 数字考点只要题干中存在数字，通常考查数字的准确性。但凡与原文中的数字不符合，答案选FALSE.例如：Q31 MIRTP was divided into f

6、ive phases.(CAM7/TEST2/PASSAGE3),原文： Phase III, from March 1991 to March 1993, focused on the refinement and institutionalization of these activities.题干中的“五个阶段”，与原文中的“三个阶段”，不一致，答案选FALSE.3. 绝对考点只要题干中存在绝对词，通常选FALSE.例如：Q9 Any street child can set up their own small business if given enough support. (CA

7、M4/TEST3/PASSAGE1)原文：Being an entrepreneur is not for everyone, nor for every street child.题干：如果给予足够支持，“任何”孩子都可以建立自己的公司。与原文: “并不是” “每个人”都适合当老板，街头儿童也是如此。明显抵触，答案选FALSE.4. 比较考点两个事物发生比较，通常在题干中出现morethan,容易产生并不存在的比较关系，而选择NOT GIVEN.例如：Q18 Disease-spreading pests respond more quickly to pesticides than agr

8、icultural pests do.(CAM8/TEST4/PASSAGE2),原文：According to a recent study by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), more than 300 species of agricultural pests have developed resistance to a wide range of potent chemicals.题干：传播疾病的害虫对于农药的反应比农业害虫迅速。原文：联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)最近的一项研究显示，超过300种的农业害虫已经对多种强效杀虫剂

9、产生了抗药性。更严重的是，在传播疾病的害虫中，约有100种已经对多种正在使用的杀虫剂产生了免疫力。原文虽然讲到了两种害虫的抗药性，但是并没有进行比较。答案选NOT GIVEN.雅思阅读材料：六个坏习惯将毁掉你的睡眠If you equate getting older with needingor gettingless sleep, heres a wake-up call: Its not true! “The majority of us require between seven and nine hours of shut-eye a night, says Robert Oexma

10、n, D.C., director of the Sleep to Live Institute. “And theres little reasonwhether youre 55 or 80not to get it.” Barring disease, medication and pain (all legitimate sleep interrupters), if patients complain of bad sleep, Dr. Oexman looks at their nighttime habits, where the problem almost always re

11、sides.如果你认为人慢慢长大变老，需要或得到的睡眠更少，那我来提醒你吧，不是这样的!睡眠与生命研究所所长，脊骨神经科医师罗伯特欧克斯曼说道：“大多数人每晚需要7-9小时的睡眠时间。无论你是55还是80岁，都应该做到这一点。”疾病、药物和疼痛除外(这些都可能会干扰睡眠)，如果病人抱怨睡不好觉，欧克斯曼医师会查看其晚间生活习惯来发现问题所在。So, how are you sabotaging your z-z-z-z-zs?所以，你是怎样破坏自己的睡眠的呢?Bad Habit #1: Watching TV until you fall asleep?坏习惯一：看电视看到睡着Why It D

12、isrupts Sleep: It has nothing to do with what you watchDownton Abbey isnt a better pre-sleep choice than Dog the Bounty Hunter. Rather its the exposure to TVs bright light thats the culprit. Artificial bright light after dusk not only enhances alertness, but also delays the production of melatonin,

13、a sleep-inducing hormone. So even if you nod off (in front of the TV, for example), you probably wont stay asleep for long.为什么会影响睡眠：这和你看什么节目没有任何关系，因为唐顿庄园并不是比赏金猎人更好的睡前节目。反而是暴露在电视强光下才是影响你睡眠的罪魁祸首。天黑后的人造强光不仅让人增加警惕性，而且会延迟体内睡眠荷尔蒙褪黑素的生成。所以即使你打盹了(比如在电视机前)，你很可能也睡不了多久。EZZZ Fix: An hour before bedtime, treat y

14、ourself like a baby: a warm bath, followed by a quiet activity in dim lightmeditation, journal writing, reading. But no reading or writing on your computer before bed or in the middle of the night. (Almost half of the respondents in the AOL Email Addiction survey admitted to checking email during th

15、e night. If thats you, keep technology out of the bedroom.)解决方法：睡前一小时，让自己像婴儿一样：洗个热水澡，在暗淡的灯光下做些安静的事情-冥想，写日记，阅读。但是睡前或者半夜绝对不能在电脑上阅读或者写东西。(几乎一半参与美国在线电子邮件上瘾调查的人们承认晚间会查看电子邮件。如果你也是这样，那么记得把高科技关在卧室外面吧。)Bad Habit #2: Sleeping with Fido坏习惯二：抱狗狗睡觉Why It Disrupts Sleep: While animal-lovers argue the emotional be

16、nefits of sharing a pillow with their pets, research shows that pets can contribute to less than sound sleep. How? “Pets have different circadian rhythms than humans, says Oexman. “They sleep most of the day, and they shift a lot when sleepingthey get comfortable, then they move. This goes on all ni

17、ght, and whether you admit it or not, it interrupts your ability to get the level of sleep needed to feel rested. (As for pet dander and allergiessneezing and wheezing are not great sleep enhancers.)为什么会影响睡眠：动物爱好者认为和宠物一起睡觉有情感上的益处，然而研究表明宠物实际上会影响睡眠。这是怎么回事呢?“宠物和人有着不同的生理节律，”欧克斯曼说，“他们每天大多数时候都会睡，睡觉的时候经常动-

18、他们觉得舒服，然后就会动。整晚都会这样，而且无论你承认与否，你都会不知不觉被影响而达不到自己需要的睡眠程度。(至于宠物皮屑和各种过敏导致的打喷嚏和喘息都是会影响睡眠的因素。)EZZZ Fix: For two weeks, put your pooch or cat in a crate outside your closed bedroom door. When your pet can sleep quietly in the crate, move the crate inside your room for another two weeks. When the crate train

19、ing is complete, try letting the dog or cat sleep in his own bed near your bed. Discourage all attempts to jump on your bed and reward all successes for staying in his own bed. (Caveat: Plan on interrupted sleep for a few weeks.)解决方法：坚持两个星期，把家里的狗狗或者猫咪装在板条箱里，把箱子放在卧室外面，然后关起门来。等你的宠物可以在板条箱里安静地睡觉时，再把板条箱搬

20、进卧室里面放两个星期。等这个板条箱里的训练完成时，试着让狗狗或者猫咪在离你床近的地方趴在自己的窝里睡。阻止它所有试图跳上你的床的尝试，奖励它乖乖在自己床上睡觉。(告诫：计划好有几个星期会睡不好觉。)Bad Habit #3: Exercising too close to bedtime?坏习惯三：临睡前做运动Why It Disrupts Sleep: Remember how poorly you sleep when you have a feverdrifting in and out, never really feeling rested? Well, heavy exercise

21、 too close to bedtime has the same effectit raises your core body temperature so that your sleep is fragmented at best until your body temperature drops to normal, which may take several hours.为什么会影响睡眠：记得你发烧的时候睡眠多么糟糕么模模糊糊地睡着醒来，都没怎么休息好。其实睡前做运动是一样的结果这让你身体的核心体温升高，所以你的睡眠会断断续续直到你的体温降到正常范围，这可能会需要好几个小时。EZZ

22、Z Fix: No hardcore exercise at least three hours before bedtime, so when you lay your sleepy head on the pillow, your body temp is normal. Also, keep the bedroom temperature between 65-58 degrees for the ideal sleeping climate. Too cold for you? Pile on the blankets; just make sure your head (no sto

23、cking cap, please) is exposed to the cooler air to help regulate your body temperature.解决方案：睡前至少三小时内不要剧烈运动，这样当你疲倦的脑袋沾到枕头时，你的体温才是正常的。同时，最理想的睡眠条件是保持卧室温度在65-58华氏度(18.3-20摄氏度)之间。对你来说太冷?多盖上几层毯子;保证你的脑袋(请别戴绒线帽)置于冷空气中，帮助调节体温。Bad Habit #4: Drinking too much liquid before bedtime坏习惯四：睡前大量喝水Why It Disrupts Sle

24、ep: The short answeryou have to get up and pee frequently.为什么会影响睡眠：答案很简单-你需要频繁起床去卫生间。EZZZ Fix: Need we also mention that coffee, tea, and colas, are not only diuretics, but also stimulants? Stop drinking caffeinated drinks after lunch and other liquids at least three hours before bedtime because pee

25、ing at night and aging do not automatically go hand in handunless you suffer from a prostate issue, sleep apnea, or weak pelvic muscles, in which case, see your doc for help with the related sleep issues.解决方法：还需要跟你讲咖啡、茶和可乐类饮料不仅利尿，而且有刺激作用么?不要在午饭后喝咖啡因饮料，至少睡前三小时也不要喝其他东西。因为晚上上厕所和衰老并没有紧密联系，除非你有前列腺疾病，睡眠呼吸

26、暂停或者盆腔肌肉脆弱，如果是这些情况，就去请医生帮忙解决和睡眠相关的问题吧。Bad Habit #5: Eating fatty, heavy foods too close to bedtime?坏习惯五：睡前吃油腻且难消化的食物Why It Disrupts Sleep: Heartburn strikes anyone of any age, but its the most common GI disorder in older adults. If youve ever tried to go to sleep after eating a fatty meal, youve pro

27、bably found the discomfort of stomach acids leaking into your esophagus less than conducive to falling asleep or staying asleep.为什么影响睡眠：任何人任何年龄都可能会胃灼热，但这是老年人最常见的胃肠失调毛病。如果你试过在吃了一顿很油腻的饭后去睡觉，你可能会感受到由于胃酸进入食道而引起的不舒服，这不利于入睡或进入睡眠状态。EZZZ Fix: Try to eat your last meal of the day at least 2-3 hours before be

28、d time. Should you feel peckish before bed, consider a carbohydrate-rich snack. Carbs stimulate melatonin production, says Dr. Oexman, so have a (normal size) bowl of cereal, a half a bagel with a spread of hummus, or a small boiled potato. Or maybe have a serving of jasmine rice. According to the J

29、ournal of Clinical Nutrition, eating jasmine rice helped people in a study fall asleep faster than other types of rice. Who knew?解决方案：尝试至少在入睡前2-3小时吃每天的最后一顿饭。如果你睡前肚子饿，考虑下富含碳水化合物的小吃吧。“碳水化合物能刺激褪黑激素的生成，”欧克斯曼医师说道，“所以来一碗(正常大小的碗)麦片，半个抹着鹰嘴豆沙的百吉饼，或者一个小点的煮土豆。”或者吃点香米。根据临床营养学杂志的一项调查研究，吃了香米的人比吃了其他种类的大米的人入睡更快。谁知道

30、呢?Bad Habit #6: Accepting snoring as normal sleep behavior坏习惯六：明明睡觉打呼，却放弃治疗Why It Disrupts Sleep: Snoring may seem as common as breathing, but its considered the biggest sleep disrupter, and its linked to several causes: sleeping on your back, being overweight, having a cold or allergies, drinking,

31、or taking certain medications. At its most serious, its caused by apnea, a potentially life-threatening illness. For the snorer, it disrupts sleep by awakening him/her every so often in order to breathe normally. For the partner, the noise can be deafening.为什么影响睡眠：打鼾也许看似和呼吸一样正常，但它其实是扰乱睡眠的最重要因素，导致打呼噜

32、的原因有好几种：仰着睡，超重，感冒/过敏，喝酒或者吃药。最严重的情形是，打呼是由呼吸暂停引起的一种威胁生命的潜在疾病。因为打呼噜的人每隔一段时间会醒来以保证正常呼吸，所以睡眠不可避免会被影响。EZZZ Fix: For minor problems, try the obvious; lose weight, sleep on your side, take decongestants if you have a cold. In addition, Dr. Oexman recommends using a mouthguard, which is a non-invasive way to

33、 open the breathing passages. To rule out or diagnose apnea, consult your doctor. And never dismiss snoring as just a nuisance until youve discovered the underlying cause. That means no separate bedrooms as the quick fix.解决方案：对于小问题，试试显而易见的方法：减肥，侧卧，感冒了服用去充血剂。除此之外，欧克斯曼医师推荐使用牙托，以一种非侵入式的方式打开呼吸道。去看医生以排除或

34、者诊断呼吸暂停。而且在你发现潜在原因之前，永远不要认为打呼没什么大不了，而将它轻易打发掉。也就是说，不要将分房睡作为解决打呼问题的直接方案。雅思阅读材料：可以听懂你情绪的手机应用Beyond Verbal Communications Ltd., a voice-recognition software developer here, is rolling out an app promising something Siri cant yet deliver: a readout on how you feel.语音识别软件开发商Beyond Verbal Communications Lt

35、d.即将推出一款应用软件，有望实现Siri尚且无法实现的一个功能：把你的情绪显示出来。Called Moodies, it lets a smartphone user speak a few words into the phones mike to produce, about 20 seconds later, an emotional analysis. Beyond Verbal executives say the app is mostly for self-diagnosis - and a bit of fun: It pairs a cartoon face with ea

36、ch analysis, and users can share the face on social media.借助于这款名为“Moodies”的应用，智能手机用户可以朝着手机的麦克风讲话，在大约20秒钟之后生成情绪分析。Beyond Verbal的管理人员说，该应用主要是用于自我诊断，也可以带来一些小小的乐趣：它给每一次分析配上一张卡通脸孔，用户可以把脸孔拿到社交媒体上去分享。But the app is coming out as the company and other developers - many clustered in Tel Aviv - push increasin

37、gly sophisticated hardware and software they say can determine a persons emotional state through analysis of his or her voice.在这款应用面世之际，Beyond Verbal和其他一些开发商很多都扎堆特拉维夫正在推出一些越来越尖端、据它们说可以通过分析语音确定一个人情绪状态的硬件和软件。These companies say the tools can also detect fraud, screen airline passengers and help a call

38、-center technician better deal with an irate customer. And they can be used to keep tabs on employees or screen job applicants. One developer, Tel Aviv-based Nemesysco Ltd., offers what it calls honesty maintenance software aimed at human-resource executives. The firm says that by analyzing a job ap

39、plicants voice at an interview, the program can help identify fibs.这些公司说，这些工具还可以侦测欺诈、检查飞机乘客、帮助呼叫中心技术人员更好地对付发飙的顾客。它们可以用来监视员工或筛选求职者。特拉维夫开发商Nemesysco Ltd.推出以人力资源经理为目标客户的“诚信维护”软件。该公司说，这套程序可以通过分析求职者在面试期间的说话声音来帮助辨别谎言。Thats raising alarm among many voice-analysis experts, who question the accuracy of such

40、on-the-spot interpretations. Its also raising worries among privacy advocates, who say such technology - especially if it is being rolled out in cheap, easy-to-use smartphone apps - could be a fresh threat to privacy.这引起了很多语音分析专家的警惕，他们对这类现场转译的准确性提出了质疑。也引起了很多隐私鼓吹者的忧虑，他们说，这类技术有可能成为一种新的隐私威胁，如果是以便宜好用的智能

41、手机应用的形式推出，威胁就更为严重。Depending on how the analysis is performed, used and shared, there could well be breaches of certain privacy laws, says Gwendolen Morgan, an associate at Bindmans LLP, a London human-rights law firm.伦敦人权律师事务所Bindmans LLP合伙人格温德琳?摩根(Gwendolen Morgan)说，这些分析“很有可能违反了某些隐私法规”，具体要看它们是怎样运行以

42、及被使用和共享的。The new wave of technology is based on so-called layered voice analysis, and its related to the much broader, more established field of speech-to-text sentiment analysis. Verint Systems Inc., Thomson Reuters PLC and Hewlett-Packard Co. and others have long used speech-to-text technology to

43、record phone calls and break them down into so-called text-based sentiment intelligence by flagging the occurrence of keywords or types of words. Call centers use the data to teach employees to keep customers on the phone or monitor employees for training purposes.这一波新的技术浪潮基于“深层语音分析”(layered voice a

44、nalysis)，跟更广泛、更成熟的“语音转文字”(speech-to-text)情绪分析领域有关。Verint Systems Inc.、汤森路透(Thomson Reuters PLC)、惠普(Hewlett-Packard Co.)等公司曾长期使用语音转文字技术来记录通话，并把出现在其中的关键词或某些词语种类标注出来，从而将通话分解为“基于文本的情绪情报”。呼叫中心用这些数据教员工如何让客户保持通话，或为了培训的目的而监测员工。The new speech-focused tools come as other companies are marketing body-language

45、and facial-recognition sentiment-analysis tools - including an app for Google Inc.s Google Glass.在这些新的语音分析工具面世之际，其他公司也在销售身体语言和面部识别类的情绪分析工具，比如一款针对谷歌公司(Google Inc.)“谷歌眼镜”(Google Glass)的应用。Voice-recognition and analysis specialists say there is no question that emotions and patterns of speech can be li

46、nked. But many say the utility of the analysis can be limited by the extent to which voice samples have been collected - often requiring years of samples to detect variations caused by emotions.语音识别与分析专家说，情绪和语音形态可能存在关联，这一点勿庸置疑。但很多人说，这类分析的实用性可能受制于语音样本的采集规模，常常需要采集多年的样本才能侦测到情绪造成的变异。Andrew Baron, assist

47、ant professor of psychology at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, says information produced by a lot of the commercially focused voice-recognition technology can be fuzzy.温哥华英属哥伦比亚大学(University of British Columbia)心理学助理教授安德鲁?巴伦(Andrew Baron)说，很多以商业为重的语音识别技术所产生的信息都有可能是“失真”的。We simply do

48、nt have the technology today, at the level of cognitive neuroscience, to really know the precise content of a persons thought or emotion, Mr. Baron says.巴伦说：“想要真正知道一个人思想或情绪的准确内容，我们今天根本就没有在认知神经科学的层面掌握这样的技术。”Israel has become an epicenter of the new technology largely because of its role as an incubator for security-focused technology. Nemesysco markets to security companies and law-enforcement agencies, as well as insurance