人教版初中八年级-上册英语语法汇总.docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上人教版初中八年级上册英语语法汇总1) leave 的用法1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地” 。例如When did you leave Shanghai?你什么时候离开上海的2.“leave for+ 地点”表示“动身去某地” 。例如Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.下周五3.“leave+地点 +for+ 地点”表示“离开某地去某地” 。例如Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?你为什么要离开上海去北京2) 情态动词 should“应该”学会使用should 作为情态动

2、词用 ”的意思 Howshould I know? 我怎么知道Why should you be so late today?你今天为什么来得这么晚should 有时表示应当做或发生的事We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。我们在使用时要注意以下几点1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服3. 用

3、于表示可能性。 should 的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。3) What.? 与 Which.?1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词 what 仅用来询问职业。如What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的该句相当于 What does your father do?What is your fathers job?Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如-Which is Peter? 哪

4、个是皮特-The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。2. What.?是泛指 Which.?是特指What color do you like best?你最喜爱什么颜色Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? 范围1专心-专注-专业你最喜爱哪一种颜色3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国4) 频度副词的位置1.常见的频度副词有以下这些alwaysusuallyoftensometimesnever2.

5、频度副词的位置a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如David is often arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到。b.放在行为动词前。如We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天经常在 7 10 去上学。c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.有时我步行回家 行车。3.never 放在句首时Never have I been there.5) every day 与 everyday1. every day 作状语We g

6、o to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天 7 10 去上学。I decide to read English every day.我决定每天读英语。2. everyday 作定语She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。Whats your everyday activity?你的日常活动是什么6) 什么是助动词1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词 Auxiliary VerbMain Verb助动词自身没有词义He doesnt like English. 他不喜欢英语。do

7、esnt 是助动词 like 是主要动词2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用a. 表示时态He is singing. 他在唱歌。2He has got married. 他已结婚。b. 表示语态He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。c. 构成疑问句Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗d. 与否定副词 not 合用I dont like him. 我不喜欢他。e. 加强语气Do come to the party tomorrow

8、evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。3.最常用的助动词有 be, have, do, shall, will, should, would7) forget doing/to do 与 remember doing/to do1.forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做)The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着 (没有做关灯的动作 )He forgot turning the

9、 light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作 )Dont forget to come tomorrow.别忘了明天来。(to come 动作未做 )典型例题- The light in the office is still on.- Oh I forgot_.A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 答案 C。由 the light is still on 可知灯亮着 forget to do sth. 而 forgetdoing sth 表示灯已经关上了 此

10、处不符合题意。2.remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。Dont you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗 ?8) Its for sb. 和 Its of sb.1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点 easy, hard, difficult,interesting, impossible 等Its very hard for him to study

11、 two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格 good,kind, nice, clever, foolish, right 。Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我3.for 与 of 的辨别方法用介词后面的代词作主语of for。如3You are nice. (通顺 of)。He is hard. (人是困难的 for。)9) 对两个句子的提问新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势 现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如句子 The boy in blue has thr

12、ee pens.提问 1.Who has three pens?2.Which boy has three pens?3.What does the boy in blue have?4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?很显然 角度句子 He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.提问 1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?2.Where does he usually g

13、o with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?10) so、such 与不定冠

14、词的使用1.so 与不定冠词 a、an 连用 so+形容词 +a/an+名词”。如He is so funny a boy.Jim has so big a house.2.such 与不定冠词 a、an 连用 such+a/an+形容词 +名词”。如It is such a nice day.That was such an interesting story.11) 使用 -ing 分词的几种情况1.在进行时态中。如He is watching TV in the room.They were dancing at nine oclock last night.2.在 there be 结

15、构中。如There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在 have fun/problems 结构中。如We have fun learning English this term.They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.4.在介词后面。如Thanks for helping me.Are you good at playing basketball.5.在以下结构中enjoy doing sth 乐于做某事finish doing sth 完成做某事feel like doing sth 想要做

16、某事4stop doing sth 停止做某事forget doing sth 忘记做过某事go on doing sth 继续做某事remember doing sth 记得做过某事like doing sth 喜欢做某事keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到 /听到/观看某人做某事try doing sth 试图做某事need doing sth 需要做某事prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事mind doing sth 介意做某事practice doing

17、 sth 练习做某事be busy doing sth 忙于做某事cant help doing sth 禁不住做某事miss doing sth 错过做某事12) 英语中的“单数”1.主语的第三人称单数形式 he, she, it”代替的。如he, she, it my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Marys uncle2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如man -men 复数banana -bananas3.动词有原形 -ing 分词go-goes-going-went-gonework-works-working-worked-worke

18、dwatch-watches-watching-watched-watched当主语为第三人称单数的时候 动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如The boy wants to be a sales assistant.Our English teacher is from the US.Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.13) 名词的复数构成的几种形式名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。I 名词复数的规则变化1.一般在名词词尾加 -s。如pear-pears hamburger-hamburgers desk-desk

19、s tree-trees2.以字母 -s, -sh, -ch, -x 结尾的名词 -es。如class-classes dish-dishes watch-watches box-boxes3.以字母 -o 结尾的某些名词 -es。如potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes Negro-Negroes hero-heroes4.以辅音字母加 -y 结尾的名词 -y 变为-i,再加-es。如family-families dictionary-dictionaries city-cities country-countries5.以字母 -f 或-fe 结尾的名词 -f 或

20、-fe 变为 -v -es。如5half-halves leaf-leaves thief-thieves knife-knives self-selveswife-wives life-lives wolf-wolves shelf-shelves loaf-loaves但是scarf-scarves(fes) roof-roofs serf-serfs gulf-gulfs chief-chiefsproof-proofs belief-beliefsII 名词复数的不规则变化1.将-oo 改为-ee。如 foot-feet tooth-teeth2. 将 -man 改 为 -men 。

21、如 man-men woman-women policeman-policemenpostman-postmen3.添加词尾。如 child-children4.单复数同形。如 sheep-sheep deer-deer fish-fish people-people5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。即“中日瑞不变英法变 -s 加后面”。如Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Swiss-Swiss Englishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-Frenchmen American-Americans Australian-AustraliansC

22、anadian-Canadians Korean-Koreans Russian-Russians Indian-Indians6.其它。如mouse-mice apple tree-apple trees man teacher-men teachers14) 双写最后一个字母的 -ing 分词初中阶段常见的有以下这些1.letletting 让hithitting 打、撞cutcutting 切、割getgetting 取、得到sitsitting 坐forgetforgetting 忘记putputting 放setsetting 设置babysitbabysitting 临时受雇照顾婴

23、儿2.shopshopping 购物triptripping 绊stopstopping 停止dropdropping 放弃3.traveltravel(l)ing 旅游swimswimming 游泳runrunning 跑步digdigging 挖、掘beginbeginning 开始preferpreferring 宁愿planplanning 计划15) 肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词1.some 变为 any。如There are some birds in the tree. There arent any birds in the tree.6但是 some 可以不变。如Wo

24、uld you like some orange juice?与此相关的一些不定代词如 something, somebody 等也要进行相应变化。2.and变为 or。如I have a knife and a ruler.I dont have a knife or a ruler.3.a lot of (=lots of) 变为 many 或 much。如They have a lot of friends.They dont have many friends.There is lots of orange in the bottle.There isnt much orange in

25、 the bottle.4.already 变为 yet。如I have been there already.I havent been there yet.16) in 与 afterin 与 after 都可以表示时间1.in 经常用于将来时的句子中He will leave for Beijing in a week.一周后他会动身去北京。2.after 经常用于过去时的句子中He left for Beijing after a week.一周后他动身去了北京。不过 after 后跟的是具体的时刻We will finish the work after ten oclock.十点后

26、我们会完成工作的。3.注意区分以下的 in 的用法。Ill visit him in a week.一周后我会去拜访他。Ill visit him twice in a week.一周内我会去拜访他两次。17) 不定冠词 a 与 an 的使用1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如There is a b in the word book.单词 book 中有个字母 b。类似的字母还有 c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z 。She has a small knife. 她有一把小刀。2.an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如There is an i in

27、the word onion. 单词 onion 中有个字母 i。类似的字母还有 a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x 。Do you have an umbrella? 你有一把雨伞吗3.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用 an用 a。如 a useful book a universe a one-letter word an hour an uncle7an umbrella an honest person18) 如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种1、put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。如He put on his coat. 他

28、穿上了他的外套。Youd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。如The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。The girl is wearing a red skirt. 那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。3、dress 可作及物动词 .穿衣”的意思 而不是“衣服” 。如Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。dress 也可作不及物动词 衣着的习惯。如The woman always dresses in green.那位妇

29、女总是穿绿色的衣服。4、be in 表示穿着的状态。如John is in white today. 约翰今天穿白色的衣服。The man in black is a football coach.19) a little, a few 与 a bit (of)a little, a few 与 a bit (of) 都有“一些、少量”的意义。他们的区别在哪里呢1. a little 意为“一些、少量”There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。还可以接形容词。如He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。2. a few 意为“一些、

30、少数”There are a few people in the room. 房间里有一些人。3. a bit 意为“一点儿” 如Its a bit cold. 有点冷。a bit of 后接不可数名词。如He has a bit of money. 他有一点儿钱。4. a little 表肯定意义 little 表否定意义 a few 表肯定意义 few 表否定意义。如There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一点儿汽水。There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有汽水了。I have a few Chinese

31、 friends. 我有一些中国朋友。Few people like him. 几乎没有人喜欢他。5. a little = a bit of, 后接不可数名词a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容词20) 关于 like 的用法like 可以作动词1、like 作动词 ”Do you like the color? 你喜爱这种颜色吗like 后可接不定式 like to do sth -ing 分词like doing sth8She likes eating apples.她喜爱吃苹果。 惯She likes to eat an ap

32、ple.她喜爱吃一粒苹果。like 与 would 连用Would you like a cup of tea? 您愿意喝杯茶吗“喜欢某人做某事”可以用结构“ like sb to do sth/doing sth ”。如They all like me to sing/singing English songs. 他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。2、like 作介词 .”。如She is friendly to us like a mother. 她对我们友好 一样。It looks like an orange. 它看起来像个桔子。3、区分以下句子A. What does he look like?

33、 B. What is he like?A 句译为“他长相如何 B 句译为“他人怎么样的性格特点。C. The boy like Peter is over there. D. A boy like Peter cant do it.A 句指外貌相似 D 句指性格相似。21) stop to do sth 与 stop doing sth1. stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事” 。如The students stop to listen to their teacher.学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。2. stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事” 。如The stud

34、ents stopped talking. 学生们停止了谈话。与它们相反的句式是go on to do sth “继续做某事 go on doing sth “继续做某事He finishes his homework and goes on to study English. 他完成了作业They went on playing games. 他们继续玩游戏。22) tell, speak, say 与 talk1. tell 意为“告诉、讲述”He tells me that he wants to be a teacher. 他告诉我说他想成为一位教师。Father always tel

35、ls interesting stories to us. 爸爸总是给我们讲有趣的故事。tell sb sth 意为“告知某人某事” 。如He told me something about his past.他告诉我一些他的往事。tell sb to do sth 意为“告诉某人去做某事” 。如David told his son to do the homework. 大卫要他的儿子去做作业。2. speak 意为“说话、讲话”He can speak English and a little Chinese.他能讲英语和一点汉语。speak to 意为“和 .讲话、谈话” 。如Can I

36、 speak to Mr Zhang? 我能和张先生讲话吗speak of 意为“提到、说起” 。如The book speaks of my hometown. 那本书提到我的家乡。3. talk 意为“谈话、讲话” talk to 方或9多方交谈 with 。如Please talk to him right now. 请立即同他谈话。He is talking with his friend. 他在和朋友交谈。talk about 意为“谈论 .”。如They are talking about the movie. 他们在谈论那部电影。have a talk with 意为“与 .交谈

37、”。如Can I have a talk with you? 我可以和你交谈吗4. say 意为“说”。如Can you say it in English once more? 你能用英语再说一遍吗say to 意为“对 .说”。如He said to his students that they would have a test.他对他的学生说他们将有一个测试。It is said that. 意为“据说” 。如It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time.据说他能呆在水里很长时间。23) Excuse me!

38、 与 Im sorry!1. Excuse me! 意为“打搅了 ”Excuse me, is there a hotel in the neighborhood? 请问 旅馆吗Excuse me, could I say something? 打搅一下2. Im sorry! 意为“对不起Im sorry, Mr Zhang. I wont do it again. 对不起24) 表示时间的 in、on 与 at in, on 与 at 都可以和表示时间的词组连用。1. in 表示时间的一段或较长的时间。如in the morning 在上午in May, 2004 在 2004 年五月in

39、 a week 在一周之内Its Sunday, I can finish it in two days.现在是星期天 期二Rome was not built in a day.罗马不是在一天内建起来的。2. on 主要指在具体的一天。如on Sunday 在星期天on May Day 在“五一”节on a hot afternoon 在一个炎热的下午He arrived in Beijing on April 26,2004. 他于 2004 年 4 月 26 日到达北京。3. at 表示时间的一点或比较短的时间。如at 8:00 在八点at noon 在中午I always get up

40、 at 6:00 every morning. 我总是每天早晨六点起床。Its always warm at this time of year. 每年的这个时候总是暖和的。1025) Other 及其用法Other 及其相近的词如 others, the other, the others, another, any other 等 们比较困扰的问题1、other 指其余的人或物 others others the other 指“两个人或物中的另一个” the others others 相当于“ other + 名词”others 指整体中去掉一部分后剩余的部分 some.others.

41、其余的人 . the others 强调整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部 some.the others.2、another 泛指三个以上的不定数目中的“另外一个” 。由 an 和 other 合并构成能和冠词连用。 another 修饰单数名词 another pencil.3、any other 指除去本身以外的“任何其他的人或物”26) look 短语常见的 look 短语有以下这些1.look at 朝.看Please look at the map of China. 请看中国地图。 (look at=have a look at)2.look for 寻找The old man is

42、looking for his dog. 老人在寻找他的狗。3.look like 看起来像 Nancy looks like her mother. 南希看起来像她母亲。4.look the same 看上去一样Li Ping and Li Jing look the same. 李萍和李晶看上去一样。5.look up 查找Please look up the word in the dictionary. 请在词典中查找这个单词。6.look over 仔细检查 The doctor looked over Mary carefully. 医生仔细检查了玛丽。7.look after 照

43、顾 You must look after your old father. 你必须照顾你的老父亲。8.look around 到处寻找、 查看 We looked around, but we found nothing strange. 我们四处查看27) too also 与 either1.too 用于肯定句和疑问句We are in the same school, too. 我们也在相同的学校。Do you play soccer every day, too? 你也每天踢足球吗2.also 用于肯定句和疑问句 一般位于实义动词前、 be 动词后。如Sandra is also a

44、 Korean student. Sandra 也是一个韩国学生。3.either 用于否定句They dont know the answer, either. 她们也不知道答案。4.as well as 也有“也”的意思。如We have great mushroom pizza as well as soda.He is a happy boy as well.28) hard 与 hardly 1.hard 既可作形容词Its a hard(adj.) question. (=difficult) 这是一个难的问题。The boy studies very hard(adv.). 那男

45、孩学习非常努力。句子结构 Its hard for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是难的。如11Its hard for him to finish the work. 完成那项工作对他来说很难。注意区分hard work 困难的工作work hard 努力工作2.hardly 是频度副词 表示否定的意思。 =almost notI can hardly see it. 我几乎看不到它。29) sometime,sometimes,some time与 some times1.sometime 是时间副词 或过去某一点时间Well go to Beijing sometime next month. 我们下个月某一时候会去北京。2.sometimes 是频度副词 =at timesSometimes I get up very late on Sunday morning. 有时候我在星期天早晨起得很晚。3.some time 是名词词组It took him some time to finish the book. 她花了一些时间去完成作业。4.some times 指“几次”。如He met the woman some times last month. 上个月他见