外研版八年级英语上册语法知识点汇总.doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上M1-已学时态总结一、一般现在时一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如often, usually, always, sometimes, never, seldom, every week/day/year/month., once a week, on Sundays等。动词用原形。当主语为第三人称单数时（he, she, it, 一个人名） ，动词变为三单形式。肯定句否定句一般疑问句特殊疑问句Be动词主语+am/is/are+其它 I am a boy.主语+am/is/are not+其它I am not a boy.Am/is/a

2、re+主语+其它Are you a boy?Yes, I am.No, I am not.疑问词（where/what/when/who/why/how）+am/is/are+主语+其它Where are you?行为动词第一人称I、第二人称you、复数主语+动词原形(+其它)。We play basketball after school everyday.主语+ dont+动词原形(+其它)。we dont play basketball after school everyday.Do +主语+动词原形+其它?Do you play basketball after school eve

3、ryday? Yes, we do. / No, we dont.疑问词+ do +主语+动词原形+其它?What do you do after school everyday?第三人称单数主语+动词三单式(+其它)。 He swims well.主语+ doesnt+动词原形(+其它)。 He doesnt swim well.Does +主语+动词原形+其它。Does he swim well ?Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.疑问词+ does +主语+动词原形+其它。How does your father go to work?第三人称单数的动词变化规则

4、：（只有在第三人称(he, she, it, 一个人名)为主语的肯定句中，动词才用三单式）(1)一般情况下，直接加s：runsgetslikes (2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母，结尾加es：watches, goes, washes, crosses, mixes, does (3)动词末尾y，前为辅音，将y改为i加es：studystudies flyflies 但在y前如果为元音则直接加s：buyssays plays(4)不规则变形： havehas二、一般将来时一般将来时表示将来发生的事。常与tomorrow, next day/week/month/year

5、., soon, in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow, in the future等时间状语连用。Will/shall +动词原形；（shall用语第一人称） be(am/is/are) going to+ 动词原形肯定句否定句一般疑问句特殊疑问句Will/shall+动词原形 主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它成份she will write to him next week.主语 + will /shall+ not + 动词原形 +其它成份She will not write to him next week.will/shall+主

6、语 +动词原形+其它成份Will she write to him next week?疑问词+will/shall+主语 +动词原形+其它成份what will she do next week?Be going to +动词原形主语+ be(am ,is,are) going to +动词原形+其它成份My sister is going to learn English next year. 主语+be（am，is，are）notgoing to +动词原形+其它成份My sister is not going to learn English next year. Be (am / i

7、s / are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它成份?Is your sister going to learn English next year?疑问词+ be (am / is / are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它成份?What is your sister going to do next year?三、一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事情或存在的状态。常与过去时间yesterday，ago, this morning，just now，a moment ago，last night / year / week/month，once u

8、pon a time，the other day，before，the day before yesterday, in 1989, at the age of five, one day, then(那时), on that day, in the past连用。常见动词不规则变化am、is -was are -were begin-began bring-brought buy-bought can-could come-came do-did draw-drew drink-drank drive-drove eat-ate feel-felt fly-flew find-found t

9、ake-took get-got give-gave go-went have-had leave-left make-made pay-paid put-put read-read run-ran say-said see-saw sit-sat sleep-slept spend-spent stand-stood swim-swam write-wrote动词过去式规则变化表一般情况加edwalk-walked 以字母e结尾加dlive-lived以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i再加edhurry-hurried以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节 辅元辅形式双写辅音字母再加edstop-stopp

10、ed 肯定句否定句一般疑问句特殊疑问句Be动词主语+was/were+其他Ihesheit+was weyouthey + wereShe was a baby ten years ago.主语+was/were+ not+其他She was not a baby ten years ago.Was/were + 主语+其它Was she a baby ten years ago?疑问词+was/were +主语+其它Who was a baby ten years ago?行为动词主语+动词过去式+其它He went to school yesterday.主语+ didnt + 动词原形+

11、其它He didnt go to school yesterday.Did + 主语+动词原形+其它？Did he go to school yesterday?疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？What did he do yesterday?四、现在进行时现在进行时表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。常与now, at this time, these days, Listen! Look! at this moment/time等词连用。肯定句否定句一般疑问句特殊疑问句现在进行时主语+be（am/is/are）+v-ing+其它She is playing in the garden

12、.主语+be（am/is/are）+not+ v-ing+其它She is not playing in the gardenBe（is/am/are）+主语+v-ing+其它？Is she playing in the garden?疑问词+ be（am/is/are）+v-ing+其它？What is she doing in the garden?动词加ing规则(1)直接在后加ing. going, starting, working.(2)去掉词尾不发音的e，再加ing. leave-leaving, make-making.注意：如果单词结尾的e发音，则不能去掉，也直接加ing.

13、see seeing agree - agreeing .另外，有少数动词比较特殊，请用心记住：lie lying die dying tie tying picnic - picnicking.(3) 对于动词只有一个元音，而其后跟了一个辅音字母时，双写末尾辅音字母再加ing. sitting, beginning run running stop stopping cut cutting control controlling一般现在时、现在进行时、一般将来时、一般过去时专项练习 一 单项选择题1. _ he _ to the park at 6:30 in the morning? No

14、, he _. A. Does; goes; does B. Does; go; doesnt C. Does; go; does2. What colour _ you _ this bookcase? I _ it pink.A.are; going to paint; am going to paint B.do; paint; paint C.did; paint; painted3. Tim always _ a picture at home. He _ a car now. A. draws; is drawing B. draw; draw C. draws; draw4. S

15、he usually _ her friends. They often _ tea. A. see; drink B. sees; drinks C. sees; drink5. He usually _ the dishes at night, but tonight he _ clothes. A. wash; wash B. washes; is going to wash C. is washing; washes6. Mr. Green usually _ his newspaper in the evening, but he and his wife _ television

16、yesterday evening. A. reads; watches B. reads; is going to watch C. reads; watched7. Where are the man and the woman? They _ near the tree. A. sit B. sat C. are sitting 8. _ your pen pal _ diving? No, he _ .He _ writing stories.A. Does; like; doesnt; likes B.Does; likes; doesnt; like C. Do; like; do

17、nt; likes9. _ you _ fishing yesterday? No, we _ .A. Does; go; doesnt B. Did; go; didnt C. Do; go; dont10. Open the window, please. Look! He _ it A. opens B. is openning C. is opening11. I usually _ some milk every day. But I _ coffee yesterday.A. drink; drank B. is drinking; drink C. drank; am drink

18、ing12. Mr. Green often _ his newspapers at night. But he _ an interesting book tonight. A. reads; reads B. reads; read C. reads; is going to read13. The old man _ playing sports in the park. He _ morning exercise now. A. likes; is doing B. likes; does C. like; doing14. What _ you usually _ in the ev

19、ening? I _ computer games.What _ you _ last night? I _ a book. A. do; do; play B. did; do; played C. does; do; plays did; do; read do; do; read do; do; am reading15. Where _ the boy _? He _ across the river now. A. does; swim; swims B. is; swimming; is swimming C.is; swimming; is swimming16. _ you _

20、 to music now? Yes, we _. A. Do; listen; do B. Did; listen; did C. Are; listening; are17. Put on you coat, please. OK. I _ it on. A. am putting B. am going to put C. put18. _ you _ coffee? Yes, I _. A. Do; like; do B. Did; like; did C. Are; like; am 19. Look! Two cats _ across the wall. A. run B. ru

21、ns C. are running 20. She _ tea, but he _. A. likes; doesnt B; like; dont C. like; doesnt21. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating. A. isnt rainB. wont rain C. doesnt rainD. doesnt fine22. Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospitalA work; worksB works; workCwork; are workingD is working; wo

22、rk23. -I dont know if his uncle _. - I think he _ if it doesnt rain.A will come; comes B will come; will come C comes; comes D comes; will come24. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going toB. will going to be C. is going to be二 用动词的正确形式填空按要求变换句型。 1. Father bought me a new bike.（同义句Fat

23、her bought _ _ _ _ me. 2. Frank read an interesting book about history.一般疑问句_ Frank _ an interesting book about history? 1. Hes cleaning his rooms.（划线提问）_ he _? 4. Why not go out for a walk? （同义句）_ _ _ out for a walk? 5. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句）Thomas _ _ RMB 10 on this book. 6. My fa

24、mily went to the beach last week. （划线提问）_ _ _ family _ last week? 7. I had some friends. （一般疑问句）_ _ have _ friends? 8. I think she is Lilys sister. （否定句）_ 9. Sally often does some reading in the morning.否定句 Sally _ often _ some reading in the morning. 10. He is a tall, thin boy. （划线提问）_ _ he _ _?11.

25、That shirt cost 15 dollars. (就划线部分提问) _ _ _ that shirt cost?12.He forgot when the meeting began. (对划线部分提问) _ _ he _?13. Mary doesnt often watch football matches（肯定句）_M2-M4形容词副词的比较级和最高级一、形容词的比较等级和最高等级：（一）形容词的比较级和最高级的构成规则变化： 1单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成情况构成方式原级比较级最高级一般情况加-er或-estnewlongnewerlongernewestlon

26、gest以e 结尾的词加-r或-stfinelatefinerlaterfinestlatest 以“辅音+y” 结尾的词 变y为i再加-er或-estearlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest 重读闭音节的词末尾只有一个辅音字母先 双写辅音字母，再加-er或-esthotthinfathotterthinnerfatterhottestthinnestfattest2 多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或 most。如：原级 比较级 最高级useful more usefulmost usefuldifficult more difficult m

27、ost difficultdelicious more delicious most delicious【重点】3有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化：原级比较级最高级good / wellbetterbestbad / illworseworstmany / muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder（新旧或年龄）/elder（兄弟姐妹的长幼关系）oldest/ eldestfarfarther（表示距离，译为“更远”）/ further（表示程度，译为“进一步的”）farthest/ furthest（二） 形容词比较级的用法 1形容词的比较级可以单独使用

28、： Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。 Which book is better? 哪本书更好？ 2也可以和than连用，表示两者相比，than后可以跟：a. 名词或代词： He is older than me / I . 他年龄比我大。b. 动名词：Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。c. 从句： I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好。（三）形容词比较级的修饰语 修饰形容词,副词比较级的常用修饰词有:no, a little, a bit, much, e

29、ven, still, a lot, a great deal, far, by far, rather, any等.1) 只用于修饰比较级的： much;still;even2) 既可以修饰比较级又可以修饰原级的：a little; a bit; rather 等 。3) 在这些词中,其中no在修饰比较级时,在意义上否定两者,表示前者在某方面不比后者强多少. He is no richer than Peter. 他不比彼得富裕多少.=He is as poor as Peter. 他和彼得一样穷.表示前者比后者强一点时,通常采用a little,a bit等. The room is a

30、bit larger than that one.这个房间比那个稍大一点.4) 表示前者比后者强很多时,通常采用much,even,still等.(still修饰形容词,副词的比较级时,可以位于比较级之前或之后.) He works still harder than ever. =He works harder still than ever.他比以往更加努力学习了.5) 表示前者在某方面远远地超过对方时,通常采用far,by far,a lot,a great deal等. Matters are a lot better than ever before. 情况远远比以往好.6) 在否定

31、句,疑问句或条件状语从句中,修饰形容词,副词的比较级,只能用any来修饰. He cant jump any higher. 他不能跳得更高了. Can he jump any higher? 他能跳得更高一些吗? Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好一点了吗？ If you can jump any higher, I will give you a prize.如果你能跳得更高些,我就奖励你.7) 比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词： My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十岁。【难点】（四）形容词比较级

32、的特殊用法1和more有关的词组 ：1) the morethe more越就越。例如：The harder you work，the greater progress youll make. 越努力，进步越大。2) no more than 与一样。例如：The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。3） more than超过，不只是。例如：There are more than two thousand people in the hall.2和less有关的词组1) less than 不到 不太： It

33、was ready in less than a week. 2) no less than 多达 不少于 No less than 2 million people came. 至少来了2百万人。3) more or less 基本上 大体上 大约 The work is more or less finished. 这项工作基本上完成了。3还有as + 形容词或副词原级 + as1) A be as.as B和.一样2) A be not so/asas B。A和B不一样，A比不上BHe cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。3) 当as as 中间有名

34、词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词/； This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。as + many/much +可数名词/不可数名词。I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。3)表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如： This room is twice as big as that one. =This room is two time big as that one. =This room is two times big

35、ger than that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。 Your room is the same size as mine.你的房间和我的一样大。（五） 形容词最高级用法1the + 最高级 + 比较范围 1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，例如： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。 说明 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。例如： It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.

36、 这是个很重要的问题。 注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 （错）Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. （对）Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2） 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如：This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。 注意：序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如： Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。3） 最

37、高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 或者：=Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.（六）形容词最高级的特殊用法 1. 形容词最高级可用作表语，这时定冠词the 可以省略。 例句：I think her plan is best. 我认为她的计划最好。2.形容词最高级还可和at 构成许多短语作状语，如 at best, at least, at most等。 例句：Ill be with you at latest b

38、y ten. 我最迟十点钟就来陪你。【基础练习】( ) 1 Your room is _ than mine. A. three time big B. three times big C. three times bigger D. bigger three times ( ) 2 When spring comes, it gets_. A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter ( )3 _ he read the book, _ he got in it. A. Th

39、e more; the more interesting B. The less; the more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested ( )4 I like_ one of the two books. A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older ( ) 5 Which do you like _, tea or coffee? A. well B. better C. best D. most ( ) 6 This work is _ f

40、or me than for you. A. difficult B. most difficult C. much difficult D. more difficult ( ) 7 Who jumped_of all? A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far ( ) 8 Li Lei is_ student in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest ( ) 9 Tom is one of _ boys in our class. A. tallest B. tall

41、er C. the tallest B. the tall ( ) 10 English is one of_ spoken in the world. A. the important languages B. the most important languages C. most important language D. the most important language ( )12 Im not _ to lift the heavy box. A. short enough B. enough tall C. health enough D. strong enough ( )

42、13 Which is_, Li Lei or Wu Tong? A. strong B. strongest C. stronger D. the strongest ( )14 Do you have _ to tell us? A. something new B. new something C. anything new D. new anything ( ) 15. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _.A. more and rich B. more rich and more richC. richer and richer D.