Skill Approach.ppt
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1、Skill Approach,Chapter 3,Trail Approach,Personality characteristics(stable)not useful for training and development for leadershipCertain people were born with special traits that made them great leaders.Trail are who leaders are(i.e.,their innate characteristics),Skill Approach,Skills are what leade
2、rs can accomplish.A leader-centered perspective on leadership.An emphasis on skills and abilities that can be learned and developed.The skill approach suggests that knowledge and abilities are needed for effective leadership.,Skill Approach,1955Robert Katz(Harvard Business Review:Skills of an Effect
3、ive Administrator)Katzs article appeared at a time when researchers were trying to identify a definitive set of leadership traits.Katzs approach was an attempt to transcend the trait problem by addressing leadership as a set of developable skills.,Three-Skill Approach,Katz suggested that effective a
4、dministration(i.e.,leadership)depends on three basic personal skills:technical,human,and conceptual skills.,Technical Skill,Technical skill is knowledge about and proficiency in a specific type of work or activity.It includes competencies in a specialized area,analytical ability,and the ability to u
5、se appropriate tools and techniques.Technical skill is most important at lower and middle levels of management and less important in upper management.,Human Skill,People skills.Human skill is knowledge about and ability to work with people.Human skill allow a leader to assist group members in workin
6、g cooperatively as a group to achieve common goals.,Conceptual Skill,Conceptual skills are abilities to work with ideas and concepts.A leader with conceptual skills is comfortable talking about the ideas that shape an organization and the intricacies involved.A leader with conceptual skills works ea
7、sily with abstractions and hypothetical notions.,Conceptual Skill,Conceptual skills are central to creating a vision and strategic plan for an organization.Understanding what an organization stands for and where it is or should be going.,Skill Approach,Technical Skillsdeal with things.Human Skillsde
8、al with people.Conceptual skillsthe ability to work with ideas.,Skill Approach,It is important for leaders to have all three skills,but depending on where they are in the management structure,some skills are more important than others.,Skill Model,1990Mumford and his colleagues(a leaders effectivene
9、ss depends on the leaders ability to solve complex organizational problems).Leadership capabilities can be developed through education and experience.The skills approach suggests that many people have the potential for leadership.,Skill Model,Mumfords groups skill-based model has five components:com
10、petencies,individual attributes,leadership outcomes,career experiences,and environmental influence,Skill Model,The skills approach frames leadership as the capabilities(knowledge and skills)that make effective leadership possible.,Competencies,Problem-Solving SkillsSocial Judgment SkillsKnowledge,Pr
11、oblem-Solving Skills,Problem-solving skills are a leaders creative ability to solve new and unusual,ill-defined organizational problems.The skills included being able to define significant problems,gather problem information,formulate new understandings about the problem,and generate prototype plans
12、 for problem solutions.,Social Judgment Skills,Socail judgment skills are similar to Katzs(1955)early work on the role of human skills in management.Social judgment skills are the capacity to understand people and social systems.,Social Judgment Skills,They enable leaders to work with others to solv
13、e problems and to marshal support to implement change within an organization.Social judgment skills are the people skills that are necessary to solve unique organizational problems.,Social Judgment Skills,Perspective taking Social perceptiveness Behavioral flexibilitySocial performance,Perspective T
14、aking,Perspective taking means understanding the attitudes that others have toward a particular problem or solution.Perspective taking means being sensitive to other peoples perspectives and goalsbeing able to understand their point of view on different issues.Social intelligence,Social Perceptivene
15、ss,Social perceptiveness is insight and awareness into how others in the organization function.A leader with social perceptiveness has a keen sense of how employees will respond to any proposed change in the organization.,Social Perceptiveness,What is important to others?What motivates them?What pro
16、blems do they face,and how do they react to change?,Behavior Flexibility,Behavioral flexibility is the capacity to change and adapt ones behavior in light of an understanding of others perspectives in the organization.Being flexible means one is not locked into a singular approach to a problemmainta
17、ins an openness and willingness to change.,Social Performance,Social performance includes many related skills that may come under the umbrella of communication(persuasion,mediator,coach).,Social Judgment Skills,Social judgment skills are about being sensitive to how your ideas fit in with others.Can
18、 you understand others and their unique needs and motivations?Are you flexible,and can you adapt your own ideas to others?Can you work with others even when there are resistance and conflict?,Knowledge,Knowledge directly influences a leaders capacity to define complex organizational problems and to
19、attempt to solve them.Knowledge is the accumulation of information and the mental structures used to organize that information.,Knowledge,Leaders with knowledge know much about the tasks,people,organization,and all the different ways these elements are related to each other.It is knowledge and exper
20、tise that make it possible for people to think about complex system issues and identify possible strategies for appropriate change.,Individual Attributes,General Cognitive AbilityCrystallized Cognitive AbilityMotivation,General Cognitive Ability,General cognitive ability can be thought of as a perso
21、ns intelligence.,Crystallized Cognitive Ability,Crystallized cognitive ability is intellectual ability that is learned or acquired over time(this type of intelligence is not diminished as people get older).It is the store of knowledge we get through experience(e.g.,problem-solving skill,conceptual a
22、bility,and social judgment skills).,Motivation,Three aspects of motivation(willingness,dominance,and social good)prepare people to become leaders.,Personality,This attribute reminds us that our personality has an impact on the development of our leadership skills.,Leadership Outcomes,Effective Probl
23、em SolvingPerformance,Effective Problem Solving,Problem solving is the keystone in the skills approach.In the model,problem-solving skills,as competencies,lead to effective problem solving as a leadership outcome.Good problem solving involves creating solutions that are logical,effective,and unique
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