中国文化介绍 Explore the Chinese Culture.ppt

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1、Let s learn together!,Explore the Chinese Culture,What is Culture Definition?,Some conceive of culture as separating humans from non-humans.Some define it as communicable knowledge.Some as the sum of historical achievements produced by mans social life.In a word:culture is learned,shared,and transmi

2、tted from the generation to the next.,Chinese Culture Overview,China:9,600,000 square kilometers,is proud of five thousand years history.56 ethnic groups:living in China have developed their own customs.,Too many culture elements!,Brief Contents,1.Chinese Religion and Philosophy:Confucianism,Taoism

3、and Buddhism 2.Modern business culture&etiquette.3.Chinese cuisine.4.Chinese arts and crafts:Painting,operas,embroidery,china and martial arts,1.Religion and Philosophy,China has an approximately 4100-year recorded history.(From the endless primeval period,around 2,100 B.C.)Confucianism,Taoism and B

4、uddhism are the three great thoughts.Most social values are derived from Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism.,The Leading Figures,Confucius,Lao Zi,Shakyamuni,Confucianism,Taoism,Buddhism,1.1 Confucianism,Confucius,Confucianism(儒家;pinyin:Rji)is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from t

5、he teachings of Confucius(Kng Fz,lit.Master Kong,551478 BC).It is a complex system of moral,social,political,philosophical,and quasi-religious thought that has had tremendous influence on the culture and history of East Asia.,Teachings of Confucianism,The basic clou of Confucianism stresses the impo

6、rtance of the individual moral development,so that the state can be governed by moral virtue rather than by the laws.Golden mean(philosophy):the felicitous middle between the extremes of excess and deficiency“Rid the two ends,take the middle one.”Relationships are central to Confucianism.Particular

7、duties arise from ones special situation in relation to others.,Ren 仁(benevolence,love)&Li 礼(rites)-respect for the system of social hierarchy.,1.2 Taoism,Lao Zi,Laozi(老子;pinyin:Loz;)was a philosopher of China around 6th century B.C.and is a central figure in Taoism.Laozi literally means Old Master

8、and is generally considered an honorific.Taoism is the Chinese religion which believes in ghosts and spirits.It emphasized cooperation with the natural forces.,Teachings of Taoism,Wu wei(无为;pinyin:wwi)is a central concept in Taoism.The literal meaning of wu wei is without action.It is often expresse

9、d by the paradox wei wu wei,meaning action without action or effortless doing.,1.3 Buddhism,Shakyamuni,Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions,beliefs and practices,largely based on teachings attributed to Shakyamuni(Gautama),commonly known as the Buddha.Buddha liv

10、ed and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BC.,Buddhism in China,Buddhism is the most important religion in China.It is generally believed that it was spread to Central China in 67 AD during the Han Dynasty(206 BC-220).During its development in C

11、hina,it has a profound influence on traditional Chinese culture and thoughts,and has become one of the most important religions in China.,Journey to The West,Teachings of the Buddha,Life is filled with suffering.Suffering is caused by peoples wants.,Buddhism promotes code of conduct in life.That is

12、what they call Five Precepts of avoiding killing,stealing,indulging,lying and alcohol drinking.It leads to self-understanding.,King of Monkey,Brief Contents,1.Chinese Religion and Philosophy:Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism 2.Modern business culture&etiquette.Relactionship(Guanxi),Face(Lian)3.Chines

13、e arts and crafts:Painting,operas,embroidery,china and martial arts 4.Chinese cuisine.,2.Modern Business Culture&Etiquette.,China is becoming a economic powerhouse.Commercial activity is not merely the exchange and cooperation based on economic benefits,it is also the collision and communicating bet

14、ween different cultures that each side has.Every person is grown in a particular culture,learning the“right way”of doing things.,1.Why should we know Chinese culture?,2.The background of Modern business culture and etiquette.For nearly two thousand years Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism has molded a

15、nd shaped the civilization of China and exerted a profound influence upon almost one fourth of human race.,2.1 Relationship(Guanxi),“Guanxi”literally means relationships“,stands for any type of relationship.Chinese people care more about the social relationship than commercial relationship in doing

16、the business:“Guanxi”means one will be quick to do a favor,do anything necessary for the other party:You scratch my back,Ill scratch yours.Most important business cannot occur until relationship if sound,written agreement secondary to Guan xi.Guanxi is hard to form,but long lasting.The reciprocal na

17、ture of“Guanxi and its implied obligations is the main reason why Chinese are reticent to engage in deeper relationships with people they do not know.,2.2“Face”(Lian or Mianzi),“Lian”can be translate into“face”in English which is one of the most important cultural traits of Chinese people.Giving fac

18、e(giving due respect)is a very important concept in China.You must give the appropriate respect according to rank and seniority.For example in the business negotiation:The Chinese often avoid the word“No”to save face for both parties.Words such as“bu fangbian”(inconvenient),“tai kunnan”(too difficul

19、t)or“huoxu”(maybe)are synonyms of“No”in Chinese culture.,Affect of Relationship andFace.,How to establish relationship?Courtesy calls for reciprocity(礼尚往来：lshng wng li)Relationship starts with and builds on the trustworthiness of the individual or the company.Frequent contacts with each other foster

20、 understanding and emotional bonds and the Chinese often feel obligated to do business with their friends first.Wine has close connection with social relationship in China.-also seems today that friendship depends only on the volume of drink being consumed.If we are good friends,then bottoms up;if n

21、ot,then just take a sip is a common phrased exchanged during gatherings.Not good.,Relationship and face are completely legal in Chinese culture and not regarded as bribery.,Cardinal Rules in Negotiation,Business negotiations in China require a much more patient approach.The Chinese culture makes the

22、 people suspicious of strangers,the term well consider it will be heard frequently.,Dont say or do anything to embarass the Chinese participants and cause them to lose face.Dont point your finger or any sharp object such as a pen or pencil at anyone.Dont lose your temper and raise your voice.Dont we

23、ar Bright colours.,2.3 Gift Giving,Gift giving is a big part of any culture.Especially growing up Chinese.Gifts are often used in“Guanxi to establish,or bring equilibrium to the relationship.,Things to avoid.,Do not give knives,scissors,letter openers,etc.It implies the severing of a relationship Do

24、 not expect that a gift will be opened immediately Avoid giving things to people in groups of four,since the number four in Chinese is a homonym for the word death.Never give a Chinese gentleman a green hat.It is associated with adultery.Do not wrap gifts in white,blue or black paper.Gifts may be re

25、fused three times before they are accepted.,2.3 Dining Etiquette,If you are the guest,wait to be seated as hierarchy is involved.Eating usually begins once the host offers the first drink.3.Let older people eat first,or if you hear an elder say lets eat,you can start to eat.4.When helping yourself t

26、o the dishes,you should take food first from the plates in front of you rather than those in front of others.5.Do not stick chopsticks vertically into your food,especially not into rice,as this will make Chinese think of funerals.,Brief Contents,1.Chinese Religion and Philosophy:Confucianism,Taoism

27、and Buddhism 2.Modern business culture&etiquette.3.Chinese cuisine.4.Chinese arts and crafts:Painting,operas,embroidery,china and martial arts,3.Chinese cuisine,业务流程,Chinese culinary arts are famous all over the world.Chinese dishes appeal to the senses through sight,smell,taste,texture.Chinese cuis

28、ine includes a variety of different flavors due to Chinas vast geography and diverse nationalities.Local dishes with their own distinctiveness can be roughly divided into eight regional cuisines.,Chinese Eight Regional Cuisines,Beijing Roast Duck,Beijing Roast duck is thought to be one of the most d

29、elicious dishes all over the world;most visitors coming to Beijing will never forget to have a try.,4.Chinese arts and crafts,Traditional Festival:Spring Festival2.Chinese Folk Arts:Beijing Opera,Martial Arts3.Chinese crafts:Painting,Embroidery,ChinaChinese Architecture,Spring Festival,There are man

30、y traditional festivals in China,such as Spring Festival,Lantern Festival,Dragon Boat Festival,Mid-Autumn Festival.But Spring Festival,also known as Chinese new year,is the most important in our culture,just as important as Christmas Day in western culture.,Spring Festival,The origin of Spring Festi

31、val”Nian”,lunar year.Celebrationreunion and thanksgiving New Years Eve Dinner Fireworks Dui Lian,Traditional Festival,Chinese Dumpling-the most important foods in Chinese New Year,Fireworks are used to scare the beast“Nian”and to get rid of ill luck,Reflect the best wishes to the upcoming year,Chine

32、se Folk Arts,业务流程,Chinese folk arts,Traditional Festival,Martial Arts(Kung Fu),Beijing Opera,Two special arts,Beijing Opera,Beijing opera is the most influential opera in China and has a history of around 200 years.It synthesizes the arts of singing,dancing,recitation,martial arts,and instrumental m

33、usic.Symbolism dominates the motions and stage designs.There are four main roles in Beijing Opera:Sheng:is the male role in Beijing Opera.Dan:is all female roles.Jing:is known as hualian,a role with a painted face,who is a man of special character,features and personality.Chou:is also called xiaohua

34、lian.A chou may be a kind-hearted,humorous and funny fellow(some time likes buffoon).,Beijing Opera,ShengDanJing ChouThe facial painting is worth appreciating for its artistic value,Martial Arts(Kung Fu),Anyone who has seen classical Chinese Kung Fu movies will be deeply impressed by the Chinese Wus

35、hu,which is called Kung Fu or Chinese martial arts in the west.,Do you know Bruce Lee,Jet Li or Jackie Chan?,Martial Arts(Kung Fu),Kung Fu is an important and unique component of Chinese cultural heritage with centuries of cultural history attached.Kung Fu not only includes physical exercise but als

36、o Chinese philosophy,meditation and aesthetics.Kung Fus purpose from self-defense to health maintenance and finally as method of self-cultivation.,Kong Fu,Chinese Architecture,业务流程,A Chinese structure is based on the principle of balance and symmetry.Office buildings,residences,temples,and palaces a

37、ll follow the principle that the main structure is the axis.The secondary structures are positioned as two wings on either side to form the main room and yard.,The Forbidden City,The Great Wall,The Great Wall of China,one of the greatest wonders of the world,the Great Wall winds up and down across d

38、eserts,grasslands,mountains and plateaus,from east to west of China.With a history of more than 2000 years.,Painting,Embroidery,China,painting,embroidery,china,北京交通大学经济管理学院1队,Thank you!,Most of the materials are from internet:If you want to know more please refer to the following websites:http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_China#Chinese_culturehttp:/chinese-http:/www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/china-country-profile.htmlhttp:/,The End,