上海崇明东滩湿地公园生态规划研究毕业论文.doc
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1、上海崇明东滩湿地公园生态规划研究-毕业论文 论 文 摘 要 “地球之肾”?湿地是世界上最具生产力的生态系统之一,人类的生产生活离不开湿地所提供的服务功能。但是由于人类对湿地的过度开发,导致湿地面积和数量的大大减少,造成了严重的环境和发展问题。因此如何合理的开发利用湿地,解决开发与保护之间的矛盾,是当前湿地课题研究的热点之一。 本文结合了导师的国家自然基金重点项目“复杂环境条件下长江口滨岸潮滩带物质循环的研究”,重点对要辟为湿地公园的崇明东滩西面 98大堤内侧 2000公顷的土地进行考察,收集了相关的数据资料,提出了湿地公园是一种解决湿地开发与保护问题的良好途径之一,应用生态规划的方法指导湿地公
2、园的建设,能保证湿地生态效益与经济效益的统一。 本文的研究方法是结合野外调查,并收集第二手资料进行室内分析,通过相关的统计资料和数据,综合运用多学科技术方法手段,对东滩湿地公园的生态规划进行了探讨,本文的创新之处在于生态规划方法中提出了理念、技术和管理规划三个层面进行研究。得出了以下的结论: 1、从湿地公园建设的目标、功能两个方面论证了湿地公园是保护湿地自然保护区的一种有益的补充形式,是解决当前湿地开发与保护之间矛盾的有效途径之一。世界上许多的湿地保护也采用了湿地公园这种形式。 2、生态规划就是在景观层面上,主要应用生态学的方法,对区域的利用方式和发展方向的规划,目的是实现人与自然的和谐。湿地
3、公园的生态规划就是提出人类对湿地合理利用方式,强调在景观层面上的土地规划,和保障功能实施下的管理措施。 3、通过崇明东滩湿地公园区域的生态系统的构成分析,尤其是鸟类的栖息地分布表明崇明东滩湿地生态系统基本良好,但还是存在着人类过度围垦、不合理的生产生活方式、多头管理、部分外来种类的破坏、垦区内湿地减少等一些环境问题,需要通过湿地公园的建设,使湿地生态系统进一步修复,保护好湿地自然保护区。 4、本文创新地提出了崇明东滩湿地公园生态规划新的方法,从三个规划层面上去研究。理念规划主要对湿地公园建设的目标、原则、利益群体、生态服务价值四个方面进行讨论。1、目标上提出资源、教育、产业、游憩和发展等多目标
4、规划体系,最终目的是要建设国家级的生态示范区。2、原则上提出了零污染与环境优先原则、可持续发展原则、生态文明的原则。3、利益群体分析得出的结论是规划主要针对两对利益群体:上实公司(开发商)与当地居民;自然保护区与当地政府,在明确这些关系后,规划中重点就是如何体现利益群体的要求。4、应用湿地生态服务的概念,采用生态经济学的方法,对东滩湿地公园的生态服务价值进行了估算,大致在 109704万元/年。 5、生态规划的技术规划:主要对湿地公园建设的生态适宜性分析、生态修复技术、景观格局构成、承载力四个方面进行探讨,力图在规划技术上体现生态规划的精髓。1、生态适宜性评价,湿地公园的规划应结合遥感、 GI
5、S等计算机技术,采用因子加权法对园区的土地利用方式进行评价,重点分析影响鸟类生境的因子。 2、生态修复技术,提出对生态系统的结构重建的方式来进行湿地生态功能的恢复,具体操作中采用复绿、改土、净水的措施来保护湿地的物种多样性。3、景观格局营造,根据景观生态学原理提出了小尺度对鸟类栖息地强调鸟类多种生境的设立与连接,大尺度规划公园功能分区,强调功能区之间的缓冲地带的设置和大斑块中小湿地斑块与廊道的建设。 4、从旅游游憩接待的角度,提出了湿地公园承载力的模型,n nM M公式为: k kV i + P Pk 1 k 11 26、生态规划的管理规划,主要从生态旅游规划和生态管理两方面论述。湿地公园的休
6、闲游憩功能通过生态旅游的形式来体现,并获得相应收益,对湿地公园如何开展生态旅游活动,构建生态旅游产品体系和发展模式进行了论述。生态管理规划提出了五个措施:科学规划,控制用地;加强科学研究、倡导科学保护和公众教育;加强对旅游者的行为规范,倡导“清洁生产”措施;加强生态系统管理,体现生态补偿、生态修复理念;提高经营管理者的素质和知识水平,注重社区利益。关键词:湿地公园 生态规划 崇明东滩Abstract Wetlands, “the kidney of the world”, are the one of the best productive ecosystems in the world, a
7、nd provide service functions for people life and productionHowever, people develop wetlands so excess that decrease their areas and quantities, and this behavior induces serious environment and development problems. Accordingly, it is a hot point of the wetland researches that how to reasonably deve
8、lop and use wetlands and resolving the dilemma of conservation and developmentThis paper integrates the director s important program of Nation Nature Science Fund, “ The study on material circulation from the tidal flat of Chinas Yangtze Estuary in complex environment” , and investigate the 2000ha e
9、arth inside 98 levee on the west of Chongming Dongtan reserve for wetland park. On the base of large data, the paper illustrates that wetland park is a good way of resolving the dilemma of wetland conservation and development, and apply the methods of ecological planning to direct its construction,
10、because they keep the benefits of both ecological and economicThe research approach of the paper is an analysis of the data from collecting second-hand statistic information and data, according with from fieldwork. Then the paper discusses the ecological planning on the wetland park in Chongming Don
11、gtan, variously applying technologies and techniques of many subjects. The paper innovates the method of ecological planning, and illustrates the planning from three lays: idea planning, technology planning and administration planning. So there are six conclusionsFirst, the paper demonstrates the we
12、tland park is a useful and complementary form for wetland reserves conservation from the goals and functions of it, and one of available ways of resolving the dilemma of conservation and development. Many foreign wetland reserves adopt the form of wetland parks tooSecond, the ecological planning is
13、a regional using manner and developmental direction one on the scale of landscape, the method mostly from ecology, and the aim at human and nature harmony. The ecological planning of the wetland park is a plan of reasonable wetland using manner, a land planning on the scale of landscape, and managem
14、ent measures for ensuring wetland functions wellThird, through the analysis on the ingredients of Chongming Dongtan wetland park ecosystem, specially the birds habitat distributions, it is demonstrated that the ecosystem is generally good, but there are some environmental troubles, such as excess in
15、nings, illogical manners of life and production, extensive management, the destruction from partial foreign species, and wetland reduction in cultivated region. Hence, the wetland park construction can restore the ecosystem and conserve the wetland reserveFourth, the paper innovates the approach of
16、ecological planning, and studies the planning from three lays. Idea planning mostly discusses objects, principles, stakeholders and ecological service values of wetland park construction. 1、 The objects are multi-objectives of resource, education, industry, recreation and development, and the final
17、goal is built up a national ecological model region. 2、The principles are non-pollution and environment precedence, sustainable development, and ecological culture. 3、The conclusion of stakeholders analysis is two pairs of stakeholders, Shangshi Co. vs. local people, wetland reserve vs. local govern
18、ment. The planner must think over their requirements. 4、Using the concept of wetland ecological service values, and adopting the approach of ecological economy, the paper calculates the values of the park, about 1,097,040,000/yearFifth, technology planning mostly discusses suitability analysis, ecol
19、ogical restoration, landscape pattern, and capability analysis. 1、The suitability evaluation should use factor measure approach with RS, GIS et al. IT, and especially analyze the factors impact on birds habitats. 2、Ecological restoration is a restoration of wetland ecological functions by the way of
20、 ecosystem framework reconstruction. The measures are restoring green, altering earth, and cleaning water for biodiversity conservation. 3、Building landscape patterns is setting up birds multi-habitats and their conjunction in little scale of landscape, and planning the park s function distributions
21、 in large one. It emphasizes to set up the buffer zones inter-distributions, and small patches and corridors in a large one. 4、The paper also makes wetland park capability equation from the point of view of tourism and recreation reception. The expression is : n nM Mk kV i + P PSixth, k 1 k 1 admini
22、stration planning discusses two 1 2parts, ecotourism plan and administration plan. Ecotourism can show leisure and recreation functions of wetland park, and obtain incomes from the activity. The plan also presents ecotourism production series, development pattern, and activities creation. The paper
23、demonstrates five measures of eco-administration planning, such as scientific planning and land control, advocating scientific conservation and public education, establishing tourist action criteria and “ clean produce” measures, ecosystem management and ecological restoration, and improving adminis
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