土建专业外文翻译5.doc
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1、外文翻译9 Qian Wang,S.M.ASCE,Jasbir S. Arora .Alternative Formulations for Structural Optimization: An Evaluation Using Frames .Journal of Structural Engineering 2006 vol.132 no.12 p.1880-1889This paper discusses this is a change in the axial load and lateral displacement function, were tested in four b
2、ending steel node cyclic behavior. Beam specimen by variable cross section beam, flange and longitudinal stiffening ribs. The test sample is loaded by axial load and lateral displacement is used to simulate lateral load carrying composite beam on Kangwan system effects. The experimental results show
3、 that the specimen in the rotating angle of more than 0.03radian after from plasticity to ductility changes. Longitudinal stiffener exist to help transfer the axial load load and delayed the formation of Web local buckling. In order to evaluate the variable cross section beam ( RBS ) node under axia
4、l load and lateral displacement of the lower structure performance, on four full size specimens were tested. These test plan evaluation for the San Francisco exhibition center expansion design of flexural nodes to meet the basic seismic design grade ( DBE ) and maximum possible earthquake grade ( MC
5、E ) under the performance. Based on the above and do on the RBS flexural nodes of the study pointed out that the form of RBS nodes can obtain more than 0.03radian angle of rotation. However, some people for these nodes in the axial and lateral loads of seismic performance quality raised the suspicio
6、n of. San Francisco Exhibition Centre Extension Project is a3 layer structure, and steel bending frame as the base of the lateral force resisting system. 这篇论文讨论的是在变化的轴向荷载和侧向位移的作用下,接受 测试的四种受弯钢结点的周期性行为。梁的试样由变截面梁,翼缘以及 纵向的加劲肋组成。 受测试样加载轴向荷载和侧向位移用以模拟侧向荷 载对组合梁抗弯系统的影响。实验结果表明试样在旋转角度超过 0.03 弧度后经历了从塑性到延性的变化。 纵
7、向加劲肋的存在帮助传递轴向荷 载以及延缓腹板的局部弯曲。为了评价变截面梁(RBS)结点在轴向荷载和侧向位移下的结构性能, 对四个全尺寸的样品进行了测试。 这些测试打算评价为旧金山展览中心 扩建设计的受弯结点在满足设计基本地震等级(DBE)和最大可能地震 等级(MCE)下的性能。基于上述而做的对 RBS 受弯结点的研究指出 RBS 形式的结点能够获得超过 0.03 弧度的旋转角度。然而,有人对于这些 结点在轴向和侧向荷载作用下的抗震性能质量提出了怀疑。 旧金山展览中心扩建工程是一个 3 层构造,并以钢受弯框架作为基 本的侧向力抵抗系。10 Zhu Jiang. Try to talk about
8、 the building structure design principle and methods.Forture World .2009(22).Concrete is composed of cement, water, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate ( gravel and pebbles; ), air, and often other admixtures after hardened and become. The plastic concrete mixture is injected into the template, and the
9、 ramming, then carries on the maintenance, in order to accelerate the hydration reaction of cement and water, resulting in hardened concrete. The final manufactured goods has high compressive strength and lower tensile strength. The tensile strength of about compressive strength of 1/10. Therefore,
10、cross section of the tension zone must be configured with tensile reinforcement and shear reinforcement in reinforced concrete member to increase relatively weak tensile strength. As a result of reinforced concrete section in the heterogeneity and the standard wood or steel sections are different, t
11、herefore, the need for structure design of the basic principles to be modified. The reinforced concrete the heterogeneous section two composed of divided according to a certain proportion of the appropriate layout, can make the best use of the two kinds of materials. This requirement can be met. Bec
12、ause concrete by mixing ingredients into the wet mixture, after vibration and solidify, can be made into any kind of required shape. If the concrete mixing various materials mix properly, then the concrete manufactured goods High strength, durable use, reinforcement, can be used as any structure sys
13、tem is the main component of.素混凝土是由水泥,水,细骨料,粗骨料(碎石或;卵石) ,空气,通常还有 其他外加剂等经过凝固硬化而成.将可塑的混凝土拌合物注入到模板内,并将其捣 实,然后进行养护,以加速水泥与水的水化反应,最后获得硬化的混凝土.其最终 制成品具有较高的抗压强度和较低的抗拉强度.其抗拉强度约为抗压强度的十分之 一.因此,截面的受拉区必须配置抗拉钢筋和抗剪钢筋以增加钢筋混凝土构件中较 弱的受拉区的强度. 由于钢筋混凝土截面在均质性上与标准的木材或钢的截面存在着差异,因此, 需要对结构设计的基本原理进行修改.将钢筋混凝土这种非均质截面的两种组成部 分按一定比
14、例适当布置,可以最好的利用这两种材料.这一要求是可以达到的.因 混凝土由配料搅拌成湿拌合物,经过振捣并凝固硬化,可以做成任何一种需要的形 状.如果拌制混凝土的各种材料配合比恰当,则混凝土制成品的强度较高,经久耐 用,配置钢筋后,可以作为任何结构体系的主要构件.11Wei Jingshan. Non-State Running Scinece&Technology Enterprises A Architectural DesignReseaech Institute Of Harbin industrial university,2011,(7)译文:建筑框架结构设计作为现行比较常用的实际模式
15、,已经广泛应用在各类建筑中,在结构设计中遇到的各种难题也日益增多,因而作为一个结构设计者需要在遵循各种规范下大胆灵活的解决一些结构方案上的难点、重点。.建筑框架结构设计的说明建筑框架结构设计说明是重要设计依据,抗震等级,人防等级地基情况及承载力。防潮抗渗做法,活荷载值材料等级,施工中的注意事项,选用详图,通用详图或节点,以及施上图中未域而通过说明来表达的信息。如混凝土的含碱量不得超过3kg/m,等等。1.1建筑结构类型及概况,建筑结构安全等级和设计使用年限建筑抗震设防分类、抗震设防烈度(设计基本地震加速度及设计地震分组),场地类别和钢筋混凝土结构抗震等级、地基基础设计等级、砌体结构施工质量控制
16、等级,基本雪压和基本风压,地面租糙度,人防工程抗力等级等。1.2设计0.000标高所对应的绝对标高,持力层土层类型及承载力特征值,地下水类型及标高、防水设计水位和抗浮设计水位,地基液化,湿陷及其他不良地质作用,地基土冻结深度。1.3设计活荷载值。1.4混凝土结构的环境类别、材料等级、强度等级、材料性能(包括钢材强屈比等性能指标)和施工质量的特别要求等。1.5受力钢筋混凝土保护层厚度,结构的统一做法和构造要求,现行规范规程及标准图选用,以及在施工图中未哂出而通过说明来表达的信息。1.6建筑物耐火等级、构件耐火等级。1.7施工注意事项,如后浇带设置、封闭时间及所用材料性能、施工程序、专业配合及施工
17、质量验收的特殊要求等。.建筑框架结构设计的原则与措施2.1建筑框架结构设计原则。抗震验算时不同的楼盖及布置(整体性)决定了采用刚性、刚柔、柔性理论计算。抗震验算时应特别注意场地土类别。8度超过5层有条件时,尽量加剪力墙,大大改善结构的抗震性能。框架结构应设计成双向梁柱刚接体系,但也允许部分的框架梁搭在另一框架梁上。应加强垂直地震作用的设计,从震害分析,规范给出的垂直地震作用明显不足。雨蓬不得从填充墙内出挑。大跨度雨蓬、阳台等处梁应考虑抗扭。考虑抗扭时,扭矩为梁中心线处板的负弯距乘以跨度的一半;框架梁、柱的混凝土等级宜相差一级;由于某些原因造成梁或过梁等截面较大时,应验算构件的最小配筋率;出屋面
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