成人高考专升本 英语 核心考点串讲 掌握必过 内部资料.ppt

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1、专升本考试英语 核心考点串讲（词汇和语法部分）,考试时间分配,实际考试中：听力放音时间在15min左右，单选控制在20min内，阅读控制在30min左右，涂卡时间2min左右，翻译20min以内，写作25min以内（写作必须提前准备，绝不能所有的句子都临时创造。）,由于时间紧张，别在词汇上投太多精力，涉及到的题目能记（理解消化）多少记多少。以前发给大家的讲义中的词汇题也同等重要，一定要把出错的题目集中起来，再记一遍。词汇与结构部分，分值不高，偶尔有失误，丢掉几分，可以接受。目前大家还是要更加重视主观的翻译题和写作部分，争取在这一部分拿到高分，把前面的失掉的分数补回来。,Nobody but S

2、mith and John _ in the labyesterday.A)were B)had been C)was be D)was 句意：【昨天除了史密斯和约翰】，没有其他人在实验室。类似的还有：not onlybut also/either.or/neither.nor等强调的是之后部分，连接主语时，动词的数则与靠近它的主语的数相一致，即就近原则；而as well as则强调其前面的部分，A as well as B=not only B but also A.所以当 as well as,more than,rather than,no less than 连接两个成分作主语时谓语动

3、词应于第一个成分的数相一致，即就远原则。My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing.我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京.09年 第36题、39题 41题 36The number of people invited_fifty,but a number of them_ absent for different reasons Awere，was Bwas，was Cwas,were Dwere,were,39Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ worn out after having one ex

4、amination after another Ais Bare Cam D.be 41A survey of the opinions of students_ that they also admit several hours of sittingin front ofthe computer_ harmful for ones health Ashow；are Bshows；is Cshow；is Dshows；are2006年29题29.Not only you and I but Peter,the top student in our grade,_ not able to so

5、lve the problem.A.are B.were C.am D.is 2008年31.I can hardly hear what hes saying,and _.A.so can all these other people B.so can hardly all these other peopleC.nor can all these other people D.nor all these other people can.neither或nor 放在句首，都要用倒装。,2002年24题when we will go aboard for further study(have

6、)_not decided yet.2001年24题Dr.Richard,together with his wife and three children,(be)_to arrive in Beijing till next day.主谓一致是指：1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语一致。2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。The United States(the Netherlands)is a developed country.It is the remains of a ruined palace.This pair of trousers cos

7、ts fifty dollars.3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。,在由not onlybut also，not justbut，or,eitheror，neithernor连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理，即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week.Either you or she is to go.There is a pen,a few en

8、velops and some paper for you.Mary and her sisters are baking a cake.A number of+名词复数+复数动词.The number of+名词复数+单数动词.A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.,One or two more+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数.例如：One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work.要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙

9、.the one of+复数名词+定语从句定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.例如：He is one of the studentswho get there on time.他是准时到达那里的学生之一.表示时间，距离，金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时，谓语动词常用单数，但若强调数量，谓语动词可用复数.例如：One million dollars is a lot of money.一百万美元是一大笔钱.,one of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。One of the apples has gone bad.取决于先行词，one of+N复时动词用复数形式，the only on

10、e of+N复时动词用单数形式。John is the only one of the students who_to France.AA.has been B.have been C.had been D.has beingThis is one of the rarest questions that_at such a meeting.DA.has even been raised B.Is raised C.are raised D.have ever been raised,and连接两个名词一起作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如：Lily and Kite are kind to

11、 me.莉莉和凯特都对我很好。但是，当两个名词表示同一人、同一事物、同一概念或一个完整的东西时(其特征是and后的名词前无任何冠词)，谓语动词用单数形式。如：The teacher and writer has come.那个教师兼作家已经来了。(The teacher and the writer have come.那个教师和那个作家都到来。)A knife and fork is on the table.有一副刀叉在桌上。注：当and连接的并列单数主语前分别有no，each,every,many a,more than one 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。Many a teacher

12、 and many a student has seen the film.许多教师和学生都看过这部电影,如果主语是由“many a+名词 或“more than one+名词构成，随后的动词遵循“语法一致”原则，用单数。例如：Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long break.Many a man has his own responsibility.More than one student has failed the exam.More than one ship was lost this year.,【就远

13、原则】由with,as well as等词或词组修饰的单数名词作主语时，主语与谓语动词一致。作主语的单数名词后有下列词或词组修饰时，谓语动词仍用单数形式：with,along with,together with,besides,as well as,in addition to,be accompanied by(伴随着),rather than(而不是),but（除了，except）Mr Li together with his two sons has gone to the cinema.李先生和他的两个儿子看电影去了。No one except the two boys was la

14、te for class.除了两个男孩外，没有一个人迟到。Li Ming,rather than his classmates,has let out the secret.是李明透露了那个消息而不是他的同学透露的。,某些学科名称和疾病名称虽是词尾加-s的形式，但这些词作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。electronics(电子学）,mechanics（力学）,classics（古典文学）,linguistics（语言学）,economics（经济学）,statistics（统计学）,physics（物理学）,mathematics（数学）Politics is now taught in a

15、ll schools.现在各学校都开设政治课。,不定式短语、动词-ing形式或名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Remember/To remember English words is not easy.记英语单词不容易。Who will do the job hasnt been decided yet.谁来做这项工作还没决定。To hesitate means failure.What matters_not winning but participating.A.are B.to be C.was D.is注：what引导主语从句时，如果其表语是复数形式，谓语动词要用复数形式。

16、如What he took with him were two books.他带去的是两本书。,来自北方的学生不多。The number of students from the north is small.战争与和平是历史永恒的主题。war and peace is a constant theme in history.除了两个佣人之外，晚宴没有人迟到。no one except two servants was late for dinner.事先起草一篇作文是个好主意。To plan a composition in advance is a good idea.事故是由什么引起的完

17、全是个谜。what caused the accidents is a complete mystery.许多人为了革命事业牺牲了自己的生命。Many a man sacrificed himself for the cause of revolution.不但教师反对，学生也反对这一改变。Not only the teacher but also his students object to the change.,虚拟语气是专升本考试的重点和难点。虚拟语气是指当说话人只表示一种假设的情况、一种主观的愿望,而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。,1.If Jo

18、hn were to resign and if Henry were elected to take his place,we should have more vigorous leadership.如果把were 提前，if 可以省略。如：Were there anything to tell,i would tell it to you.2.If it had not been for Mary,i might not have understood.在这种形式中,也可将助动词had提前,省去if.。,3.I should be most happy to go down with y

19、ou,if i should not be in the way.Were i to do that,what would you say?从上面句中可以看到,在这种形式中也可将助动词were 或should提前,省去if。4 混合虚拟形式(即错综复杂句)这里是指有时主句和分句谓语表示不同时间的情况,应根据不同情况，采用相应的虚拟形式。If it hadnt been for the doctors care,i should not be speaking to you now.If you had listened to me,you wouldnt be in such trouble

20、now.If he were not so careless,he would not have confused Australia with Austria.当然,如果if引导的条件分句所表示的情况是真实的,我们就不用虚拟形式:if your brother can do,so can i.,1.If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed,he would not suffer so much now.A.Lies B.Lay C.had lain D.should lie2.How I wish every family _a large h

21、ouse with a beautiful garden.AHas B.Had C.will have D.had had3.You did not let me drive.If we _in turn,you _ so tiredA.drove;didnt get B.drove;wouldnt get C.were driving;wouldnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have got4._it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A.Were B.Shou

22、ld C.Would D.Will5.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it_ A Breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken,6.I insisted _to see a doctor,but he insisted nothing _ wrong with himA.on him to go;should be B.he went;be C.he go;was D.he should to;is7.-Your aunt invites you to

23、 the movies today.-I had rather she _ me tomorrow than today A.Tells B.Told C.would tell D.had told8.It was his doctor who advised that he-his job.（2008年山东省学分互认考试英语试卷第50题）A change B changed C would change D had changed,1.一想要(desire)一宁愿(prefer)一坚持(insist)二命令(order/command)三建议 advise/suggest/propose/r

24、ecommend)四要求(demand/require/request/ask)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：should+动词原型，should可以省略。eg：He suggested that we(should)take the teachers advice.2.句型：It is+表情绪.观点的形容词或名词+that+主语+should+动词原型。如：necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity,the shame,no wonde

25、r等。eg:It is strange that such a person should be our friend.奇怪的是这样一个人会成为我们的朋友。insist 意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气；意为“坚持某种观点，某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。eg：He insists he is a student.他坚持说他是个学生。suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。eg：His face suggests that he looks worried.他的表情暗含着他很担心。,3.含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without，but for,oth

26、erwise.等eg：But for his help,we would be working now.要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。5.would rather,had rather,would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用过去时态的虚拟语气。eg：Id rather you had seen the film yesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。Id rathe

27、r you were here now.我倒想你现在在这儿。Wed rather you went here tomorrow.我们倒想你明天去那儿6、It is(high/about)time that+主语+动词的过去式/should+do（优先使用动词过去式），即从句用虚拟过去式。It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.我该去学校接我的女儿了。It is high time you should go to work.你早该上班了。,4.在for fear that,in case,lest引导的目的状语从句中，若用

28、虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should+do（should能省略）She examined the door again for fear that a thief(should)come in.她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。in case 后面的should 通常不省略。in case 后面有时可以不用虚拟语气（of）if only if only I had not been busy last week.（与过去事实相反）if only you would/could listen to our advice.(与现在，将来试试相反),虚拟语气真题举例：2005年第32，45，47；

29、2006年第7；2007年第32,34；2008年第16；2009年第46,48；2010年第24,39,41；2011年第42；2013年第22,30,1.医生建议父母应该多花点时间陪陪孩子。the doctor suggested that parents should spend more time with their children.2.我倒希望你当初别把这一切都告诉我。I wish you hadnt told me all this.3.他谈起罗马就仿佛他到过那里似得。he talked about Rome as though he had been there himsel

30、f.4.要不是你们的帮忙，我现在就有麻烦了。But for your help,I would be in trouble now.5.我倒宁愿你去看电影而不是待在家里。I would rather(sooner)you went to the cinema instead of staying at home.,倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。放心吧，爸爸妈妈！孔子云：“何陋之有？”“躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世”倒装句有两种：完全倒装（full Inversion）和部分倒装（partial Inversion）。完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词

31、，而非助动词）。例如：The teacher came in.In came the teacher.1、当here,there,out,in,up,down,now、then、thus等副词放在句首时,句子需全倒装:There goes the bell!铃响了！There lived an old man.Here comes the bus.注意:在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词,像go,come,exist,be等。主语如果是代词时不需倒装,如:Away he went.他走远了。Here it is.在这里。2、方位状语在句首,如:In front of the house

32、 stopped a police car.Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.Under the tree sat a boy.部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。1)以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装not,never,barely,rarely,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely(hardly)when,no sooner than,以及not onlybut also连接两个分句时（前倒后不倒）例：Never shall i forg

33、et the day when i joined the League.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.我刚到家就下起了雨。Not only was everything taken away from him,but also his German citizenship was taken away.,2)not untill(till)或者only位于句首时，用部分倒装.Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用这种方法，你才可以解决这个问题。Not until yester

34、day did little John change his mind.3)as引导让步状语时，和although,though一样，当用作“尽管”之义时，用部分倒装。Hard as he worked,he did not pass the exam.Old as he is,he keeps up with his English study.4)在so,neither,nor等词位于句首时，用so/neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语句型，进行部分倒装。A:His brother is（not）a college student;他弟弟（不）是大学生 B:so is mi

35、ne.(nor is mine.)我弟弟也是。(我弟弟也不是)You dont know what to do now,neither/nor do I.5)so/such that句型可以构成部分倒装句，表示强调so/such和that之间的部分，即so/such+形容词/副词+be/助动词/情态动词 that+从句 例：So hard did he overwork that he fell ill at last.So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her.So small was the mark that I cou

36、ld hardly see it.6）用于某些表示祝愿的句子里（省略if 的虚拟语气）。e.g.May you succeed!Long live the Peoples Republic of China!,2005.32题；2006.31题；2007.31题；2008.31题、32题；2009.42题；2011.41题 48题、50题；2013年第27题2004年专升本29题29.So little _ that the neighbors could not settle their differences.A.they agreed B.agreed did they C.did th

37、ey agree D.they did agree2003年30题put down the receiver when the telephone rang again.A.scarcely did she B.scarcely had sheC.scarcely she D.scarcely she had,1.强调句型 It is/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其他部分。例 It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.not until 句型的强调句型为：It is/was not until+被强调部

38、分+that+其他部分It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.辨析 强调句将句子中的it is/was that同时省去，句子仍然成立；而主语从句将that与后面部分代替it，成立。如：(1)It is Li Leis brother that you met in the street yesterday.你昨天在街上所见到的就是李蕾的兄弟。本句若将It is 及 that同时省去为：You met Li Leis brother in the street yesterday.句子同样成立，因此前面的句子是强调句型。(

39、2)It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou V.我们成功地发射了神舟五号这件事情真令人兴奋。本句若将It is 及 that同时省去为：We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou V.显然句子错误，因此，前面句子不是强调句型，而是主语从句。,(1)It was a room where we used to have meetings.它是我们过去常在开会的房子。(where 所引导的从句对前面的room进行说明，它是定语从句)It was in the r

40、oom that we used to have meetings.过去我们开会就在这间房子里。(in the room是被强调的部分，本句是强调句型)(2)It is a day when the people celebrate their victory.这是人们庆祝他们的胜利的日子。(when所引导的从句对a day进行说明，是定语从句)It was on that day that people celebrated their victory.就在那一天，人们庆祝了他们的胜利。(强调on October 1,1949),2011年40题，46题；2010年30题；2007年34题；

41、2005年35题；2004年17题it is because english is useful _.a.why we study it hardb.what we study it hardc.that we study it hardd.which we study it hard,独立（主格）结构 独立主格，首先它是一个“格”，而不是一个“句子”，在英语中任何一个句子都要有主谓结构，而在这个结构中，没有真正的主语和谓语动词，但又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关系，因而成为考试尤其选择题中的一个难点。我们称动作状态实行者为逻辑主语，称该状态为逻辑谓语.“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加

42、上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。-ing/-ed分词作状语，它的逻辑主语和句子的主语是一致的：句子的主语是-ing分词的执行者，或是-ed分词动作的承受者/对象。如：1)living in the countryside,I learnt a lot.=when i was living in the countryside,i learnt a lot.2)Having done the job,we went home.=After/when we had done the job,we whent ho

43、me.3)(Being)heated to 100,water boils.=If/When water is heated to 100,it boils.4)Having been criticized for several times,he began to realize his mistakes.=After he was criticized for several times,he began to realize his mistakes.,如果分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致，均属病句。1)Reading the newspaper,the dog barked at th

44、e postman.2)Standing on the hill,the whole city can be viewed.应该为：1).,i heared the dog barking.;2)Standing.,we can view the whole city.独立结构不是一个句子，而是独立存在的句子成分。主要做状语用，表示是时间，原因或条件，可转换成相应的状语分句。独立结构正常位于句首并加一逗号与主句隔开。如：He being honest,we all respect him.=Because he is honest,we all respect him.Weather perm

45、itting,we will go out.=if the weather permits,we will go out.It being sunday,the library is close.=The library is close because.He being my friend,I must help him=?,独立结构还可以表示方式或伴随情况：He sat quiet,his mind working.=but his mind was working.The teacher came in,book in hand.Father was lying on the bed,e

46、yes closed.there be 句型也可以用于独立结构。There being no bus,we had to walk home.There having been little rain for a long time,the crops are not growing well.独立结构前通常不用任何从属连词连接，但可用介词with或without;with可以省略，不影响句子意思。He left,with gun in hand.With liMing livng in London,we dont see him often.He left without a word s

47、poken.Without permission given,he came in.,Mother looked at me with tears in her eyes.We like to sleep with windows open.2005年41题She stood there chatting with her friend,with her child playing beside herThe boy lay on the grass,with his eyes looking at the sky.小男孩躺在草地上，两眼望着天空。With so much work to do

48、,we had to sit up through the night.有这么多工作要做，我们不得不彻夜不眠。I think we can leave with our heads held high.2005.31题；2009.35/32题；2012.50题,2001年31题travaling expenses rising a lot,Mrs.White had to change all her plans for tour.a.since b.what c.which d.those2002年30题the ground covered with ice,the road has bec

49、ome very slippery.a.at b.along c.on d.with2003年24题with the problem(settle)_,our business relations between the two countries have improved.2004年ecnomically,one tin of oil will last at three months.a.to use b.to be used c.using d.used,as+原级adj./adv.+as表示“和一样”及not as/so+原级adj./adv.+as表示“不如”。例如：(94全国)J

50、ohn plays football as well as,if not better than,David.The piano in the other shop will be cheaper,but not as good.as+原级adj.+a(n)+n.+as表示“跟一样”。例如：(2001全国)Its generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.(2003北京)Our neighbour has as big a house as ours.much as 关联词conjunction=