CAT液压内部培训教程(1).ppt
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1、Objectives 目标,Understand&study 了解及学习Hydraulic systems 液压系统Open Center Systems 开芯式系统Hydraulic Components 液压零件Basic Equations 基本公式CalculationsValidate calculation with measurements on 通过测量对SEM650的计算进行验证Specific objectives 特定目标?,Wheel Loader Power Flow,Rimpull,F x,F y,Torque Converter,Fan,Alternator,Ai
2、r Cleaner,Muffler(MEC,LEC)T=f(Engine Speed)Brake pump,Pilot pump,Steering pump,Transmission pump(H&HS)T=Disp*Pressure/Efficiency,Gross Engine Lug CurveMEC&LEC,Implement PumpH&HST=Disp*Press/Eff,Converter Data TBU,Power Flow 动力流动,Engine 发动机,Converter 变矩器,Implement Pumps 工作泵,Cooling Pump 冷却泵,Steering
3、Pump 转向泵,Implement Pilot Pump 工作先导泵,Brake Charging Pump 刹车辅助泵,Transmission Pilot Pump 变速箱先导泵,Rimpull 牵引力Wheel Speed 轮速,Lift Force/Speed 举升力/速度,Tilt Force/Speed翻转力/速度,Steering ForceSpeed 转向力/速度,Bucket ForceSpeed 铲斗力/速度,Brake Force 刹车力,Air Cleaner,Muffler,Alternator 空滤器,消音器,发电机,Fuel 燃油,Heat 热能,Energy
4、Distribution during Truckloading 9XX 9XX 装车应用时的能量分配,9XX 能量分配,32 秒钟装车周期,工作热能,转向热能,风扇热能,先导热能,变速箱泵热能,传动热能,刹车热能,车轮滑移热能,空滤器,消音器,发电机热能,发动机冷却热能,发动机排气热能,Focus Primary users of energy 焦点能量的主要使用者,Implement System 工作装置系统Powertrain System 传动系统,Hydraulics at Work,Hydraulics at Work,Hydraulics at Work,Hydraulics
5、at Work,http:/,Website with video,Implement System 工作系统,Open Center Systems 开芯式系统Main system 主要系统Pilot system 先导系统Implement valve function 工作阀功能Area curves 面积曲线Performance Characteristics 性能特性Math Modeling 数学建模Problems/Exercises 问题/练习Closed Center Systems 闭芯式系统Variable Implement Pump Controls 可变的工作阀
6、控制Load Sensing Circuits 负载敏感回路Problems/Exercises 问题/练习,Terminology,Industry&Academia tandem center valveMeans that in neutral the flow path fromPump to Cylinder-closedCylinder to Tank-closedPump to Tank openCaterpillar most Cat engineers call this an open center valveIndustry&Academia open center va
7、lveIn neutralPump to cylinder to tank all open,Hydraulic Schematics,3 Position Directional Control Valve,Pump,Variable Pump,Main Flow Lines,Pilot Lines,Solenoid Actuation,Pilot Actuation,http:/,For more see the following website:,Tandem Center Valve(Open Center at Cat),Pump,Tank,Head End,Rod End,To
8、Lift,Pump,Tank,Head End,Rod End,To Lift,Neutral,Dump,Tandem Center Valve(Open Center at Cat),Pump,Tank,To Lift,Pump,Tank,To Lift,Neutral,Rack,Head End,Rod End,Head End,Rod End,627 G Implement SystemTandem Center Interrupted Series,Main Relief,Apron(has float),Ejector,Bowl,Pump,SEM650 示意图Tandem Cente
9、r Interrupted Series,980H Implement Schematic Tandem Center(open)Interrupted Series,MainPump,Tank,988H Implement SchematicTandem(Open)Center Interrupted Series,MainPump,Tank,Pilot Supply,Tandem(Open)Center System,Work at white boardWhats wrong with this circuit?,Tandem(Open)Center Hydraulic System开芯
10、式液压系统,泵排放Pump Displacement=Dp泵速度Pump Speed=N泵容积效率Pump volumetric eff=Ev泵力矩效率Pump torque eff=Tv,缸头端压力面积Pressure area Head End=Phe缸杆端压力面积Pressure area Rod End=Pre冲程Stroke=S缸杆全收缩时长度Collapsed Length=Cl,x,质量Mass=m负载Load=mg阻尼Damping=c,面积Area=Apcre,面积Area=Apche,面积Area=Actre,面积Area=Acthe,面积Area=Apt,体积Volume
11、=Vhe压力Pressure=Phe,体积Volume=Vre压力Pressure=Pre,Valve Hardware阀硬件,Tandem(Open)Center Hydraulic ValveOperation开芯式液压阀操作,工作系统控制阀,主泵系统压力,先导压力,闭塞油路,吸油/回油,激活的零件,表面积,升起先导控 制执行器,补油阀,阀杆端,装载单向阀,阀头端,管路溢流 补油阀,降低先导控制执行器,降低执行器电磁阀,先导通道,至油箱,内部通道,供应通道,至油箱通道,至油箱,举升滤芯,举起执行器电磁阀,动臂保持不动,工作控制阀,阀杆端,装载单向阀,阀头端,补油阀,降低先导控制执行器,降低
12、执行器电磁阀,先导通道,至油箱,内部通道,供应通道,通往下一阀通道,至油箱,举升滤芯,举起执行器电磁阀,升起先导控制执行器,补油阀,主泵系统压力,先导压力,吸油/回油,激活零件,表面积,动臂下降时,988H Tilt Stem Characteristics,Pump to tank,Pump to cylinder RE,Cylinder to tank HE,Pump to cylinder HE,Cylinder to tank RE,988H Lift Stem Characteristics,Pump to tank,Pump to cylinder HE,Cylinder to t
13、ank RE,Cylinder to tank HE,Pump to cylinder RE,Raise,Lower,Tilt Valve Areas 翻斗阀面积SEM 650,卸料,输入,收斗,面积,Pump to tank,Pump to cylinder HE,Cylinder to tank RE,Pump to cylinder RE,Cylinder to tank HE,Raise,Lower,Boom Valve Areas 举升阀面积SEM 650,举升,输入,下降,面积,Pump to tank,Pump to cylinder HE,Pump to cylinder RE
14、,Cylinder to tank RE,Cylinder to tank HE,Pump Hardware Gear Pump,Pump HardwareVane Pump,Pump HardwarePiston Pump,Valve Port Slot阀口槽,Outlet Port出油口,Inlet Port进油口,Drive Shaft传动轴,Piston活塞,Swashplate 斜盘,Cylinder Block 缸体,WHERE,Are the components located on your machine?不同的零件在山工车上的分布?Next slide shows 992
15、 locations下一张幻灯片展示的是不同的零件在992上的分布,电子系统,先导液压系统,主要液压系统,两系统通用部分,工作液压泵,先导泵,可变泵电磁阀,电子-液压工作系统,先导溢流阀,工作电子控制组件,先导控制杆组件,主控制阀总成,翻斗缸,翻斗联接位置感应片,举升联接位置感应片,举升缸,液压油箱,Examine actual machine装载机现场调查,Work at Board 白板展示,Speed Control 速度控制Force Control 力的控制Feedback to operator 对驾驶员的反馈,Speed ControlFill in chart for a li
16、ght load and a heavy load速度控制完成轻载及重载图表,Input 输入,Speed速度,Force Control Fill in chart for a light load and a heavy load力的控制完成轻载及重载图表,Input 输入,Max Force 最大力,Basic Hydraulic Equations 基本液压公式,Continuity Sum of flows=0Flow TermsPumpCylOrificeLeakageMotorCompressibility连续性流量和=0流量术语泵油缸节流口泄漏马力可压缩性,Basic Hydr
17、aulic Equations 基本液压公式,Cylinder FlowCylinder of piston area Ah with speed of V.活塞缸面积 Ah,速度V Q=(dX/dt)*Ah=V*AhWhereQ-flow 流量Ah Area of Head End 缸头端面积V speed/velocity of cylinder 油缸速度(dX/dt)cylinder speed.油缸速度Orifice FlowOrifice of area A with pressure drop dP.节流口面积 A,压力下降 dPQ=A*Cd*sqrt(dP*2/)WhereQ f
18、low though an orifice 通过节流口的流量A area in mm2 面积Cd orifice coefficient=0.62 流量系数dP is the absolute pressure drop cross orifice in kPa Dp是通过节流口时的绝对压力下降,以kPa为单位Note:if flow is in l/min,DP is in Kpa,A is in mm2 and 注意:如果流量是以l/min为单位,DP以kPa为单位,A以mm2 为单位,The fluid is SAE10 then 流度就是SAE10Q=.0582*A*sqrt(dP),
19、Pump FlowPump with displacement Dp,volumetric efficiency,speed N.泵的排量 Dp,容积效率,速度NQ=Dp*N*WhereQ flow 流量Dp pump displacement 泵排量N shaft rotation speed 轴转速Motor FlowMotor with displacement Dm,volumetric efficiency,speed N.马达排量Dm,容积效率,速度 N Q=Dm*N/WhereDm is the motor displacement Dm为马达排量 N is the shaft
20、speed N为轴速Leakage Flow Leakage with leak coefficient K and pressure drop dP.泄漏系数 K及压力下降dPQl=k*dPCommpressibility Flow Flow need to raise the pressure of a volume V by dP over a time period of dT(compressibility).在一定时间段内,提高一定体积的压力所需的流量Q=(dP/dT)*V/WheredP/dT-Pdot=P/T V volume 容积-fluid bulk modulus 体积模
21、量/系数,Basic Force Equations 基本的力的计算公式,MomentumSum of forces=0Force/Torque TermsPump&MotorCylinder动量力的总和=0力/力矩术语泵&马达油缸,Basic Force Equations for hydraulic components 液压件的基本力的计算公式,Cylinder of piston area Ah.活塞缸面积AhF=(P)*Ah WhereP=Pressure 压力Ah=Area of Head End 缸头端的面积 Pump 泵 T=Disp*dP/WhereT=Torque to d
22、rive pump 驱动泵的力矩dP=pressure across pump 穿过泵的压力=torque efficiency 力矩效率,Motor 马达 T=Disp*dP*WhereT=Torque to drive motor驱动泵的力矩dP=pressure across motor穿过泵的压力=torque efficiency力矩效率,Summary,Open Center System ComponentsFixed displacement pumpsValves with pump to tank,pump to cylinder,cylinder to tank area
23、sMain&line relief valvesLoad ChecksMake ups&back pressure valvesOperator control featuresAbility to limit system pressure with the leverTool speed changes with load operator has a“feel”for loadDeadband varies with engine speed and load pressureMulti-function operation generally is done with interupt
24、ed series valve where upstream functions have full priority over downstream functions,Form small teams to work problemsNeed to stagger groups to work on machine tests分成小组解决问题需要交叉小组进行整车测试,Fundamentals Open Center SystemsExercise 基础知识-开芯式系统练习,What is the purpose of the following components in an open
25、center system?以下所列零件在开芯式系统中有什么用途?Main Relief?主安全阀?b)Load check valves?装载单向阀?d)Line reliefs?管路溢流阀?e)Make up valves?补油阀?f)Pressure control valve in the tank return line?油箱回油线路中的压力控制阀?,Fundamentals Open Center Systems基础知识-开芯式系统,Compute the lift time for your machine assuming the cylinder goes through i
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