英语语法句子的种类和结构.ppt
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1、语法精典讲解句法部分,14句子的种类,【句子的种类】(讲解1),(一)按使用目的可分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句.,1)陈述句:说明一个事实或陈述一种看法.Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快.(说明事实)The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味.(说明看法),2)疑问句:提出问题,有以下四种:A.一般疑问句:Can you finish the work in time?你能按时完成工作吗?B.特殊疑问句:Where do you live?你住那儿?How do you know that?你怎么知道那件事?C.选择疑
2、问句:Do you want tea or coffee?你是要茶还是要咖啡?D.反意疑问句:He doesnt know her,does he?他不认识她,对不对?,14句子的种类,【句子的种类】(讲解1),3)祈使句:提出请求,建议或发出命令.Sit down,please.请坐.Dont be nervous!别紧张!4)感叹句:表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪.What good news it is!多好的消息啊!,(二)句子按其结构可以分为:简单句、并列句、复合句.,1)简单句:只含一个主谓结构.She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜欢集邮.,2)
3、并列句:含两或两个以上主谓结构,句间由并列连词或分号连接.The food was good,but he had little appetite.食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口.,3)复合句:含一个主句和一个或几个从句,从句由从属连词引导.The film had begun when we got to the cinema.我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了.,14句子的种类,【句子的种类】(讲解1),(三)基本句型:英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:,1)主+动(SV)例如:(I work.我工作.),2)主+动+表(SVP)例如:(John i
4、s busy.约翰忙.),3)主+动+宾(SVO)例如:(She studies English.她学英语.),4)主+动+宾+补(SVOC)例如:(Time would prove me right.时间会证明我是对的.),5)主+动+间宾+直宾(SVOiOd)例如:(My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳.),14句子的种类,【句子的种类】(讲解2),疑问句是考试的重点,这里我们先重点讲难掌握的反意疑问句和特殊疑问句.,(1)陈述句部分是肯定式,问句部分一般用否定式,否则反之;前后两部分在人称,数及时态上通常保持一致.如:You are a s
5、tudent,arent you?(你是学生,对吗?),1)反意疑问句:在陈述句之后附上一个简短问句,对陈述句所叙述的事实提出相反的疑问,这种疑问句叫做反意疑问句.,(2)在祈使句后面用反意疑问句,要注意人称的变化.如:Go to the cinema,will you?,(3)在省略的感叹句后面,要注意主语的单复数.如:What fine weather,isnt it?,(4)陈述句部分的主语如是I,疑问部分要用 arent I.如:Im as tall as your sister,arent I?,14句子的种类,【句子的种类】(讲解2),(5)陈述部分用never,hardly,fe
6、w,nothing,nobody,few,seldom,hardly,little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义.如:He seldom came here,did he?,(6)陈述句部分的谓语是used to时,疑问部分用didnt+主语或usednt+主语.如:He used to go to school at seven,didnt he?/usednt he?,(7)陈述部分有had better+v.疑问句部分用hadnt you?如:Youd better read it by yourself,hadnt you?,(8)陈述部分有Youd like to+v.疑问部分
7、用wouldnt+主语.如:Youd like to go with me,wouldnt you?,(9)主语是everyone,someone,anyone,no one等不定代词时,多用they 指代.如:Everyone is here,arent they?(所有的人都来了吗?),14句子的种类,【句子的种类】(讲解2),(10)主语是everything,something,anything,nothing时,用it 指代.省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you.如:Dont do that again,will you?,注意 Lets 开头的祈使句,后用sha
8、ll we?Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you?,(11)陈述部分是“there be”结构,疑问部分用there省略主语代词.如:There is something wrong with your watch,isnt there?,2)特殊疑问句:注意疑问词 how many;how much;how often;how old;how long;what;what time;what day;what colour;which;when;who;whose等疑问词的用法.,A.系动词be作谓语:am,is,are/was,were作“提前词”来对应,B.行为动词作谓语:D
9、o/Does/Did作外来助动的“提前词”+主语+动词原形来表达,C.含助动词作谓语:be,do,have,will,shall作“提前词”与相应动词时态来帮助,D.含情态动词作谓语:can,may/must,need/will,shall,would,should作“提前词”+主语+动词原形来强调,14句子的种类,【句子的种类】(讲解3),本讲主要讲一下感叹句、祈使句,再顺便提一下强调句.,1.由what引导的感叹句的基本结构:“What a(an)+形容词+单数名词(+主语+谓语)!”“What+形容词+名词(不可数名词或名词复数)(+主语+谓语)!”.,1)感叹句注意事项:感叹句由wha
10、t和how引导放句前,主语谓语不用变,省掉它们也常见.,2.由how引导的感叹句结构为:“How+形容词或副词(+主语+谓语)!”如:,3.what,how 引导的感叹句有时可以互相转换:What修饰单数可数名词时,如果这一名词有形容词修饰,也可用how引导感叹句,但不定冠词a或an 需放在形容词之后.如:What a large factory=How large a factory it is!如:What a clever boy Jack is!=How clever Jack is!杰克是多么聪明的一个男孩子呀!,14句子的种类,【句子的种类】(讲解3),与let连用的人称代词是第一
11、人称和第三人称的宾格.Let me go.让我去吧.Let him see.让他看看.,2)祈使句注意事项:,注意:Let us可缩写为lets,但两者实际含义不相同.lets用来提建议,听话者与说话者一起去做某事,而let us用来表示请求,即说话者向听话者请求要去做某事。,含有第二人称的祈使句否定中,在动词原形前加dont,不可只用not构成否定.特别是当动词为be时,也用dont,而不可在be后加not.误:Not talk in class.正:Dont talk in class.不要在课堂上讲话.误:Be not late for school.误:Not be late for
12、school.正:Dont be late for school.上学不要迟到.,注意:含有第一、第三人称的祈使句的否定句用Let+not+动词原形或Dont let+第三人称代词的宾格或名词.,14句子的种类,【句子的种类】(讲解3),3)强调句注意事项:,学过的强调句是Tt引导的句子.强调句的连词只有that和who.当强调的部分是人,且为句子的主语时,才用“who”,其余用“that”.句式:It is(was)被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他部分.,注意:此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和状语.判断一个句子是否是强调句,只需看去掉It be that是否还是一个完整的句子.,典
13、型例题:It is twenty years _ Miss Feng returned to ChinA.A.that B.when C.since D.as,答案C.本题易误选为A(that).其实本句不是强调句.若是,去掉It be that还应是一个完整的句子.而本句去掉“It is.that”,只剩下ten years Miss Feng returned to ChinA.不成句.因此本句不是强调句.,14句子的种类,句子的种类(练习1),1.Dont forget to give the baby some food,_?,A.will you?B.shall we C.wont
14、you D.do you,2.You have met before,_?,A.havent you B.have you C.do you D.dont you,3.She has never read the book before,_?,A.has she B.hasnt she C.is she D.isnt she,14句子的种类,句子的种类(练习1),4.Mike has to finish her work now,_?,A.has he B.hasnt he C.does he D.doesnt he,5.-“Dont smoke in the dining-hall,will
15、 you?”-“_.”,A.Yes,I agree B.Yes,of course C.Yes,I dont think so D.Whats wrong,6.-_ did you stay in Urumqi last summer?-For two weeks.,A.How often B.How C.How long D.How many times,14句子的种类,句子的种类(练习1),7.He nearly hurt himself in the accident,_?,A.doesnt he B.didnt he C.did he D.does he,8.-_ will your
16、aunt be back from work?-In an hour.,A.How soon B.How often C.How long D.What time,9.The old man had to do the farm work himself,_?,A.did he B.didnt he C.had he D.werent he,14句子的种类,句子的种类(练习2),1.Mr Williams will visit our school again some _ day.,A.the other B.another C.an other D.other,2.We shall nev
17、er laugh _ people when they are _ trouble.,A.on,in B.at,in C.on,to D.to,at,3.“Thank you for your help.”“_.”,A.You are welcome B.It doesnt matter C.You are kind D.Its no need,14句子的种类,句子的种类(练习2),4.To learn English well is not easy,_ it is important for us.,A.and B.so C.or D.but,5.“Must I get there bef
18、ore eight?”“No,you _.”,A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.must,6.My sister isnt there,she _ to Beijing.,A.went B.will go C.has been D.has gone,14句子的种类,句子的种类(练习2),7.New factory _ in our hometown next year.,A.build B.will build C.will be built D.is building,8.I dont think he is doing his homework,_?,A.is he B
19、.isnt he C.does he D.dont I,9.I enjoyed _ to school in the morning last year.,A.to run B.run C.runing D.running,14句子的种类,句子的种类(练习2),10.Sorry,Ive kept you _ for a long time.,A.wait B.waiting C.to wait D.waited,11._ mother told _ an interesting story yesterday.,A.Mine,I B.My,I C.My,me D.My,my,12.His gr
20、andma _ in 1968.She has been _ for years.,A.died,died B.dead,died C.dead,died D.died,dead,14句子的种类,句子的种类(练习2),13.The old man is _ under the tree.,A.lying B.lie C.laying D.to lie,14.He runs _ than his classmates.,A.fastest B.the fastest C.fast D.faster,15.The twins father is standing _ them.,A.among B
21、.between C.during D.above,14句子的种类,句子的种类(练习3),1.It was yesterday _ Xiao Ming finished all his homework.,A.that B.when C.where D.at,2.You are not in Grade Two,_ you?,A.arent B.are C.do D.dont,3.She has never read the book before,_?,A.has she B.hasnt she C.is she D.isnt she,14句子的种类,句子的种类(练习3),4.-I want
22、 to shopping this afternoon.What about you?_.,A.So did I B.So I did C.So I do D.So do I,5.Its time for supper now.Lets _ it.,A.stop to have it B.stop having C.to stop to have D.stopping to have,6._ lovely she smiles!,A.How B.How a C.What D.What a,14句子的种类,句子的种类(练习3),7.Thank you for _ me with my Engli
23、sh.,A.help B.helped C.helping D.helps,8.-Would you please _ the shoes on the floor?-Im sorry.I wont do it again.,A.not throw B.dont throw C.not to throw D.didnt throw,9.Lily has not visited many places of great interests in Chin A._.,A.So has her twin sister B.Neither is her twin sister C.So her twi
24、n sister D.Neither has her twin sister,14句子的种类,句子的种类(练习3),10.Dont _ books again!You must be careful _ now on.,A.lost,from B.lose,from C.lost,since D.lose,since,11.-“_ do they have a meeting?”-“Every two weeks.”,A.How long B.How often C.When D.What time,6._ lovely she smiles!*,A.How*B.How a C.What D.
25、What a,14句子的种类,句子的种类(练习4),1.When I entered the room,I saw the little boy _ in the corner.,A.to stand B.stands C.stood D.standing,2.It is a great shame for me _ in front of so many people.,A.to laugh at B.to laughing at C.to be laughed at D.to have laughed at,3.He dares to climb that tall tree,_ he?,
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