110kv牵引变电所防雷接地设计.doc
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1、高 等 教 育 自 学 考 试毕 业 论 文110kv牵引变电所防雷接地设计丁永杰专 业: 轨道交通供电 主考学校:兰州交通大学 准考证号: 指导教师姓名职称: 王云松 讲师 甘肃省高等教育自学考试办公室印制2013年 4 月 26 日供电专业本科论文XX专业 110kv牵引变电所防雷接地设计110kv traction substation lightning protection and grounding design丁永杰dingyongjie摘 要变电所是电力系统重要组成部分,因此,它是防雷的重要保护部位。雷电具有很强的危害性,因此应该重视牵引变电所雷电的防护。如果变电所发生雷击事故
2、,将造成大面积的停电,给社会生产和人民生活带来不便,这就要求防雷措施必须十分可靠。变电所是电力系统防雷的重要保护,如果发生雷击事故,将造成大面积的停电,严重影响社会生产和人民生活。所以变电所的防雷措施必须十分可靠。变电所遭受雷击的来源及解决方案 (1)雷击的来源。一是雷直击于变电所的设备上;二是架空线路的雷电感应过电压和直击雷过电压形成的雷电波沿线路侵入变电所。 (2)变电所对于直击雷的保护一般采取装设避雷针或采用沿变电所进线段一定距离内架设避雷线的方法解决。 (3)架空线路的雷电感应过电压和直击雷过电压形成的雷电波沿线路侵入变电所,是导致变电所雷害的主要原因,若不采取防护措施,势必造成变电所
3、电气设备绝缘损坏,引发事故。在变电所内装设避雷器的目的在于限制入侵雷电波的幅值,使电气设备的过电压不致于超过其冲击耐压值。而变电所的进线段上装设保护段的主要目的,在于限制流经避雷器的雷电流幅值及入侵雷电波的陡度。(4)变电所装设避雷针的原则 所有被保护设备均应处于避雷针(线)的保护范围之内,以免遭受雷击。 当雷击避雷针时,避雷针对地面的电位可能很高,如它们与被保护电气设备之间的绝缘距离不够,就有可能在避雷针遭受雷击后,使避雷针与被保护设备之间发生放电现象,这种现象叫反击。此时避雷针仍能将雷电波的高电位加至被保护的电气设备上,造成事故。不发生反击事故的避雷针与电气设备之间的距离称为避雷针与电气设
4、备之间防雷最小距离。(5)雷击避雷针时,雷电流流经避雷针及其接地装置,为了防止避雷针与被保护设备或构架之间的空气间隙被击穿而造成反击事故,空气间隙必须大于最小安全净距。 为了防止避雷针接地装置与被保护设备或构架之间在土壤中的间隙被击穿而造成反击事故,空气间隙必须大于最小安全净距。(6)对于35kV及以下的变电所,因其绝缘水平较低,必须装设独立的避雷针,并满足不发生反击的要求。 对于110kV以上的变电所,由于此类电压等级配电装置的绝缘水平较高,可以将避雷针直接装设在配电装置的构架上,因而雷击避雷针所产生的高电位不会造成电气设备的反击事故。装设避雷针的配电构架,应装设辅助接地装置,该接地装置与变
5、电所接地网的连接点,距主变压器的接地装置与变电所的接地网的连接点的电气距离不应小于15m。其作用是使雷击避雷器时,在避雷器接地装置上产生的高电位,沿接地网向变压器接地点传播的过程中逐渐衰减,使侵入的雷电波在达到变压器接地点时,不会造成变压器的反击事故。由于变压器的绝缘较弱,同时变压器又是变电所的重要设备,故不应在变压器的门型构架上装设避雷针。 由于变电所的配电装置至变电所出线的第一杆塔之间的距离可能比较大,如允许将杆塔上的避雷线引至变电所的构架上,这段导线将受到保护,比用避雷针保护经济。由于避雷线两端的分流作用,当雷击时,要比避雷针引起的电位升高小一些。因此,110kV及以上的配电装置,可将线
6、路避雷线引接至出线门型构架上,但土壤电阻率大于1000m的地区,应装设集中接地装置。对于3560kV配电装置,土壤电阻率不大于500m的地区,允许将线路的避雷线引接至出线门型构架上,但应装设集中接地装置。当土壤电阻率大于500m时,避雷线应终止于线路终端杆塔,进变电所一档线路保护可用避雷针保护。牵引变压器的设计主要包括变压器的容量计算和技术指标的检测,设计必须符合高(低)压侧主接线的设计要求。绝缘设备的检验主要是关于电气设备的动稳定、热稳定性、开关设备的选型和校验,以及对室内外母线,各个支持绝缘子和穿墙套管,电压、电流互感器的选型和校验。另一部分主要内容是对牵引变电所的防雷接地设计,包括避雷针
7、、避雷线、避雷器以及接地系统的设计。牵引变压器的设计主要包括变压器的容量计算和技术指标的检测,设计必须符合高(低)压侧主接线的设计要求。绝缘设备的检验主要是关于电气设备的动稳定、热稳定性、开关设备的选型和校验,以及对室内外母线,各个支持绝缘子和穿墙套管,电压、电流互感器的选型和校验。另一部分主要内容是对牵引变电所的防雷接地设计,包括避雷针、避雷线、避雷器以及接地系统的设计。本文讲述了雷电、雷电压和雷电流的形成过程,并给出了雷电参数,阐述了防雷装置如避雷针、避雷器的防雷原理以及保护范围,给出了直击雷和感应雷的防护方案,介绍了目前我国牵引变电所防雷接地设计中常用的几种措施,如:合理选择牵引变电所修
8、建的地理位置,架设避雷针、敷设接地网,在进线段装设避雷器,同时对几种防雷措施进行了深入的论述和定量的计算分析。基于常用的防雷接地的设计方法,对110kv牵引变电所进行了详细的防雷接地设计。设计中,结合当地现状,综合考虑了气候、地形、环境等多种因素,给出了较好的防雷接地保护方案。通过对牵引变电所的防雷接地设计,全面剖析了电力系统中如何让提高牵引变电所的防雷水平,从而有效地降低牵引变电所的雷击事故,减少雷电对电网安全运行的影响。关键词:牵引变电所;防雷接地;雷电放电;雷电流论文类型:应用研究AbstractThe lightning has very strong harmfulnesss we
9、should pay attention to drawing the shelter of the lightning of transformer substation.Substation power system is important to the mine facilities, if lightning accident occurred, causing widespread power outages, and seriously affect the social production and peoples life .Therefore asked the subst
10、ation lightning protection measures must be very reliable. Substation lightning source and solution method. (1) Lighting source. Direct lightning stroke to substation equipment; two is the overhead line lightning induced overvoltage and lightning over.voltage lightning wave intrusion formed along th
11、e line of substation.(2)substation lightning protection for generally taken with a lightning rod or a substation incoming line within a certain distance of the lightning line method to solve erection.(3)the overhead line lightning induced overvoltage and lightning over.voltage lightning wave intrusi
12、on formed along the transmission line substation, is the leading cause of substation lightning is the main reason ,if do not take protective measures, is bound to cause the substation electrical equipment insulation damage, cause an accident, In transformer substation arrester installed aims to limi
13、t intrusion of lightning wave amplitude, so that the electrical equipment of the over voltage not to exceed its impulse withstand voltage value. While the substation incoming lines installed protection section of the main purpose is to restrict the flow through the surge arrester, lightning current
14、amplitude and intrusion of lightning wave steepness. (4) Substation with a lightning rod principle all the protected equipment shall be kept in a lightning rod (wire) within the scope of protection, to avoid being struck by lightning. When the lightning arrester, lightning rod on ground potentials c
15、an be very high, as they and the protected electrical equipment struck by lightning, the lightning rod and protected equipment occurred between the discharge phenomenons, thisphenomenon is called back. The lightning arrester can still be lightning wave high potentials to the protected electrical app
16、aratus, causing the accident. No impact accidents lightning minimum distance between the electrical equipment.(5)lightning arrester, lightning current flowing through the lightning conductor and earthling device in order to prevent the lightning rod and the equipment being protected or framework of
17、the air gap between the breakdown was caused by impact accident, air gap must be greater than the minimum distance of An Quanjing.In order to prevent lightning grounding device and the equipment being protected or between frames in soil of the gap breakdown caused by impact accident, air gap must be
18、 greater than the minimum distance of An Quanjing.(6)for 35kv and below the power substation, because of its low insulation level, must be arranged independently of the lightning rod, and meet the requirements not counterattack.For more than 110kv substation, such as voltage grade power distribution
19、 device insulation level is higher, can be directly installed on the distribution of lightning rod device structure, and lightning arrester of the resulting high potential does not cause electrical equipment against accidents. With a lightning rod for distribution frame, should install auxiliary gro
20、unding device, the grounding device of substation grounding grid connection point, away from the main transformer grounding device of substation grounding grid connection point electric distance shall not be less than 15m. Its role is to enable the lightning arrester, the arrester grounding device h
21、as high potential, along the grounding transformer ground to spread gradually in the process of decay, which penetrated the lightning in the transformer grounding, does not cause transformer strike accident. Due to the insulation of the transformer is weaker, at the same time the transformer is the
22、important equipment of substation, it should not be in the transformer type door frame is provided with a lightning arrester. As a result of substation power distribution device to substation outlet of the first tower distance may be relatively large, such as allowing the tower lightning conductor o
23、f the lead to the substation framework; the conductor will be protected, than with lightning protection economy. The lightning lines at both ends of the shunt effect, when lightning strikes, than lightning induced potential rise of some small. Therefore, 110kV and above power distribution device, li
24、ghtning arrester line can be guided and connected to the outlet door type frame, but the soil resistivity greater than 1000 ohm m area, should be installed with a centralized grounding device. In 35 60kV soil resistivity distribution device, not more than 500 ohms m area, allowing the line lightning
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