英文教学课件PPT富兰克林自传与致富之路.ppt
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1、Teammates:091000317 陈静091000318 王美云091000319 李志珍091000333 陈冬冬,2013.3.22,Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790),Born:January 17,1706(Boston,Massachusetts Bay,British America)Died:April 17,1790(Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,United States)Nationality:American Profession:author,printer,satirist(讽刺 作家),political theor
2、ist,politician,postmaster,scientist,inventor,civic activist,statesman,soldier,diplomat Signature:,Benjamin Franklin,One of the Founding Fathers of the United States,Introduction,Boston Latin School(not graduate),As a printer:The New-England Courant(the first truly independent newspaper in the coloni
3、es),As a typesetter,clerk,shopkeeper and bookkeeper in Philadelphia,Created the Junto(a group of“like minded aspiring artisans and Tradesmen who hoped to improve themselves while they improved their community”.The Junto was a discussion group of issues of the day:it subsequently gave rise to many or
4、ganizations in Philadelphia.),Library Company of Philadelphia,Publisher of a newspaper called The Pennsylvania Gazette(The Gazette gave Franklin a forum for agitation about a variety of local reforms and initiatives through printed essays and observations.Over time,his commentary,and his adroit cult
5、ivation of a positive image as an industrious and intellectual young man,earned him a great deal of social respect.),Early Experiences,achievements,Success as an inventor and scientist,Lightning rod(避雷针),Glass armonica(玻璃琴),Franklin stove(富兰克林暖炉),Bifocal glasses(双焦点眼镜),Urinary catheter(导尿管),inventio
6、ns,Contributions to Science,Atlantic Ocean currents,Electricity,Wave theory of light,Concept of cooling,Temperatures effect on electrical conductivity,Oceanography findings,Success as a politician,1785 returned Philadlphia and became the sixth President of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennysylva
7、nia,1736 created the Union Fire Company,1749 became a Justice of the Peace for Philadelphia,1751 opened The Academy and College of Philadelphia,1751 established Pennsylvania Hopsital,1753 both Harvard and Yale awarded hime honorary degrees,1756 became a member of the Society for the Encouragement of
8、 Arts,Manufactures&Commerce,1775 was elected the first United States Postmaster General,1776 a delegate to the Second Continental Congress and drafted the Declaration of Independence独立宣言,1776 was dispatched to France as commisioner for the United States,Success as an author,Poor Richards Almanack 17
9、33,The Way to Wealth 1758,The Autobiography 1791,Representative works,Part Four:this section is very brief(about political advocations),Part Three:discussing the Rise and Progress of Franklin Philosophical Reputation,The Autobiography,Part One:letters to his son,Part Two:giving a more detailed accou
10、nt of his public library plan,influences,Virtue and beliefs Death and legacy,Comments,Franklins autobiography is one of the greatest autobiographies in literature,and towers over other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men.“-William Dean Howells in 1905,Franklins Autobiography has recei
11、ved widespread praise,both for its historical value as a record of an important early American and for its literary style.It is often considered the first American book to be taken seriously by Europeans as literature.,Franklins style of writing was clear and even plain in his time,but for modern re
12、aders,it is a bit hard to read.His style is rather formal,but the organization of his material is informal.His writing is full of his humor and satire讽刺.,Writing style,1.TEMPERANCE.Eat not to dullness;drink not to elevation.2.SILENCE.Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself;avoid trifling c
13、onversation.3.ORDER.Let all your things have their places;let each part of your business have its time.4.RESOLUTION.Resolve to perform what you ought;perform without fail what you resolve.5.FRUGALITY.Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself;i.e.,waste nothing.6.INDUSTRY.Lose no time;be a
14、lways employed in something useful;cut off all unnecessary actions.,Extract,7.SINCERITY.Use no hurtful deceit;think innocently and justly,and,if you speak,speak accordingly.8.JUSTICE.Wrong none by doing injuries,or omitting the benefits that are your duty.9.MODERATION.Avoid extremes;forbear resentin
15、g injuries so much as you think they deserve.10.CLEANLINESS.Tolerate no uncleanliness in body,clothes,or habitation.11.TRANQUILLITY.Be not disturbed at trifles,or at accidents common or unavoidable.12.CHASTITY.Rarely use venery but for health or offspring,never to dullness,weakness,or the injury of
16、your own or anothers peace or reputation.13.HUMILITY.Imitate Jesus and Socrates.,1.节制:食不可过饱,饮不得过量。2.缄默:避免无聊闲扯,言谈必须对人有益。3.秩序:生活物品要放置有序,工作时间要合理安排。4.决心:要做之事就下决心去做,决心做的事一定要完成。5.节俭:不得浪费,任何花费都要有益,不论是于人于己。6.勤勉:珍惜每一刻时间,去除一切不必要之举,勤做有益之事。7.真诚:不损害他人,不使用欺骗手段。考虑事情要公正合理,说话要依据真实情况。8.正义:不提损人利己,履行应尽的义务。9.中庸:避免任何极端倾向
17、,尽量克制报复心理。10清洁:身体、衣着和居所要力求清洁。11.平静:戒除不必要的烦恼。也就是指那些琐事、常见的和不可避免的不顺利的事情。12.贞节:少行房事,决不使身体虚弱,生活贫乏,除非为了健康或后代的需要。不可损坏自 己或他人的声誉或者安宁。13.谦逊:以耶稣和苏格拉底为榜样。,p28 line2,I determined to give a weeks strict attention to each of the virtues successively.Thus,in the first week,my great guard was to every the least offe
18、nce against Temperance;leaving the other virtues to their ordinary chance,only marking every evening the faults of the day.Thus,if in the first week I could keep my first line marked T.clear of spots,I supposed the habit of that virtue so much strengthened,and its opposite weakened,that I might vent
19、ure extending my attention to include the next,and for the following week keep both lines clear of spots.,我决定给与每一项美德一个星期的严格注意,如此轮流替换。这样,在第一星期中,我密切预防关于节制的任何极细微的过失。其他的美德让它们像平时一样,只是每晚记下有关的过失。这样,假如在第一个星期中,我能使写着“节制”的第一行里没有黑点,我就以为这一美德已经加强了,它的相反方面已经削弱了,其程度也许足以使我扩大我的注意力到下面的一项,争取在下一周内在两行中都没有黑点。,Proceeding th
20、us to the last,I could get through a course complete in thirteen weeks,and four courses in a year.And like him who,having a garden to weed,does not attempt to eradicate all the bad herbs at once(which would exceed his reach and his strength),bAnd like him who,having a garden to weed,does not attempt
21、 to eradicate all the bad herbs at once(which would exceed his reach and his strength),but works on one of the beds at a time,and having accomplished the first,proceeds to a second,so I should have(1 hoped),he encouraging pleasure of seeing on my pages the progress made in virtue,by clearing success
22、ively my lines of their spots,till,in the end,by a number of courses,I should be happy in viewing a clean book,after a thirteen weeks daily examination.,这样下去直到最后一项,我可以在十三个星期内完毕一个整个的过程,一年可以循环四次。一个人要替一个花园拔草,他不能企图一次就消灭所有的野草,这样做会超过他的能力,但是他在某一个时候只对付一个花坛,在拔完了第一个花坛以后,才动手第二个。像他一样,我希望我能令人快慰地在我的表格上看到我在品德上的进步,
23、在逐步地清除了横行中的黑点之后,直到末了,在几个循环之后,在十三个星期的逐日检查以后,我会愉快地看到一本干净的簿子了。,p30 passage 2Prayer prefixed to his tables if examination,0 powerful Goodness!bountiful Father!merciful Guide!Increase me in that wisdom which discovers my truest interest:Strengthen my resolution to perform what that wisdom dictates!Accept
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