复旦学术英语(医学)课后问答题期末复习.ppt

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1、Review,For 2015 students,Just for reference,Do you agree that it is sheer neuron overload on the doctor side that leads to the complaint that doctors dont listen?(Pre.1)Neuron overloadPatients high expectationsMistrust and misunderstanding between the patients and physician,Unit 1 Text A,Please list

2、 Mrs.Osorios condition(Pre.2)A 56-year-old womanSomewhat overweightReasonably well-controlled diabetes and hypertensioncholesterol on the high side without any medications for thisNot as much exercise as she shouldThinning of her bones on last DEXA scanStressful but good about keeping her appointmen

3、ts and getting her blood testsGenerally healthy,What things about Mrs.Osorios conditions run through the authors mind?(Pre.3),Good ThingsBlood tests doneGlucose a little betterHer blood pressure good but not greatBad ThingsHer weight a little upHer bones a little thin on the DEXA,Do you agree that P

4、aragraph 4 just illustrates that one stray request from Mrs.Osorio sends the delicately balanced three-ring circus tumbling down?(Pre.4),The key is in para.4,The author was in moderate state of panic:juggling so many thoughts about Mrs.Osorios conditions and trying to resolve them all before the clo

5、ck ran downMrs.Osorio made a trivial request,not so important as compared to her conditionsMrs.Osorio seemed to care only about her“innocentand completely justifiedrequest”:the form signed by her doctorThe doctor tried to or at least pretend to pay attention to the patients while completing document

6、ationComplaints that doctors dont listen might have other reasons than just doctors neuron overload,See(Paras.7-8),How can you compare multitasking in human beings and computers?(pre.5),Multitasking originated in computer science.Microprocessors in fact linear,actually perform only one task at a tim

7、e.Multitasking seems just as an illusion both in computer and humans.At best,Man juggles only a handful of thoughts in this mannerThe more thoughts we juggle,the less we are able to attune fully to any given thought.So can we say multitasking is a recipe for disaster?,How?,What is the use of the num

8、bers?Use these numbers to justify that it is the juggling mind that keeps doctors awake at night.(pre.6),What are the reasons why doctors kept awake at night?Are they the reasons of their neuron overload?(Pre.6),7 medical issues to consider5 separate thoughts,at least,for each issue 7 X 5=35 thought

9、s10 patients that afternoon35 X 10=3505 residents under the authors supervision4 patients seen by each residents10 thoughts,at least,generated by each patients5 X 4 X 10=200350+200=550 thoughts to be handled in total If the doctor does a good job juggling 98%of the time,that still leaves ten thought

10、s that might get lost in the process.,Explain the last sentence of this paragraph.(page 5),Are those proposed solutions,like computer-generated reminders,case managers,ancillary services,capable of solving the authors problem of overload?(Pre.7),Unit 2 Text A,What does the author imply by mentioning

11、 two choices?(para.1,Pre.1)What followed ever since the heady days of victory declarations?(para.4,Pre.2)What does the joined battle refer to?And elaborate on it.(paras.5-12,pre.3),The first question has something to do withor not?,Peoples inadequate consciousness about the consequence of neglecting

12、 the emerging and reemerging infectious diseases.Unjustifiability of peoples complacency about the prevention and control of the infectious diseases.Unfinished war against infectious disease.Above all,something to do with money(budget).,What follows,Out-of-expectation outcomeAppearance of new diseas

13、es such as AIDS and Ebola.Comeback of the old afflictions.Diphtheria in the former Soviet Union.TB in urban centers like New York City.Rising Group A streptococcal conditions like scarlet fever.The fear of a powerful new flu strain sweeping the world.,Elaborate on the joined battle.(Pre.3)WHO:establ

14、ishment of a new division devoted worldwide surveillance and control of emerging disease in Oct.1995CDC:launching prevention strategy in 1994Congress:raising fund from$6.7 million in 1995 to$26 million for 1997,Justify“the realization that world health is indivisible”.(Pre.4)Attention to the health

15、conditions of the globe before satisfying OUR most parochial(地方范围的)needsMeaninglessness of borders to pathogenic(致病的)microbesWith 24 hours of time,from a crowded marketplace in Kikwit,Zaire to a New York City subway,Exemplify the statement that“Every returning”(pre.5),Examples(1)TBPrisons and homele

16、ss shelters as ideal venues for TB spread Development of drug-resistant strains or even multi-drug-resistant strainA ride on the HIV wagon by attacking the immunocompromised(免疫功能不全的),Examples(2),Group A strepA change in virulence（毒性）Mutation in the exterior of the bacteriumfleshing-eating bacteria o

17、f 1994rheumatic feverscarlet feverfluConstant changes in its coat(surface antigens 表面抗原)and resultant changes in its level of virulenceLooming(逼近)next flu pandemic as bad as that of 1918,Why are vaccination practices at the heart of the most infectious diseases?Use examples to prove it.(Pre.6)What a

18、re the four areas of focus according to Bob Howard?(Pre.7),Examples,Waning immunitySerious diphtheria situation in the former Soviet UnionDeterioration in some American citiesIncreased reports of malaria,The four areas of focus,Need for surveillanceUpdated science capable of dealing with discoveries

19、 in the fieldAppropriate prevention and controlStrong public health infrastructure,“Old enemies never die.”Justify it medically.,Discussing Is there a 100%solution for every problem?Is there a 100%cure for every ailment?What does the tile“The Seventy Percent Solution”mean?(Pre.6),Unit 3 Text A,With

20、70%to 90%of the risk for diabetes,heart disease,cancer,and autoimmunity being due to environmental factors other than genetics,we can provide the real solution to many health problems and the health care crisis by changing our environment,for example,optimizing our nutrition and reducing our toxic l

21、oad.,What does the tile“The Seventy Percent Solution”mean?(Pre.6),According to the author,How was Terrys life before she was diagnosed with MS?(Pre.1)How much do you know about MS and autoimmune disease?(Pre.2),Cause as mentioned by the authorthe assault of immune cells on the brain,with possible or

22、igin in genetic make-up or/and combination of environmental factorsTreatment as mentioned by the authorinterferon and copolymer-1,How much do you know about MS and autoimmune disease?(Pre.2),http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_disease,o,http:/,http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis,Begin

23、her own study of the literature,reading article after article on PubMed.Relearn basic science such as cellular physiology,biochemistry and neurophysiology.Look for recent articles testing new MS drugs in animal models and read articles concerning neurodegeneration of all typesdementia,Parkinsons dis

24、ease,Huntingtons,and Lou Gehrigs disease.,What did Terry do before she self-experimented?(Pre.3),self-experimentation with various nutrients to slow neurodegeneration based on literature reports on animal modelsself-experimentation with neuromuscular electrical stimulation still based on literature

25、online search to identify the sources of micronutrientsreduction of food allergy and toxic load,What approaches did Terry mainly use to deal with neurodegeneration?(Pre.4),With 70%to 90%of the risk for diabetes,heart disease,cancer,and autoimmunity being due to environmental factors other than genet

26、ics,we can provide the real solution to many health problems and the health care crisis by changing our environment,for example,optimizing our nutrition and reducing our toxic load.,One example to illustrate the correlation between toxic load and disease(Pre.5),Unit 4 Text A,Give a brief explanation

27、 of the two concepts:complementary medicine and alternative medicine.(pre.1)To what extent do you agree with the authors opinion on traditional Chinese medicine as being“affordable,low tech,safe,and effective”？（pre.2）,The clinical uses of acupuncture(Pre.3),An adjunct treatment,an acceptable alterna

28、tive forpost-operative chemotherapy induced nausea and vomitingpost-operative dental painaddictionstroke rehabilitationheadachemenstrual crampstennis elbow,fibromyalgia myofascial pain osteoarthritis low back pain carpal tunnel syndrome and asthma,Do you think the author is overoptimistic in predict

29、ing a wider future use of acupuncture in the US?(Pre.4),More intense _Higher _Greater _Stronger _An increasing number of _,research,adoption of acupuncture,interest of health insurance industries,push for coverage,physician acupuncturists,Explain how inappropriate uses of herbs may result in complic

30、ations.(Pre.5),Appropriate uses of herbs depend on proper guidanceProper TCM diagnosis of the zheng of the patientCorrect selection of the corresponding therapeutic strategies and principles that guide the choice of herbs and herbal formulasDigression from either of the above conditions,misuses of h

31、erbs,will result in complications in patient.,Various approaches to herbal study are mentioned in the text.Pick one to discuss the advantages and limitations.(Pre.6),Randomized controlled trialsQuasi-experimentscohort studiescase-control studies“1”trials,What are the difficulties in investigating he

32、rbal therapies?(Pre.7),Dependence of synthesis of evidence onThe completeness of the literature search(Unavailable for foreign studies)The accuracy of evaluationNo answers to be found for the questions of interestRequirement of using less stringent information rather than“hard data”,What are the fac

33、tors to consider when we integrate eastern and western medicine?(Pre.8),Assessment of the intrinsic value of traditional medicine in societyResearch and education Political,economic and social factors,Unit 5 Text A,Clarify the differences between disease and dis-ease.(Pre.1)Dis-ease refers to the im

34、balance arising froma continuous stresspainhardshipsDisease is a health crisis ascribable to various dis-easesPrompt elimination of dis-eases can alleviate some diseases,Your personal understanding about the claim that Health is a multidimensional experience of body,mind and spirit.(Pre.2),Wellness

35、as a state involving every aspect of our body:body,mind,and spiritManifestations of a healthy personEnergy and vitalityA certain zip in gaitA warm feeling of peace of heart seen through behaviour,Illustrate the relationship between life on automatic pilot and wellness.(Pre.3),Constant messages,posit

36、ive and negative,sent to our mind about the health of our bodyPhysical symptoms suppressedBeing well equaled to being disease or illness freeWellness confused with an absence of symptoms,Describe the time of great confusion we live in.(Pre.4),Peoples mind infected by spinhalf-truthfearful fictionsbl

37、atant deceit:some as a form of self-deceitSpin as a result of unconscious livingPandemic falsenessShowing up on every front in society and the mediaSpreading to all corners of the globeDeeply embedded in our minds,Comment on“a culture that values thinking more than feeling and emphasizes reason over

38、 intuitive awareness and knowing”.(Pre.5),Our body intelligence suppressed and dormantTremendous amount of stress on a daily basisLimiting,self-defeating,and even self-destructive behaviors that undermines our well-being and keeps them from achieving our full potential,Explain the process where we c

39、hange from“playing full-out”to“play it safe,or play not to lose”.(Pre.6),More reluctant to take risks Loss of ability to feel and acknowledge our deepest feelings and the courage to speak our truthContinuing denial and repression of our feeling to protect themselvesAn unconscious and self-protective

40、 habit/a default response to life:fear,denial,and disconnection from our bodies and feeling,Everything comes finally down to HOW.Explain how wellness can be established?(Pre.7),A multi-faceted processIssues rooted and resolved in different dimensionsBuilding our wellness toolbox slowlyPicturing our

41、whole state of beingAttention to the little stuffWellness not a goal but a processMaintenance of a balance of our mind,body,and spirit,Make a list of the tips on how to become a fully integrated human being.(Pre.8),Try to awaken and evolve in order to live more consciouslyGet in touch with our genui

42、ne feelings and emotionsCome to terms with/Make peace with the toxic emotions,Unit 6 Text A,How has the end-of-life care changed over time?(pre.1),What advantages does a hospital have over a nursing home for end-of-life care?(Pre.3),Availability of medical resources,including doctors,nurses and faci

43、lity around the clockAnything else you can add to that?Advantages of Nursing HomePrearranged plans for end-of-life careEstablishment of a relationship between the staff and familyMore personalized carePrivacy arrangement:time alone,Whats the role of family and friends when the patient is cared at ho

44、me?(Pre.4),Taking on a job which is big physically,emotionally,and financially；Hiring a home nurse for additional help;Arranging for services(such as visiting nurses)and special equipment(like a hospital bed or bedside commode),What needs to be considered to make comfort care available at home?(Pre.

45、5),Health insurancePlanning by a professional,such as a hospital discharge planner or a social workerHelp from local governmental agenciesDoctor supervision at home,How has the meaning of palliative care changed?(Pre.6),only symptom care,close to hospice care,What might be one of the misconceptions

46、about choosing hospice?(Pre.7),Stopping treatment specifically aimed at curing an illness equals discontinuing all treatmentA good example:An older person with cancerDiscontinuation of chemotherapy but continuation of medication for hypertension,What might be one of the misconceptions about choosing

47、 hospice?(Pre.7),Choosing hospice is a permanent decisionDelores as an exampleEighty-two with failing kidneys Beginning hospice care not wanting to go through dialysis,so DeloresChanging her mind and beginning dialysis in the hopes of one day holding her first great-grandchild.,What might be one of

48、the misconceptions about choosing hospice?(Pre.7),Choosing hospice is a permanent decisionArt Buchwald as another exampleeighty-one real-life humorist and Washington Post columnistDecided against the kidney dialysis suggested by his doctorBig news with stabilized conditionLeaving hospice without thr

49、eat of death,What difficult situation is the young doctor facing?(Pre.1)A dying patientDecision whether to withdraw life-support machines and medication and start comfort measuresThe familys refusal to make any decision or withdraw any treatments,Unit 7 Text A,Doctors as exclusive decision makerPati

50、ents as participants without little say in the final choiceThe way doctors and patients approach medical decisions has changed sharply over the last 50 years.,What is paternalistic decision-making in medicine?(Pre.2),Respect for the patient,especially the patients autonomyPatient-centered careThe Pa