职称英语考试 理工类A级 完形填空 押题 Better Solar Energy.doc
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1、芒果备注:比起BC级要求看的文章,这篇要求A级考生看的文章要有点难度。这篇文章考的语法点不多,主要考察对全文的理解,这就要求考生对整篇文章要非常熟练。这篇文章,15个题目,有7个题目考的是名词,大部分要求从上下文理解后,才能得出答案。文章的术语比较多,需要认得单词。要找出选项的答案,重点是要观察前后文的含义,综合理解,仅靠语法知识,会发现题目有点难度。考试的时候也不排除会修改些语法的选项,这里芒果给大家粗略点下,还需要大家自己对文章进行学习理解。红色为教材选项绿色为可能替换选项第十三篇 Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light更有效的
2、太阳能系统:更多热量,更强灯光Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate(动词,表示产生) both heat and electricity, but _1_ now(表示直到现在) they havent been very good at the heat-generating part compared to(与比较) a stand-alone solar thermal collector. Thats because they operate(动词,表示工作) at low temperatures t
3、o cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more _2_ but isnt a very efficient(形容词,表示有效的) way to gather heat.太阳能光伏热能系统,也叫PVT,能够生成热量和电能。与太阳热能单机收集器相比,传统太阳能光伏热能系统在转换热能方面效率不是很高。原因是,为了使晶体硅太阳能电池冷却,该系统在低温下工作。因此,硅体能产出更多的电能,却不能有效地产生热量。Thats a problem of _3_ . Good solar hot-water
4、systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower _4_(at cost成本方面). And it,s also a space problem(名词,空间问题,注意space):photovoltaic cells can take up(词组,表示占据) all the space on the roof, leaving(动词,留给) little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies(量词,一
5、项研究), Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a _5_ in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from ThinSilicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queens Unive
6、rsity, Canada.第一,经济问题。好的太阳能热水系统比太阳能电力系统收集的能量更多,而且成本低得多。第二,空间问题。光电管占去屋顶的所有的空间,几乎没有空间留给热能的产出。在一项研究中,材料科学与工程副教授Joshua Pearce找到了一个解决方案:用另外一种硅制成PVT来解决效能问题。他的合作者有:来自加利福尼亚ThinSilicon的Kunal Girotra和加拿大皇后大学的 Michael Pathak 和 Stephen Harrison。Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon,but you can als
7、o make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, _6_ known as thin-film silicon. They dont create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they _7_ much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately,thin-film silicon solar cells are _8_ to some bad-news
8、 physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.大部分太阳能电池板是由晶体硅制成,但是,你也可以用非晶硅制成太阳能电池,这种非晶体硅通常被叫作薄膜硅。它们不能产生那么多的电能,但是更亮、更灵巧、成本更低。而且,由于它们需要的硅较少,它们更环保。不幸的是,薄膜硅太阳能电池易受SWE效应攻击(在光的 照射下,非晶硅氢的导电性短时间内显著衰退,这种特性被称为SWE效应)。“That means that their efficiency _9_ when you expose(动词,表示暴露) them to light pretty much
9、(表示几乎) the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” Pearce explains,which is one of the _10_ thin- film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market(名词,表示市场).However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a ne
10、w _11_ of PVT. You dont have to cool down(词组,表示冷却) thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact,Pearces group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures,near the boiling _12_ of water, they could make thicker cells that largely(常考词汇,表示很大程度上) _13_ the Staebler-Wronski effect.
11、 When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy _14_ , they also found that by baking the cell once a day,they _15_ the solar cells electrical efficiency by over 10 percent(对by的使用,在理工C完形填空2013新增文章Why Indian里面出现过).“当被暴露在光线下,那就意味着它们的能效会降低这几乎是太阳能电池最可能糟糕的效应。” Pearce解释道。这就是薄型太
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