论文课题:Inside Encrypting File System(加密文件系统).doc
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1、专业论文翻译 论文课题:InsideEncryptingFileSystem指 导 教 师: 班 级: 姓 名: InsideEncryptingFileSystemThenextstepEfsRpcEncryptFileSrvperformsistocreatealogfileintowhichLSASRVwillRecordtheprogressoftheencryptionprocess.EfsRpcEncryptFileSrvcreatesthelogfileonthesamedriveasthefilethatEFSwillencrypt,andplacesthelogfileund
2、ertheroot directoryssubdirectorySystemVolumeInformation.Thelogfileusuallyhasthenameefs0.log,butifother filesareundergoingencryption,EfsRpcEncryptFileSrvreplacesthenumber0 withincreasingnumbersuntilLSASRVcancreateauniquelogfileforthecurrentencryption.Win2KscryptographyAPIsrelyoninformationthatausersR
3、egistryprofilestores,so EfsRpcEncryptFileSrvnextusestheLoadUserProfileAPIofuserenv.dll(UserEnvironmentDLL)toloadtheprofileintotheRegistryoftheuserEfsRpcEncryptFileSrvisimpersonating.Usuallytheuserprofileisalreadyloaded,becausewinlogon.exeloadsausersprofilewhenauserinteractivelylogson.However,ifyouus
4、etheMicrosoftWindowsNTServer4.0ResourceKitSuutilityortheWin2KRunAscommandtologontoadifferentaccount,whenyoutrytoaccessencryptedfilesfromthataccount,theaccountsprofilemightnotload.EfsRpcEncryptFileSrvsnextstepistocallanotherLSASRVfunction,EncryptFileSrv,tocarryouttherestoftheencryptionprocessforthefi
5、le.EncryptFileSrvbeginsbyqueryingNTFSaboutwhichdatastreamsexistwithinthefile,notingtheresultforlateruse.NTFSsupportsalternatenameddatastreamsinadditiontothedefaultunnamedstreaminwhichNTtypicallystoresdata.Win2Kmakesheavyuseofalternatestreamstosupportcompounddocumentstorage(i.e.,NativeStructuredStora
6、ge),asdoesServicesforMacintoshwhichusesalternatestreamstoimplementMacintoshresourceforks.EFSmustencryptallofafilesdatastreamsnotjustthestreamthatmostapplicationssee.EncryptFileSrvcallstheinternalfunctionGenerateFEKtogenerateaFEKforthefile.GenerateFEKusestheCryptoAPIfunctionCryptAcquireContexttoiniti
7、ateacryptographicsession.CryptAcquireContexttakesseveralparameters,includingthenameofthesessionscryptographicproviderandthecryptographyservicethatthecaller(inthiscase,GenerateFEK)isinterestedin.GenerateFEKspecifiesMicrosoftBaseCryptographicProvider1.0asthesessionscryptographicprovider.GenerateFEKals
8、osignalsthatitwantstousetheprovidersRSAencryptionfacilities.BaseCryptographicProviderisabuilt-inproviderthatispresentonallWin2Ksystems.However,thearchitectureoftheCryptoAPIletssoftwarevendorsimplementproprietaryprovidersanddynamicallyaddthemtoWin2K.Thus,GenerateFEKmustspecifyasessionscryptographicpr
9、ovider.RSAisapublic-key-basedencryptionalgorithmthahasbecomeadefactoworldwidestandard.Thefilersabase.dllimplementsRSAforBaseCryptographicProvider1.0.AftertheCryptAcquireContextfunctionreturnswithahandletotheprovider,GenerateFEKcallsCryptGenRandomtohavetheprovidergenerate16bytes(128bits)ofrandomdatat
10、oserveasthefilesFEK.GenerateFEKthencallsCryptCloseSessiontoclosethecryptographicprovidersession,andreturnscontroltoEncryptFileSrv.ConstructingKeyRings.Atthispoint,EncryptFileSrvhasaFEKandcanconstructEFSinformationto storewiththefile,includinganencryptedversionoftheFEK.Figure2illustratestheEFSinforma
11、tionslayout.EncryptFileSrvcallsanotherfunction,ConstructEFS,toconstructtheEFSinformation.Beforeitcandoso,ConstructEFSmustusetheCryptoAPItogetahandletotheuserspublickeyandprivatekeypair.Togetthishandle,ConstructEFScallsanotherfunction,GetCurrentKey,whichreadstheRegistryvalueHKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwareM
12、icrosoftWindowsNTCurrentVersionEFSCurrentKeysCertificateHash.Everypublickey/privatekeypairhasadigitalcertificatethattheissuingcertificateauthoritysigns,andthatusersusetoobtaintheirpublickeys.Thedigitalsignature,orhash,uniquelyidentifiesthepublickey/privatekeypair.ByreadingtheCertificateHashvalue,Con
13、structEFSobtainsthecurrent userspublickeysignatureandusesittoaccessthepublickeyandencryptFEKs.WhentheCertificateHashvaluedoesntexist,whichisthecasethefirsttimeauserencryptsafile,EFSmustdeterminewhethertheuserhasanEFSpublickey/privatekeypair,orwhetheritmustcreatethekeypair.First,EFSopenstheMysystemce
14、rtificatestoragearea,inwhichtheOSstoresEFSkeypairs.(Severalcertificatestorageareascanexistonasystem,eachcontainingvariouscertificates.)EFSusestheCryptoAPIfunctionCertFindCertiragearea.IfCertFindCertificateInStoredoesntfindanEFSkey-paircertificate,ConstructEFScallsGenerateUserKeytocreateone.GenerateU
15、serKeycallsCryptUIWizCertRequesttocreatethekeypairandreturnasignedcertificateforthepair.Thekey-pairgenerationoccursonadomaincontroller(forasystemthatispartofadomain)orthelocalcomputer(foracomputerthatisnotpartofadomain).WhenEFSlocatesorcreatestheuserskey-paircertificate,EFSobtainsthecertificateshash
16、andstoresitintheRegistrykeyHKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsNTCurrentVersionEFSCurrentKeysCertificateHash.InWin2Kbeta3,theproviderthatcreatespublickey/privatekeypairsisBaseCryptographicProvider1.0.Whenithastheuserskey-pairhash,EFSusestheCertGetCertificateContextPropertyCryptoAPItoobtaininfor
17、mationabouttheproviderthatCACreateLocalAutoEnrollmentObjectusedtogeneratethekeypair.ThisinformationincludestheprovidersnameandthenameofthecontainertheproviderusestostorekeypairsfortheuserwhomLSASRVisimpersonating.Thecontainernameismeaningfulonlytotheprovider,butinthecaseofBaseCryptographicProvider,t
18、hecontainernameisafilepathrelativetotheusersprofiledirectory.AnexamplecontainernameisM:DocumentsandSettingsAdministratorApplicationDataMicrosoftSystemCertificatesMyCertificatesCD099602FD898D7EFCDC4283C6742D30A15A0062.Win2KhidestheApplicationDatadirectorybydefault,andcontainerfilenamesvary.EFSusesCry
19、ptAcquireContexttoopenacryptographicsessionwiththeprovider.InthecalltoCryptAcquireContext,EFSspecifiestheprovidername,thecontainername,andthatitwantsto useRSAencryptionservices.Toobtainthecurrentuserspublickey,EFSusesthefunctionCryptExportKey,whichcausesthecryptographicprovidertoextractthekeyfromthe
20、container.ConstructEFScannowconstructthe informationthatEFSstoreswiththefile.TheLSASRV functionConstructKeyRingmakesuseoftheuserspublickeythatCryptExportKeyobtainedtostoretheEFSinformationwithafile.MicrosoftcallsthefunctionConstructKeyRingbecause,asImentionedearlier,EFSletsmultipleusersshareencrypte
21、dfiles.EFSstoresonlyoneblockofinformationinanencryptedfile,andthatblockcontainsanentryforeachuser sharingthefile.Theseentriesarecalledkeyentries,andEFSstoresthem intheDataDecryptionField(DDF)portionofthefilesEFSdata.Acollectionofmultiplekeyentriesisakeyring.Figure2showsafilesEFSinformationformatandk
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