谢孟媛初级文法讲义160讲!.doc
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1、谢孟媛初级文法讲义(1-30课) 谢孟媛英文初级文法 第1集笔记 名词的功用。当主语,补语,受词1. 名词的种类 单数/复数 普通名词 book pencil. dog. Spaceship宇宙飞船、例如 I like dogs。 我喜欢狗。集合名词 class, family, audience 听众。例如 1. My family is large. 我家是一个大家庭。2.My family are all early risers 起早的人。我家人都起的很早.专用名词。- Bob, Smith, April, London. 专用名词前不能加冠词、后面不加S。下面的专用名词需要加上定冠词
2、。例如 The united states . 美国 The united Nations .联合国。物质名词-glass glasses wood woods paper newspaper butter fruitmeat sugar air gas water数字 容器(度量衡) of 物质名词例如 a loaf of bread 一片面包。 Loaves of bread 很多面包 a cup of coffee. 一杯咖啡。Two cups of coffee.a sheet of paper. 一张纸。Sheep(绵羊) Two sheets of paper. 两张纸 a spo
3、onful of sugar 一勺糖。 a kind of fish 一种鱼抽象名词-beauty美丽 honesty诚实 love爱 live居住 life(生活) patience 耐心happy幸福的 happiness 幸福 music 音乐。2. 名词的数-个数1单数/ 个数2 以上是复数(七种变化)1、例如 dog-dogs book -books girl - girls2、名词字尾为 s. sh. ch .x. o- es 如 classes buses dishes benches boxes注意名词字尾为字音 O 复数名词es 如tomato-tomatoes也有例外的 如
4、 photo- photos phone(电话) Piano-pianos3、名词字尾为y 的复数名词要去y ies如 baby-babies oy(男孩) cowboy(牛仔) story(小说)-stories city-cities lady-ladies4、名词字尾为f 或fe 去 f/fe ves如 leaf叶- leaves knifeknives wife- wives也有例外。 Handkerchiefs 手帕。Chiefs 酋长 Roofs 屋顶5、不规则变化的复数名词字尾 加 en , 或 ren 如 Ox -oxen , bull cow cowboy chicago b
5、ulls child- children6、改变母音 如 man-men / woman - women / goose-geese/ tooth/teeth/ mouse /mice Old couple(老夫妇)7、单复数同行 如 fish , deer chinese japaneseOne fish / two fish a kind of fish 一种鱼 two kind of fishs 两种鱼3. 名词的所有格形成 单数名词-名词s 例如 The boys schoolbag Joans dress复数名词-名词s 例如 a girls schoolthese students
6、 teacher 字尾非s 的复数名词-名词s 例如 childrens playground操场Child(儿童)play(玩耍)ground(n.地面,土地;基础;范围;阵地,战场vi.搁浅,停飞;着陆vt.把放在地上;在的基础树立上;交给基本知识;使受初步训练v.grind的过去式和过去分词) 特别注意的所有格用法共同所有格及个别所有格共同所有格- 名词 名词 名词s个别所有格-名词s 名词s 名词s例句 1 Harry and Bills father is a scientist harry 和bill 的爸爸是个科学家。 2.Harrys and Bills fathers are
7、 scientists harry 的爸爸和bill 的爸爸是科学家. (无)生物 所有格 A 的 B = B of A 如桌子的脚 the legs of the table 车门 the door of the car女孩子的名字 the girls name有生命的东西可以这样用 the name of the girl所有格之后的名词如在句中非常容易理解时可以省略。例如1. shes going to the dentists 她要去看牙医,牙医(dentist)。Scientist(科学家) 2 I met him at the barbers(shop)我在理发店遇见他。Barbe
8、r(理发师) Shop(店铺) 省略3. We like to eat lunch at McDonalds 我们在麦当老吃午餐。4 . 冠词 冠词可分为不定冠词a / am 及 定冠词 the 它通常放在名词前用来修饰名词。 a/ an 的用法子音开头的单数 用 a母音开头的单数用 an 母音有5个 I 如 a book a girl a young man An apple an umbrella an old womana/ an 的发音 Old coupleI read a novel, 我读一本小说I read a novel。 not two the 的用法-母音前读 (低) 子音
9、前的读 (则)例如 please shut the door .请把那门关上 (特指一定要加the ) The rich arent always happy. 有钱并不是幸福。谢孟媛英文初级文法 第2集笔记 Until 2 be动词 一般动词的现在时1. be动词的现在时am are is / 是. 在。的意思例如1 . we are happy. 2. she is in America.(the united states u.s)主词 be 动词第一人称 I am a boy.第二人称 you they 复数名词are You are my sons .你们是我的儿子。第三人称的单数加
10、 Is 。 He is my student Be 动词的否定, am/ are / is not He is not a good baseball player. He isnt good baseball player Be动词的疑问句肯定句-主词 am/ are /is .疑问句 am / are / is 主词。that is his camera-Is that his camera?The girl is a junior high school student 这个女孩是中学生。 Senior high school. 高中生、Is the girl a junior high
11、 school student?Be 动词开头的疑问句可用yes 或 no 回答 Is that man your math teacher 。 那个男人是你的数学老师吗? Yes. He is / no he isnt Are you eating your lunch ? 你吃中午饭了吗?yes, I am / no, I am not 主词 一般动词-现在式中主词为第三人称单数一般动词S 或例如。 I like dogs / we like dogs You like dogs / you like gods He likes dogs 第三人称单数S 一般动词加S或eS的方法1. 大部
12、分动词加S发音为 如 works plays A. 一般动词字尾为 o .s .sh. ch. 时加 es-如 goes washes watchesB. 一般动词字尾音为 y 时 去 y 加 ies -如 cry-cries study-studies Have 和has -have (有 吃)的 单数动词为 has 例如 1. They have a lot of money . 他们有很多钱。 2. He has a lot of money 他有和多钱.。第三人称单数用has 一般动词的否定句-不可在一般动词后加 not 必须用助动词 do / does Do 用于主词 为 I . y
13、ou 复数 Does 用于主词为第三人称单数, 否定句主词 do/ does not 原型动词 例如1. The twin brothers go to school by bus.这对双胞胎是乘公交车上学的。改成否定 the twin brothers do not go to school by busDont2. Sam has dinner at the restaurant . Sam 在那家餐厅吃晚餐。改成否定句 Sam doesnt have dinner at the restaurant. 比较-否定句 Be 动词 He is my boyfriend He isnt my
14、boyfriend 一般动词- He likes dogs He doesnt like dogs 一般动词的疑问句-不能将一般动词放在主词前,必须用助动词do/ does 疑问句 Do / Does 主词 动词原型。例如1. You visit your grandmother on Sunday.改成疑问句Do you visit your grandmother on Sunday? 你每逢星期天去看你的外婆吗 例如2. He come from England改成疑问句 Does he come from england 他是来自英国吗? 助动词do/ does 开头的疑问句回答用ye
15、s/no之后用do/ does 回答例如 Does the little boy go to school. 这个小男孩已经上学了吗?Yes he does . No, he doesnt 比较-疑问句 Be 动词- She is beautiful Is she beautiful?一般动词-she loves tennis Does she love tennis?谢孟媛英文初级文法 第3集 笔记 Unilt 3 be 动词一般动词的过去式 1. be 动词的过去式 was / were am/ is was are /were过去时be 动词的动词表示过去时间中发生的状态例如 1. 现在
16、式 He is busy now. 2. 过去式 He was busy then 那时他很忙。时间副词改变,动词也必须改变。 例如 1.现在式 My parents are at home now。我的父母现在在家。 2.过去式My parents were at home yesterday.我的父母昨天在家 Be 动词(过去式)的否定句-主词 was / were not例如 1. Mr brown was a vet 否定 Mr brown wasnt a vet .2.Joe and brian were in the living room at that time 否定 Joe
17、and brian werent in the living room at that time , Be动词过去式的疑问句 was / were 主词例如 1. wendy was in the seventh grade last year. Wendy去年读7年级。疑问句 was wendy in the seventh grade last year? 例如 Were you a pianist? Piano 钢琴 pianist钢琴家。 Yes , I was. No. I want .2. 一般动词的过去式-规则变化/ 不规则变化 规则变化-ed d ld 原型动词字尾有ed he
18、lped spelled wanted needed 原型动词字尾有e d loved dance-danced原型动词为子音短母音 子音-重复字尾加ed 如 stopped planned (计划)原型动词为子音有y 去y 加ied 如 studystudied crycried 不规则变化 如 eat - ate Read(瑞得) - -read (瑞爱得)注意写法一样 读音不同RiderodeCome-cameHave -hadSee- -sawGo-wentTeach-taughtGive -gaveTake-took 现在 I walk to school. Every day .过
19、去 I walked to school yesterday。动词随着时间改变形态Mother goes to a supaermarket every morning .妈妈每天早上去超市。过去式 Mother went to a supermarket yesterday morning .妈妈昨天早上去超市了。 主词为第三人称单数过去式不需加s 。 过去式是不分人称的。 一般动词(过去式)的否定句-需用助动词 Did /Do 肯定句 主词 加 一般动词过去式否定句 主词 加did not 动词原型 例如1. He called you last night 他昨天打给你电话了否定 He
20、didint call you last night 他昨天没有给你打电话。 例如2. My sister and I watched TV all day yesterday .我的姐姐和我昨天一天都在看电视。否定 Mysister and I didnt watch TV all day yesterday 我和我的姐姐昨天并非一天都在看电视。Not -all 并非- didnt -all 并非 比较 否定句 (过去式) Be 动词- she was at home She wasnt at home .一般动词-she studied English She didnt study En
21、glish .一般动词的疑问句肯定 主词 一般动词过去式疑问句 Did 主词 原型 例如1. His friends went to that movie last week 他的朋友们上周去看电影了。疑问句 Did his friends go to that movie last week? 例如2. Grace wrote a letter to David . Grace .给david 写了一封信。疑问句 Did Grace write a letter to David ?Yes,she did No, she didnt 比较-疑问句(过去式) Be 动词-He was sick
22、 疑问句 Was he sick ? yes he was . No , he want 一般动词 He did his homework did 是一般动词do 的过去式 疑问句 Did he do his homework. 注意 Do/does 现在 did 过去 有俩种身份1. 它可以当一般动词做的意思2. 它也是助动词 原型谢孟媛英文初级文法 第4集 笔记1. 人称代名词人称/格主 格所 有 格受 格主 格所 有 格受 格第一人称Imymeweourus第二人称youyouryouyouyouryou第三人称he she ithis her itshim her ittheythei
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