新初三暑假语法讲义——第五讲 数词 连词.doc
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1、第五讲 数词 连词中考要求内容基本要求略高要求较高要求数词一、基数词与序数词的构成及用法;二、分数、时间、日期的表达法。hundreds of 名基数词+hundred + 词基数词+hundred of the 复 数倍数,约数连词一、连词的分类;二、并列连词和从属连词的用法;三、易混连词辨析。从属连词易混连词辨析语法考点数词清单一、基数词基数词用来表示数目,或者说表示数量的词叫基数词。1最基本的基数词如下表表示。1 one 11 eleven100 a hundred 2 two 12 twelve20 twenty1000 a thousand3 three 13 thirteen 30
2、 thirty 1,000,000 1 million4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty10,000,000 ten million5 five15 fifteen 50 fifty100,000,000 a hundred million6 six 16 sixteen60 sixty1,000,000,000 a billion7 seven 17 seventeen70 seventy8 eight18 eighteen80 eighty9 nine19 nineteen90 ninety10 ten【注】:1) 基数词1-12是独立单词,需逐个记忆。1319 是由个
3、位数加后缀-teen构成。注意其中13、15、18的拼写是thirteen, fifteen, eighteen。2) 2090 由个位数加后缀-ty构成,注意20, 30, 40, 50和80的拼写分别是twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty。2199中非整十的两位数是由整十位数加连字符“-”,再加个位数构成。如:81 eighty-one。3) 101999 的基数词先写百位数,后加and 再写十位数和个位数。如:691 six hundred and ninety-one。4) 1000以上的基数词先写千位数,后写百位数,再加and,最后写十位数和个位数
4、。如:5893 five thousand eight hundred and ninety-three。在基数词中只有表示“百”、“千”的单位词,没有单独表示“万”、“亿”的单位词,而是用thousand(千)和million(百万)来表达,其换算关系为:1万=10 thousand; 1亿=100 million; 10亿=a thousand million=a billion。5) 多位数的读法:1000 以上的多位数,要使用计数间隔或逗号“,”。即从个位起,每隔三位加一个间隔或逗号。第一个间隔或逗号前是thousand(千),第二个间隔或逗号前是million(百万),第三个间隔或逗
5、号前是a thousand million 或a billion(十亿)。每隔三位分段以后就都成了101999。读的时候十位数(或个位数)的前面一般要加and。如:888,000,000 读作:eight hundred and eighty-eight million。【真题回放】1. There are _ days in a week.A. the seven B. seventh C. the seventh D. seven (2002 北京海淀区)2. Can you write the number eighty-five thousand,six hundred and twe
6、nty-six?Yes,it is. _. (2001 江西)A. 85662 B. 85626 C. 58662 D. 586263. Look at the picture. How many students ride to school in the class? Oh, there are _. (2008 四川广安) A.8 B. 16 C. 4 D. 12 6) Hundred, thousand, million, dozen, score 这些词的的用法(重难点)a) 前面如有表示具体数字的词,它们不能加“s”, 其中特别注意several,也表示一个具体数字,其范围是3-5
7、个:three hundred people, five thousand years;several million studentsb) 反之则须加“s”, 并要与of 短语连用。例如:thousands of people, hundreds of students, thousands of treesc) 当这些词后面的名词其有the, these, those等特指限定修饰词时,或其后接的是us, them这样的人称代词时, hundred, thousand, million, billion, dozen, score后有不加s, 但加of. 例如:I want three d
8、ozen of these eggs.【真题回放】1. _ travelers come to visit our city every year. (2002 哈尔滨)A. Hundred of B. Hundreds of C. Five hundreds D. Hundred 2. The man also wrote _ of beautiful pieces of music for the orchestra. (2008 天津) A. hundred B. six hundred C. a hundred D. hundreds3. Basketball is so popula
9、r a game in the world that _ people play it for fun and exercise. (2008 山东) A. million of B. millions of C. millions D. two millions of 4. Whats the matter, Kangkang? (2008 黄冈)Oh, I feel sorry to hear more than _ people lost their lives in the earthquake (地震) in Sichuan. A. sixty thousands of B. six
10、ty thousand C. sixty thousand of D. thousand of 5. After Wenchuan earthquake(地震), _ people got together on Tiananmen Square, calling out “Come on, China!”. (2008 衡阳) A. four thousand of B. thousands of C. several thousands 6. More than two _ years ago, people knew little about the universe. (2009辽宁锦
11、州)A. thousands B. thousand C. thousand of D. thousands of7. English is becoming a tourist city. _ people come here during the holidays every year. A. Thousand of B. Thousands of C. Five thousands of D. Five thousands 8. Over twenty _ students took part in the math competition last year. (2008 湘潭) A.
12、 thousand B. thousands C. thousands of 9. So far, doctors have saved _ peoples lives in the quake-hit area. (2008 淮安) A. thousands of B. thousand C. thousand of 10. _ visitors come to China every year. (2009贵州安顺)A. Thousands of B. Ten thousandsC. Ten thousand of D. Thousand of2. 基数词的用法:1) 基数词在句中的作用:
13、基数词的作用相当于名词和形容词,在句中可作定语、主语、宾语(介宾)、表语、同位语等。例如:Three and five is eight. 3+5=8 (作表语)How many oranges do you want?你要多少桔子?I want eight. 我要八个。(作宾语)There are eight boats in the lake. 湖里有八条小船。(作定语)2) 年、月、日和时间的表达法: 年份用基数词,日期用序数词,其顺序常用月、日、年。a) 年份用基数词表达,分两位一读,年份前用介词in。例如:1999 nineteen ninety-nine2000 two thous
14、and2010 two thousand and ten / twenty ten b) 月份的表示方法及缩写:月份前用介词 on, 月份的第一个字母要大写,有些月份名称有缩写形式。例如:一月January(Jan.), 二月February(Feb.), 三月March(Mar.), 四月(Apr.), 五月May, 六月June, 七月July, 八月August(Aug.),九月September(Sept.), 十月October(Oct.), 十一月November(Nov.), 十二月December(Dec.)c) 日期的表达要用序数词,读时前面要加定冠词the,介词要使用on。
15、例如:在6 月1 日:on June 1st 读作:on June the first.d) 年、月、日同时表达时,一般应先写月、日、后写年。如:在2001年5月4日:on May 4th, 2001。(中考考点-主要在听力中体现)3) 编了号的事物要用基数词表示顺序,但是基数词要后置。例如: 第一课:Lesson One 第三十二页:Page 32第305 房间:Room 305; 第12 路公共汽车:Bus No.12(中考考点-主要在听力中体现)【真题回放】1. The new student is in _.A. Class 2 B. Class Second C. 2 Class (
16、2002 武汉)2. -There is a wrong word in Line _. (2009湖北孝感)- Where? - In the _ line. A. Two; two B. Two; second C. second; two D. second; second 4) 几点几十分的表达法:可用顺读法或倒读法两种方式表达。例如:a) 表示整点时间,直接用基数词表达,后边可接oclock (也可不加)。表达“几点几分”时,绝不能用oclock。如:5:00-five (oclock)b) 在倒读法中,如果钟点不过半,须用“分钟数+past+钟点数”的形式;如果钟点过半,则用“差多
17、少分钟数+to+全钟点(下个钟点数)”的形式。如:6:18-six eighteen 或eighteen past six; 6:48twelve to seven c) 半点可以half表示,如:4:30-four thirty 或half past fourd) 表达“15 分”或“45 分”时,常用quarter(刻)。如:12:15-twelve fifteen或fifteen (a quarter) past twelve; 6:45-six forty/five a quarter to seven时间类型表示法例读法整点基数词(+ oclock) 1:00one oclock30
18、分钟分钟 + past +小时 2:10ten past two= 30 分钟half + past + 小时3:30half past three30分钟(60-分钟) + to +(小时 + 14:40twenty to five分钟逢15即 一刻钟a quarter5:156:45a quarter past fivea quarter to seven简化法按顺序读基数词7:50seven fifty【真题回放】1. Our first class begins at a quarter to eight. (2002 厦门)A. 8:15 B. 7:15 C. 8:45 D. 7:4
19、52. - Its already 7:40 now. When will the film start?- _. We still have five minutes.A. A quarter to seven B. Seven past forty-five C. A quarter to eight5) 分数表达法a) 分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词。如:one fifth 五分之一 one tenth 十分之一b) 当分子大于1 时,分母用序数词的复数。如: two thirds 三分之二 five eighths 八分之五c) 当分子是1 时,可以用one 也可以用a。如: a s
20、econd = one second a third = one thirdd) 当分母是2 和4 时,分别可以用half 和quarter 代替。如:a half 二分之一 three quarters 四分之三注意:分数考查往往和主谓一致相联系。当分数修饰可数名词的复数时,谓语动词用复数形式;当分数修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Three fourths of the students in my class are interested in English. 我们班四分之三的学生对英语感兴趣。Two thirds of the water on the earth is s
21、ea water. 地球上三分之二的水是海水。拓展:one in three, one out of three也表示三分之一,在阅读中常见。【真题回放】1. About _ of the workers in the clothes factory are women.A. third fifths B. third fifth C. three fifths D. three fifth (2002 甘肃)2. _of the warm water _already been used up. (2008 青海西宁) A. Two-third; has B. Two-third; have
22、 C. Two-thirds; has D. Two-thirds; have 6) 百分数表达法:基数词+percent of【注意】:百分数的考查往往和主谓一致相联系。当百分数修饰可数名词的复数时,谓语动词用复数形式;当百分数修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Eighty percent of the students in our school come from Henan. 我们学校百分之八十的学生来自河南。7) 小数表达法a) 小数点前的整数按基数词的规则表示,小数点写作point, 小数后的数字应按其数字直接表示出来。如:18.38 可写成:eighteen point
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