【英语论文】《呼啸山庄》哥特式阅读(英语).doc
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1、A Gothic Reading of Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄哥特式阅读1. IntroductionThe term “Gothic” describes, according to the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, “a style of literature popular in the 18th century and 19th centuries, which describes romantic adventure in mysterious and frightening setting.” “Gothic” h
2、as come to mean to quite a lot of things by this day and age. It could mean a particular style of art, be in the form of novels, painting, or architecture; It could mean “medieval” or “uncouth”; it could even refer to a certain type of music and its fans. What it originally meant, of course, is “of,
3、 relating to or resembling the Goths, their civilization, or their language” (“gothic”)1.1 The Origin of Gothic“Gothic” originally came from the Goths, an early Germanic tribe, who invaded and occupied almost all Roman between 3 and 5 AD. The Romans scornfully regarded them as barbaric and unculture
4、d, much like the Vandals. Thus, “Gothic” won the meaning- barbaric, vulgar, and uncultured. Later, the usage gradually became extensive. During the period of Renaissance, Italys humanists firstly used the word “Gothic”. They called the things from the north of the Alps “Gothic”. People also called t
5、hose upright buildings with slender columns, sharp Joaquin, and stained glasses and mosaics “Gothic Architecture”. Those buildings, including church construction or construction-related style, can create a formidable poet born and a sense of awe of mystery. The similar styles of sculptures, painting
6、s, including architecture art also are known as “Gothic Art”. Then, “Gothic” was defined as “rudeness, barbaric, obsoleteness, ugliness”.1.2 Gothic NovelThe Gothic novel is a well-known literature genre, in which the prominent features are mystery, doom, decay, old buildings with ghosts, madness, an
7、d hereditary curses and so on. The English Gothic novel began with Horace Walpoles The Castle of Otranto (1765), which was enormously popular and quickly imitated by other novelists and soon became a recognizable genre. To most modern readers, however, are insipid and flat; the action moves at a fas
8、t clip with no emphasis or suspense, despite the supernatural manifestations and a young maidens flight through dark vaults. But contemporary readers found the novel electrifyingly original and thrillingly suspenseful, with its remote setting, its use of the supernatural, and its medieval trappings,
9、 all of which have been so frequently imitated and so poorly imitated that they have become stereotypes. The genre takes its name from Otrantos medieval or Gothic setting; early Gothic novelists tended to set their novels in remote times like the Middle Ages and in remote places like Italy(Matthew L
10、ewiss The Monk, 1796) or the Middle East(William Beckfords Vathek, 1786).What makes a work Gothic is a combination of at least some of these elements: a castle, ruined or intact, haunted or not (the castle plays such a key role that it has been called the main character of the Gothic novel) ruined b
11、uildings which are sinister or which arouse a pleasing melancholy dungeons, underground passages, crypts, and catacombs which, in modern houses, become spooky basements or attics labyrinths, dark corridors, and winding stairs shadows, a beam of moonlight in the blackness, a flickering candle, or the
12、 only source of light failing (a candle blown out or, today, an electric failure) extremely landscapes, like rugged mountains, thick forests, or icy wastes, and extreme weather omens and ancestral curses magic, supernatural manifestations, or the suggestion of the supernatural a passion-driven, will
13、ful villain-hero or villain a curious heroine with a tendency to faint and a need to be rescued- frequently a hero whose true identity is revealed by the end of the novel horrifying (or terrifying) events or the threat of such happeningsThe Gothic creates feelings of gloom, mystery, and suspense and
14、 tends to the dramatic and the sensational, like incest, diabolism, necrophilia, and nameless terrors. It crosses boundaries, daylight and the dark side, life and death, consciousness and unconsciousness. Sometimes covertly, sometimes explicitly, it presents transgression, taboos, and fears-fears of
15、 violation, of imprisonment, of social chaos, and of emotional collapse. Most of us immediately recognize the Gothic (even if we dont know the name) when we encounter it in novels, poetry, plays, movies, and TV series. For some of us, including me safely experiencing dread or horror is thrilling and
16、 enjoyable.Elements of the Gothic have made their way into mainstream writing. They are found in Sir Walter Scotts novels, Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre, and Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights and in Romantic poetry like Samuel Coleridges “Chistabel”, Lord Byrons “The Giaour”, and John Keatss “The Eve of
17、 St.Angnes”. A tendency to the macabre and bizarre which appears like William Faulkner, Truman Capote, and Flannery OConnor has been called Southern Gothic.2. Emily Bronte and Gothic NovelMentioning Emily Bronte (1818-1848), a, famous British novelist, no one can ignore her masterpiece- Wuthering He
18、ights overflowing with enthusiasm and extremely frightening. What, however, contributes to the authors success of the work? There are two main reasons.One is the environmental impact on the authors growth. Emily Bronte was born in a pastors family, her mother died when she was three years old. Becau
19、se of lack of mothers love and her fathers indifference, in the desolate Yorkshire, she lived a lonely life, which made her born silence and unsociable-ness. And her character was full of contradictions, naturally stubborn ans willful, and gloomy, indignant and intolerant. She, however, had a strong
20、 and creative brain filled with eccentric but depressed mighty. Emily was endowed with the unique imagination which a novelist must have. And both her character and her mind were with Gothic color.Another is the impact of the authors contemporary academic schools. Emily Bronte had an unhappy childho
21、od during which time she had senses of inferiority, timidness, introversion, and precocity. Thus, books became her best friends. She read not only all kinds of classic literature, but also the magazines of Braidwood and Fraser. And stories in those magazines were full of fantastic, nervous, horrible
22、 and moving plot. “She grows with the accompaniment of Mary.Shelly and Hoffman” (Gerin 1971: 215). We can see clearly in Wuthering Heights that Emily was strongly influenced by Gothic tradition.3. Gothic Depiction Which Plays a Key Role in Wuthering Heights The permanent charm of literature usually
23、is the most unique and the most inconceivable works and that those can make people feel greatly mysterious, instead of those of the most extensive living space and the most profound scale. Because of Gothic depiction, Wuthering Heights is what a Gothic novel can be. And the peculiar effect caused by
24、 the depiction is clearly reflected in the authors writing.3.1 Gothic Application to the Description of EnvironmentThe story takes place in a hellish environment. In Wuthering Heights, Bronte has used Thrushcross Grange and Wuthering Heights to depict isolation and separation. The dark and forebodin
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