【绝密】职称英语考试 理工类A级 阅读理解押题 第四十六篇 附带解题技巧.doc
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1、第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as Ecosystem Engineers理工(A级)蚂蚁作为“生态系统工程师”对环境影响巨大Research by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as ecosystem engineers and predators. The study, published in the Journal o
2、f Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.埃克斯特大学所做的研究表明,蚂蚁作为“生态系统工程师”和食肉动物的行为对当地的环境影响巨大。该研究发表在动物生态杂志上,它表明蚂蚁对当地的环境有两大显著的影响。Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building2 activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil. Thi
3、s can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.第一,通过筑巢而挪动土壤或采集食物,蚂蚁影响土壤的营养水平。这可间接影响当地从腐生物到食物链高层的许多动物种群的数量。Secondly, they prey on a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers
4、of ant workers.第二,它们捕食的动物种类很多,包括那些被大量工蚁攻击的大猎物。Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the universitys Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said: Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. Theyre also very territorial3 and very aggressive, defending their resources and territor
5、y against other predators. All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.Dirk Sanders是该大学生态和保护中心所做的此项研究的作者,他说:“蚂蚁是高效的食肉动物,而且能大量繁殖。它们具有很强的领地意识,并且会竭尽全力对抗其他的食肉动物来保卫自己的领地。所有这些都意味着蚂蚁对周围环境影响巨大。”In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtle
6、ties of it. What we found is that despite being predators, their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups4. They genuinely play a key role in the local environment, having a big influence on the grassland food web, Sanders said.“在该研究中,我们第一次对蚂蚁带来的影响程度及微妙程度
7、进行研究。所得到的发现是:尽管是食肉动物,蚂蚁的出现能促使其他动物族群在数量和品种上的增长。并对当地的环境起到切实重要的作用,对大草原的食物链影响巨大。”Sanders说。The study, carried out in Germany, studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants, both species which can be found across Europe, including in th
8、e UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area, particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect, showing that predation掠食活动 is counteracting 掠食活动the positive 积极
9、influence影响.该研究在德国进行,它对花园黑蚂蚁和一般的红蚂蚁在不同混合程度和不同密度下的影响力进行研究。黑蚂蚁和红蚂蚁在整个欧洲包括英国都能找到。研究发现,一个地区的蚂蚁密度小,而其他动物尤其是食草动物和腐生物的数量和种类会增多。如果蚂蚁的密度大,就不可能产生同样的影响,或者产生相反的影响,这表明,蚂蚁的掠食活动会掠食活动蚂蚁给环境带来的积极影响。Dirk Frank an auther author on the study, said: What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a po
10、sitive effect on animal groups at low levels, but as the number of ants increases, their predatory impacts have the bigger effect thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering.Dr Frank是本研究的另一作者,他说:“我们的发现是:如果蚂蚁的数量少,其对土壤的营养水平的影响会对动物族群产生积极的效果。如果蚂蚁的数量增加,其捕食的影响会达到最大化,因此会抵消蚂蚁通过生态工
11、程给环境带来的积极影响。”Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass5 but also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity6 is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its
12、richness. However, it is not clear how such disturbance干扰 damages破坏 the maintenance of ant services维护作用 to the ecosystem7. Ants are important in below ground processes8 through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil
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