2003历考研英语真题阅读理解word打印版.doc
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1、2003l ReadingText 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game “of
2、 espionage spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well. The last revolution isnt simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemens e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going o
3、n for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open source intelligence, ” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the
4、 most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world. Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based
5、 in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at . Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as
6、 a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymasters dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine.” As soon as that report runs, well suddenly get 500 new internet sign-up
7、s from Ukraine, ” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And well hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. Thats where Straitford earns its keep. Friedman relies on a lean staff in Aus
8、tin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firms outsider status as the key to its success. Straitfords briefs dont sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford
9、, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice. 41. The emergence of the Net has _.A. received support from fans like Donovan. B. remolded the intelligence services. C. restored many common pastimes. D. revived spying as a profession. 42. Donovans story is mentioned in the text to _.A. introd
10、uce the topic of online spying. B. show how he fought for the U.S. C. give an episode of the information war. D. honor his unique services to the CIA. 43. The phrase “making the biggest splash” (line 1, paragraph 3) most probably means _A. causing the biggest trouble. B. exerting the greatest effort
11、. C. achieving the greatest success. D. enjoying the widest popularity. 44. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that _.A. Straitfords prediction about Ukraine has proved true. B. Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information. C. Straitfords business is characterized by unpredictability. D
12、. Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information. 45. Straitford is most proud of its _.A. official status. B. nonconformist image. C. efficient staff. D. military background. Text 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause
13、 is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening ad
14、vances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone wo
15、uld deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that
16、they do, she replied, ” Then I would have to say yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Dont worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just dont understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, un
17、derstandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip replacement, a fathers bypass operation a babys vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed
18、 to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal righ
19、ts misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its ca
20、use not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medica
21、l progress. 46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words to _.A. call on scientists to take some actions. B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights. C. warn of the doom of biomedical research. D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement. 47. Misled people tend to think th
22、at using an animal in research is _.A. cruel but natural. B. inhuman and unacceptable. C. inevitable but vicious. D. pointless and wasteful. 48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the publics _.A. discontent with animal research. B. ignorance about medical science. C. indifferenc
23、e to epidemics. D. anxiety about animal rights. 49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should _.A. communicate more with the public. B. employ hi-tech means in research. C. feel no shame for their cause. D. strive to develop new cures. 50. Fro
24、m the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is _A. a well-known humanist. B. a medical practitioner. C. an enthusiast in animal rights. D. a supporter of animal research. Text 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about m
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