高中英语语法复习：名词性从句.ppt

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1、Noun Clauses(名词性从句）Wolongsi Middle School Chang Guoqing,高中英语语法复习,重点掌握：名词性从句的定义、连接词、语序及主从句的时态。2.使用各种名词性从句时的注意点。,在复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词，根据它在句中不同的语法功能，可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,定义,请你找出以下名词性从句并说出它们的成分：1)Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.2)The fact is that I earned

2、my passage by working as an unpaid hand.3)I didnt know whether I could survive until morning.4)The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.,_,_ _,表语,_,宾语,同位语,_,主语从句,从句,从句,从句,【注意点1】Who he is is none of my business.【剖析1】任何名词性从句要用_ 语序，即主谓语序。【注意点2】What he said at the meeting made

3、me sad.That he likes English is known to us all.【剖析2】主句时态为过去时，从句时态为过去的某一时 态；主句时态为现在时或将来时，从句时态视 具体情况而定。,陈述句,连接词:that、if,whether、as if/though、because等,作状语,2.连接代词:who、whom、whose、what、which、whatever、whichever、whoever,3.连接副词：when、where、why、how,不作成分,作主/宾/表/定,名词性从句的常用连接词,好像、似乎,因为,无意义,是否,不可省略的连接词：1.介词后的连词。2

4、.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词。,【主语从句】一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语，即句子充当主语，该句子称为主语从句。根据句意选词填空(that,if,whether,why,when,what)(1)_he will succeed is certain.(2)_ he will go there is not known.(3)_he said is not true.(4)_ the meeting will be held has not been decided yet.,That,Whether,What,When,【结论】that从句，从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，没有具体意义，不充

5、当句 子成分，只起标志性作用，但that 不能省略。,【结论】whether 从句，从句来源于一般疑问句，whether不能省略，意为“是否”，不能用if替换。,【结论】特殊疑问词从句，从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，意思为特殊疑问词本来的意思，在从句中充当句子成分。,【注意点1】That 2010 Asian Games are successful is known to all.【剖析1】主语从句做主语相当于第三人称单数作主语，谓语动词用_，如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。,单数,Whenth

6、ey will start _(have)not been decided yet.2.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygo_(have)notbeendecidedyet.3.When and where the meeting will begin _(have)not been decided yet.,has,has,have,【注意点2】It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.【剖析2】1主语从句通常由_充当

7、形式主语，而本身放在句子末尾。,it,2.用it 作形式主语的常用结构 It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that事实是 It is an honor that非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that是常识It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that很自然 It is strange that奇怪的是It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that似乎 It happened that碰巧 It appears that似乎It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that据报道 It has been proved

8、that已证实;It is said that据说,【注意点3】It is said that Chairman Hu will visit our school next week.()That Chairman Hu will visit our school next week is said.()【剖析3】主语从句不可位于句首的几种情况：,1.It is said/reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。2.It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。3.It doesnt matter how/whether结构中的主语从句 不可提前。4.含主语从句的复合句是疑问句

9、时，主语从句不可提前。,二、宾语从句 在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句是宾语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)、介词或形容词之后。【完成例句】根据句意选词填空(that,if,whether,where,what，who)1.I heard_ he joined the army.2.She did not know_ had happened.3.I wonder _you can change this note for me.4.Im very glad_ he has passed the exam.5.-Could you tell me_he lives?-Shanghai.,th

10、at,what,whether/if,that,where,【结论】由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略)，that在从句中不充当任何成分。由what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。whether(if)引导的宾语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否”。,【注意点1】We heard it that she would get married next month.,【剖析1】it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾 语，而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾(特别是 在带复合宾语的句子中)，that_省略。,不能,【注意点2】我认为这件衣

11、服不适合你穿。I _(dont think/think)this dress_(doesnt fit/fits)you well.【剖析2】否定的转移：若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若 含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到_上，从句 谓语用_式。【注意点3】The teacher told us that the earth _(go)round the sun.【剖析3】若宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时，即使主句是过 去时态，从句也用_。,主句谓语,肯定,goes,一般现在时

12、,dont think,fits,三、表语从句 在复合句中作表语的名词性从句为表语从句，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。根据句意填空:The question is _ we can make good preparations in such a short time.2.This is _we cant get the support of the people.3.But the fact remains_ we are behind the other classes.4.The reason why he is late for school is _ he missed the

13、 early bus.,whether,why,that,that,【结论】完整陈述句充当表语时用that引导，且不可省略；表“是否”含义时用whether；语义不完整时根据情况选用对应的特殊疑问词，如 what，when，where，why等；特殊句型：the reason is that,That is because(指原因或理由）、That is why（指由于各种原因 所造成的后果）等结构。,He was busy yesterday.Thats _he didnt turn up the party.2.He didnt turn up the party yesterday.Th

14、ats_ he was busy.,why,because,四、同位语从句 在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句为同位语从句。根据句意填空 1.The kings decision _ the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2.The order _ all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.,that,that,【结论】同位语从句对名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具 体内容，一般由that引导，可以接同位语从句的 名词主要有:fact,inform

15、ation,problem,decision,suggestion,proposal,order等。,【注意点1】同位语在句子中的位置 He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.【剖析1】同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。,【注意点2】同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1.The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。2.The news that Tom would go ab

16、road is told by him.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。,定语从句,同位语从句,【剖析2】(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时可以在从句中 作某个成分(主语或宾语)，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起 连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限 定，描述名词的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是 对名词的具体内容进行补充说明。(3)有些引导词如how,whether,what可以引导同位语从句，但不能 引导定语从句。,考点1：连接词：that 与 what 的区别,What he said makes me

17、 happy.That a new teacher will come is true.,what 含义上相当于汉语的“所”字结构或“的”字结 构，既起连接作用,又在从句中作 主语,宾语,表语(且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语）that 只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任 何成分,且在宾语从句中有时可省略。,名词性从句中引导词that是否省略的情况如下：1that引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句时，不可以省略；2.that引导单个宾语从句时，可以省略；3.that引导两个或两个以上宾语从句时，第一个that 可以省略,但后面的宾语从句引导词that不可省略;4.that虽然引导单个宾

18、语从句，但从句前面有插 入语时，引导词that不能省略。5.it 做形式宾语的宾语从句中，引导词that不能省略.,Fill in the blanks using that/what,1)._ he wants is a book.,2).China is no longer _ it used to be.,what,What,3)._ he said so made us angry.,That,4).A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.,what,5).I dont think it nece

19、ssary _you should read English loudly.,that,考点2:what(什么)/which(表选择,哪一个),1.-Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is?-He may live at No.18 or No.19 of Bridge Street.Im not sure of _.2.I read about it in some book or other,does it matter _ it was?,what,which,which,考点3:区别if 与whether,1.I dont know _ Ill be fr

20、ee tomorrow.2.I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3.The question is _ this book is worth writing.4.It depends on _ we will have enough money.5._ they can do it matters little to us.6._ you are not free tomorrow,Ill go without you.,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether,If,在名词性从句中whether 和i

21、f 含义均为“是否”，但用法有区别，主要区别如下：1主语从句只能用whether引导；2表语从句只能用whether引导；3同位语从句只能用whether引导；4位于句首引导主语从句只能用whether；5作介词的宾语只能用whether引导；6和or not/or连在一起时只能用whether引导；7.一般情况下，宾语从句既可用whether也可用if引 导；,1.It is very hard for Mary to work there,for _she does cant satisfy her boss.A.no matter what B.whatever C.which D.wh

22、ichever,2.The book can be of help to_wants to do the job.A.Who B.whomever C.no matter who D.whoever,考点4：whatever,whoever,however等考点,He gave me a suggestion that I _(be)calm now.2.It is ordered that the work _(do)at once.3.We suggested that the meeting _(put off).4.It is necessary that you _(clean)th

23、e room after work.5.It is high time that you _(go)to school.,考点5：名词性从句中的虚拟语气,【结论】表示坚持，建议，命令，要求的从句。结构为(should)+do,2.It is important/necessary/natural/strange that.+(should)do3.It is time that.should do did(该结构中的should一般不省略),(should)be,(should)be done,(should)be put off,(should)clean,should go/went,1.

24、_+V谓语2.V/prep./adj.+_3.V系+_4.n.+_（解释说明）5.Skills of noun clauses:,Summary,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,分析句子成分-确定从句类型-选择合适关联词 Practice makes perfect.,A letter to teachers,Exercise Fill in the blanks with a proper word.,Dear teachers，_makes us depressed is _ we will graduate from Huazhou No.1 middle school.The

25、 reason why we are so sad is _ we will say goodbye to our lovely teachers and classmates.The days we spent together are full of joys and tears._ you are always so strict with us made me hate you.However,you are also ready to give your hand to_turns to you for help.,what,that,that,That,whoever,Now we understand _you have tried to do for us._ you do and say is of great help to us.We dont care about _we can survive the struggleNational Entrance Exam or not._ we cherish is _we have enjoyed the process.Thanks for your teaching!Best wishes!Yours，Polo,what,What,whether,What,that,Thank you!,