Unit 9When was it invented需要参考的.doc

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1、九年级英语 Unit91. 被动语态 (1). 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。 (2). 被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词(如果是不用物动词，其过去分词应带有相应的介词) (3). 被动语态中的be 是助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。 一般现在时被动语态为：am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时被动语态为：was/were+ 过去分词 与情态动词连用的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 过去分词 (4). 被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语，放在句末，by 表示“由，被”的意思如何理解被动语态？ 为取胜更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义，可以将主动语态

2、和被动语态的句子结构进行比较。 主动语态： 主语+ 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 其他成分 被动语态： 主语+ be +过去分词 + by +宾语 +其他成分 如： Many people speak English.被动语态 English is spoken by many people.2. 本单元要掌握的句型 见课本P69 中的Grammar Focus 3. invent v. 发明 inventor n. 发明家 invention n. 发明 可数名词4. be used for doing用来做(是被动语态) 如： Pens are used for writing. 笔是用来写的。

3、 Pens arent used for eating. 笔不是用来吃的。5. 给某人某样东西give sth. to sb. 如：I gave a pen to him. 我给他一支笔。 give sb. sth. I gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔。6. all day 整天7. salty adj. 咸的 salt n. 盐8. by mistake 错误地 如： I took the umbrella by mistake. 我不小心拿错了雨伞。9. make sb./sth. +形容词 使怎么样 It made me happy. 它使我高兴 make sb./sth.

4、 +名词 让做 It made me laugh. 它让我发笑10. by accident 意外 偶然 I met her by accident at bus stop. 我在公共汽车站意外地见到了她。11. notuntil 直到才做 如：I didnt go to bed until I finished my work. 我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉。12. according to +名词 根据 如： according to an legendaccording to this article根据这篇文章 根据一个神话13. over an open fire 野饮 14. lea

5、f n. 叶子 复数形式 leaves15. nearby adj. 附近的 如： the nearby river16. fall into 落入 掉进 如：The leaf fell into the river. 叶子落入了河里。fall down 摔倒 如：She fell down from her bike. 她从她自行车摔倒了。17. quite 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的后面 如： quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩 very 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的前面 如： a very beautiful gir

6、l 一个漂亮女孩 注：当不与冠词a 连用时，两者可以互用 如： I am very happy.= I am quite happy. 我非常高兴。18. in the way 这样 19. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快 pleasant adj. 愉快 高兴 指天气、时间、旅行令人高兴愉快 please v. 使高兴 使同意20. batteryoperated adj. 电池控制的是名词+动词的运动分词构成的合成形容词21. in the sixth century 在第6世纪 22. travel around 周游23. more than = ov

7、er 超过 如： more than 300 = over 300 超过30024. including prep. 介词 包括 可以与名词和动名词连用 如: Six people, including a baby, were hurt. 6个人包括一个小孩受伤了。25. have been played 被上演 是现在完成时的被动语态 现在完成时的被动语态的结构：have /has been +过去分词26. be born 出生 He was born in Canada. 他在加拿大出生27. safety n. 安全 safe adj. 安全的28. knock into 撞上(某人

8、)29. divide sth. into 将划分成.通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的部分 如：Lets divide ourselves into 4groups. 让我们把我们自己划成4组。30. since then 自从那以后 常与完成时 态连用 如： Since then, I have left Beijing. 自从那以后，我已经离开了北京。Unit 9 When was it invented?学习目标：1学会使用含有被动语态的不同句型结构“When/ Where was it invented?” 和“What are they used for?- They are us

9、ed for doing sth.”来谈论各种发明物的历史。 2学习理解被动语态的含义。能够就不同的发明物与他人交流看法，发表自己的见解，并陈述理由。3了解到更多在世界上有重大意义的发明，并向那些伟大的发明家学习。一、日常用语1. - When was the car invented？ -It was invented in 1985. 2. -When were electric slippers invented？ -They were invented last year. 3. -Who were they invented by？ -They were invented by Ju

10、lie Thompson. 4. -What are they used for？ -Theyre used for seeing in the dark. 二、重点短语1. be used for 被用来做 What is the book used for? 书是用来做什么的？ The book is used for reading. 书是用来读的 The plane is used for traveling. 飞机是用来旅行的2. be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事3. according to 根据，按照 4. in this way 这样 5. give s

11、b. some time to do sths 给某人一些时间做某事. The teacher gives the student two hours to do homework. 老师给同学们两个小时做作业。 6. help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事 Ill help you leave the island. 我将帮助你离开岛屿。 7. by accident 偶然的 by mistake 错误的 8. fall into 落入，陷入 9. in the end= at last=finally 最后 10. make sb. adj. 使某人 make me happy

12、使我开心11. sb. callednamed 被叫作，被称作 a chef called Black. 一个叫布莱克的厨师 a doctor named Amy 一个叫艾米的医生 12. sprinkle a lot of salt on chips 在薯片上洒大量的盐13. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 I decide to taste the hot tea 我决定品尝热茶。14. notuntil 直到才You cant leave until I arrive. 直到我到了你才能走。I cant watch TV until I finish my home wo

13、rk. 直到我完成作业，我才能看电视。15. be discovered in 年代 be discovered in 地方 The tea was discovered in China in 1610. 茶是在1610年在中国被发现的。16. over three thousand years 三千年以上17. produce a pleasant smell 产生一股令人愉快的气味18. over an open fire. 在明火上19. in sixth century 在第六世纪 in nineteenth century. 在十九世纪三、知识点讲解1.I think the te

14、lephone was invented before the car.我认为电话在汽车之前发明的。(1) I think 后接的一个分句做I think 的宾语,这个分句称叫做宾语从句。(2)was invented 是被动语态.(3)invent 做动词,意为 “发明,创造”,其名词有两种形式:一种为inventor “发明者”;一种为 invention “发明,创造”例如:Edison was a great inventor, he invented more than 1,000 inventions in his life.2.Its used for scooping real

15、ly cold ice cream.它是用来舀十分冰冷的冰淇淋的.句型be used for 意为 “被用来做”,介词for表示用途,后接名词或动名词。 如:(1) sweater is used for keeping warm.毛衣是用来保暖的。(2) The knife is used for cutting.小刀是用来切削东西的。3.The custom said they werent salty enough.这个顾客说菜不够咸。(1)said 后是宾语从句,省略了that.当宾语从句主句用一般过去时, 从句也要用过去的某种时态。如: He asked me whom I was

16、waiting for. 他问我在等谁. (2)enough修饰形容词或副词时应后置. 如: The little child was not old enough to go to school.这个小孩太小了,不能去上学. 但enough 修饰名词时,可以放在名词之前,也可以放在名词之后。如:I have enough money to buy it.( I have money enough to buy it.)4.The potato chips were invented by mistake.由于错误,薯片被发明了。Mistake 做名词,意为 “弄错,误解”如:You have

17、 made a foolish mistake. 你犯了一个愚蠢的错误。Mistake 作动词,意为 “弄错,误解”如:She didnt speak very clearly so I mistook what she said.她讲的不清楚,所以我误解了她的话。By mistake 意为 “错误地,弄错地”.I took his backpack by mistake. 我错拿了他的书包。He put salt in her cup of tea by mistake. 他错把盐放进她的茶里。5.Although tea wasnt brought to the western world

18、 until 1610, this beverage was discovered over three thousand years before that.虽然,茶直到1610年才传入西方世界,但是这种饮料在三千多年前就被发现了.(1)although 作连词,意为 “虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句,我们不能根据汉语习惯.在后面使用连词but,不过它可以与yet, still连用;若主从句的主语相同,且从句谓语含有动词be,可将从句主语和动词be省略.如:Although (it was) snowing, it was not very cold.虽然在下雪,但是天气不是很冷.There

19、 is air around us, although we cant see it.尽管我们看不见,但是我们周围全是空气. Although (he is) quite young, he knows a lot.虽然他很年轻,但是他很懂事.(3) notuntil 意为 “直到才”until 引导一个时间状语从句.如He didnt go to bed until his father came home.直到他爸爸回家时他才睡觉.6. According to an ancient Chinese legend, the emperor Shen Nong discovered tea

20、when he was boiling drinking water over an open air.根据中国古代的一个传说, 神农帝在户外的火上烧饮用水时发现了茶叶.(1) According to 是个短语介词,意为 “根据;依照”后接代词,名词或由疑问词以及whether引出的名词性从句.如:According to the radio, it will rain tomorrow.根据收音机说,明天有雨.According to what you said just now, he was right then. 根据你刚才说的,那么他就对了.(2) 介词over 在此意为 “在正上

21、方”而介词above指 “在的上方”;介词on指 “在的上面”7. Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for some time.一些叶子从附近的灌木丛落到水里.并在水里浸泡了一段时间.(1) leaf的复数形式为leaves(2) remain 表示 “继续留在某处”如How long will you remain here? 你要在此地停留多久?(3) fall into “落入,陷入”如:He was drunk and fell into the water.他酒醉跌落水中.三、

22、语法知识1. 被动语态谓语动词的语态表示句子的主语和谓语动作之间的关系： 1）当句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者时，主、谓之间的关系称为主动语态； 2）当句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者时，主、谓之间的关系称为被动语态。 例如： I teach English.（主动语态）我教英语。 Our English is taught by him.（被动语态）我们的英语是由他教的。 He speaks English.（主动语态）他说英文。 English is spoken in many countries all over the world.（被动语态）世界许多国家都讲英语。 在被动语态的句子中，谓

23、语部分的结构是be + p.p.（过去分词）。被动语态的句子有时态的变化，这个变化反映在be动词上。也就是说，把一个句子做成被动语态的句子，只需要写出BE动词的所需时态，再加上所给动词的过去分词就行了。当然，这只是指谓语部分而言。我们知道，be动词作为一个独立的谓语动词有自己现在分词（being）和过去分词 （been）。那么，下面我们来看看be在各种时态中的变化形式：一般现在时 am / is / are 一般过去时 was / were 一般将来时 shall / will + be 过去将来时 would / should + be 现在进行时 am / is / are + being

24、 过去进行时 was / were + being 现在完成时 have / has + been 过去完成时 had + been 说明：1）以上的八个时态可用于被动式，其它没有列举的时态都不宜用于被动语态的句子中。2）另外，表中被斜线隔开的词表示，供根据具体情况作选择。弄清楚了be在各种时态中的变化形式以后，我们就能很轻松地写出被动语态的各种时态了。 我们可看看下面的实例： English is spoken in many countries all over the world .（一般现在时） 世界上许多国家都讲英文。 Some TV sets for sale in the dep

25、artment store were stolen last night. （一般过去时） 那家商场用来出售的部分电视机昨晚被盗。 He wont be allowed, by his father, to marry Mary. （一般将来时） 他父亲不会让他娶玛丽为妻的。 They would be sent to the army when they finished the training. （过去将来时） 他们结束训练时将被派往部队。 The project is being carried out.（现在进行时） 这个计划正在执行中。 The case was being inv

26、estigated then.（过去进行时） 那时这案子正在调查中。 This novel has been translated into several languages. （现在完成时）这本小说已被译成了几种语言。 They said that production costs had been reduced. （过去完成时）他们说生产成本已经下降了。Unit9词组（新目标）1.用来作be used for /doing =be used to do2.错误地by mistake 把误认为mistake for 犯错误make a mistake/make mistakes3.偶然,

27、意外by accident4.落入,陷入 fall into 从掉下来fall off 被扳倒,向前摔倒fall over 滑倒fall down5.这样in this way 6.飞碟flying disk7.撞上(某人)knock into 敲knock on /at SectionA1.的样式the style of 2.有用的/恼人的发 明helpful/annoying inventions3.最有用的the most helpful 4.给作手术operate on sb 电动拖鞋battery-operated slippers5.可调后跟的鞋shoes with adjusta

28、ble heelsSection B 2.把撒在上sprinkleon 用来喷洒sprinklewith3.仅次于水after water4.一个古老的中国传说an ancient Chinese legend5.饮用水drinking water6.在户外的火上煮boil over an open fire7.一个令人愉快的味道a pleasant smell8.决定(不)作decide (not) to do 9.乱抛throw about 扔掉,浪费throw away 把扔给throwto10.在二十世纪五十年代in the 1950sReading 1.环游travel around

29、 2.注意某人/某物作了notice sb /sth+do / 注意某人/某物正在作notice sb/sth +doing 注意到notice that (句子)3.深受喜爱的much-loved4.一百年多一点儿a little more than /over a hundred years old 5.一个叫的医生a doctor called /named7.在漫长的冬季during the long winters8.在坚硬的木质地板上on a hard wooden floor9.把分成divide into 10.挂在铁环上的一个网a net hanging from a met

30、al hoop11.的目标the aim of 12.把引进里guide into 13.向场地的一端移动move towards/to one end of the court14.人们认为It is believed that (句子)15.在历史上in history 16.用经验作use the experience to do 17.自从那时起since then18.的数目、数字the number of 复数名词单数谓语 许多的，大量的a number of 可数名词复数谓语 a number of 不可数名词单数谓语19.供人们观看的更流行的运动a more popular s

31、port for people to watch 20.梦想，想到dream of /about （sth.) dream that (句子）21.队员team player22.在户外玩在室内玩play outdoors/indoors23.向射击shoot at 射中，射死shoot 24.在的尽头at the end of 地点 到为止by the end of 时间 (过去的一个时间点，如last year)最后，终于in the end =at last年级Unit 9 When was it invented? 验收练习题Section A一、选择题1. A stamp is us

32、ed for _ a letter. A. send B. sends C. sending D. sent2. I think the telephone was invented _ the car. -I think so. The telephone was invented _ 1876. A. before, on B. before, in C. after, on D. after, in3. Chinese is used _ the first language in China. A. for B. as C. by D. to4. I think the short s

33、tories _ by Dickens are very popular _ the children. A. are written, for B. are written, among C. written, among D. written, between5. Its said that the workers will build a bridge over the river and the bridge is _ stones. A. made of B. made from C. made up of D. made into6. In the old days, they _

34、 in the factory from morning to evening. A. were made to work B. asked to work C. made to work D. were asked for work7. He is _ to lift the bag full of rice onto the truck. A. enough strong B. too strong C. so strong D. strong enough8. Did you notice him _ the house? A. leave B. leaves C. left D. to

35、 leave9. The village is building a school, I hope it _ before August this year. A. finishes B. will finish C. is finished D. will be finished10. Will the 29th Olympic Games start_ 2008 ? -Yes, _August 8, 2008. A. on, in B. at, on C. in, on D. at, in11. -_ that China has the largest number of mobile

36、phone users. -I believe so. It seems everyone has one.A. Someone said B. They told me C. It is said D. I was told二、句型转换1. When did they build the school? When _ the school _ ?2. How do you make a cake? How _ a cake _ ?3. I fill the basket with flowers. The basket _ _ _ flowers.4. I borrowed the book

37、 three days ago. I _ _ the book _ three days.5. The teacher gave me a book. I _ _ a book by the teacher.6. We heard her sing Peking Opera in the theatre. She _ _ _ sing Peking Opera in the theatre.三、汉译英1. Keys _ ( 是用来开 ) the locks. ( use )2. _ ( 你认为谁是) the best in our class? ( think )3. _ your mobil

38、e phone _ （产于）China? ( make ) Section B一、选择题1. I want to the city, but my parents _ at home. A. got B. remained C. staying D. remaining2. The bad news made everyone in the family _. A. worriedly B. felt worried C. feel worry D. worried3. The number of the league members in our school _ more than 300

39、 so far. A. have been B. is C. has been D. are4. Its said that the sports meeting will be held _ next month. A. some time B. sometimes C. sometime D. some times5. I almost _ the old man standing there when I saw him A. knocked on B. knocked around C. knocked into D. knocked off6. The dinner didnt st

40、art _ all the friends arrived. A. since B. until C. while D. by7. Im sorry, I took your pen _. Thats all right. A. by mistake B. mistake C. by chance D. by heart8. _everyone _ to take part in tomorrows evening party? A. Does, ask B. Is, ask C. Is, asked D. Has, asked9. You _ on the phone. A. want B.

41、 are wanting C. wanted D. are wanted10. He was seen _ into the room. A. to come B. come C. came D. comes11. The girl is _ by her sister. A. taken good care B. taken good care of C. taken care D. taken good12. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _ in many schools around the world. A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught 13. People find it hard to get across the river. I think at least two bridges _ over it A. need B. are needing C. will need D. are needed二、汉译英1. She _ （拿错了我的书包）. ( t