On the translations of English and Chinese Idioms英语专业毕业论文.doc

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1、一、 课题(论文)提纲On the translations of English and Chinese Idioms1.引言2.英汉习语翻译过程中产生的文化差异 2.1生存环境的差异2.2 社会历史背景的差异2.3 风俗习惯的差异2.4 宗教信仰的差异3.习语的翻译技巧 3.1 直译法 3.2 意译法 3.3 借译法 3.4 增译法4.结语二、内容摘要习语是语言中一个重要的组成部分，它承载着大量的信息和文化底蕴，具有鲜明的民族特色。它既是语言中的重要修辞手段，其本身也是各种修辞手法的集中体现，翻译时应尽量保持这些特点，翻译时要忠实地表达原文习语的形象比喻、丰富联想、修辞效果以及其民族、地方

2、特色。本文论述了英汉习语的文化差异，并以实例说明了英汉习语翻译的几种翻译技巧：直译法、意译法、借译法、增译法等。三、 参考文献1王钊.英汉习语的文化差异及其翻译策略J.北京航空航天大学北海学院 广西北海 2008.112李跃宇.浅谈英汉习语的翻译J黑龙江鸡西大学 黑龙江鸡西 2008 NO.073罗利芳，徐晓靓英汉习语与翻译J武汉生物工程学院 外语系 湖北武汉 2008 第5期4郭建辉.英汉习语的翻译策略J. 四川外语学院 外国语文研究中心 重庆 2007.12 第6卷 第4期5王秋端.英汉习语翻译技巧的应用J. 厦门大学外文学院 福建厦门 2008.3 Vol.5 No.16许美珍.试论英汉

3、习语的文化差异及翻译J. 哲学社会科学专辑M 2007.127张昕.谈习语的翻译技巧J 乌鲁木齐边防检查站 新疆 乌鲁木齐 2008.11 第24卷 第11期8颜志辉.英汉习语的文化差异及翻译J 金华职业技术学院 浙江 金华 2008.59闻洪玉.中英文习语的文化差异和翻译方法J 哈工大华德应用技术学院 外语系 哈尔滨 2008 NO.3210李继文.英语系与翻译研究J 福州职业技师学院 外语系 福建 福州 2008.3 Vol.25 No.2On the translation of English and Chinese Idioms Abstract: Idioms is an impo

4、rtant part of the languages. It carries a lot of information and cultural heritage, with distinctive ethnic characteristics. Idiom is an important figure of speech language, which itself is a concentrated body of a variety of rhetorical devices. On translation, we should be possible to maintain thes

5、e characteristics and faithfully express the visual trope, plenty of notions, the effect of the trope and its nations feature of the original idioms. This paper discusses the differences of culture between Chinese and English Idioms, and it takes lots of exemplifies to describe the Skills of Idioms

6、Translation: Direct Translation, Comprehension Translation, Altered Translation, Additional Translation and so on.Key words: English and Chinese idioms; the differences of culture; translation skills1. Introduction Language is the carrier of culture, and the idioms are the essence of language. The c

7、reation and existence of Idioms is subject to its unique cultural background, and it also reflects its unique folk custom and cultural information in some way. So idiom has a specific cultural connotations itself .Idioms included: phrase, proverbs, slang, sayings, locution such as fixed phrases or s

8、tereotyped statements. While the English and the Chinese is one of the worlds most richest and developed languages, they have a large number of idioms. So in the process of Idioms translation, in order to achieve the best translation results, we should be in accordance with its cultural backgrounds

9、and use the appropriate translation skills.2. The differences of cultural arising from English and Chinese Idioms translation Culture is a whole of complex which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, law, ethics, customs and any other capabilities and habits that people as members of society gained. As

10、the carrier of culture, language reflected the nations feature of cultural in many ways. Idioms feature of cultural has indivisibility contact with its rich and varied origin. In terms of the English idioms, the differences of cultural were mainly exhibited in the following areas:2.1 The differences

11、 in living environmentEvery nation was survival and propagation in a certain natural environment. Thus the production of the idioms of different nationalities was closely contracted with the nations natural environment, mountains and rivers. Due to the difference of living environment, the British a

12、nd the Chinese peoples state of mind, as well as ways of thinking are different, so it adding a forceful colors for the idioms. Britain is an island surrounded by the sea, the maritime industry was developed, the history of the maritime industry was once a world leader. As a result, there are many p

13、hrases and proverbs about the sea, fish and water. For example: (1) All rivers run into sea.(2) A great ship asks deep waters.(3) In the deepest water is the best fishing depth of good fishing. (4) Fish in troubled water.(5) Water under the bridge. But China is a traditional land-locked country, tho

14、usands of years, generation after generation, mainly lived by agriculture. Therefore, there has a lot of information in Chinese idiom of agricultural farming. For example:(1) If man is diligent, soil is not idle. (2) As a man sow, so he shall reap.(3) One bee makes no honey; one grain makes no rice

15、soup.These were just a little of them.In different cultures, the same objective things were include different values, give rise to different associations, and with different connotations. For example, east wind and west wind, two kinds of culture has a corresponding English words, translation should

16、 pay attention to differences in meaning. In the hearts of the Chinese people, DongFeng means spring, a symbol of spring and warm, it is blown green land of China and reviving everything. The United Kingdom is located in the north temperate zone of the Western Hemisphere, belongs to the maritime cli

17、mate, the report message is westerly in spring, rather than wind. While the Britishs east wind is swept along from the northern part of the European continent, the symbol of the cold and unpleasant, so the British hated Dongfeng. From the above different idioms, it can be seen the English and the ge

18、ographical environment and the survival of the two states.2.2 The differences in social and historical background Chinese culture was extensively and profound. The origin of western culture was Greek, Roman mythology and the Bible. English and Chinese culture has a large number of idioms which from

19、the historic allusions. These allusions have a deep color and distinctive national culture of personality, we can not merely to understand and translation it by the literal meaning. Only by grasping its rich history and culture and use the appropriate translation method can aptly convey the authors

20、intent. In the idiom of Three Stooges arrive at one, Chukeh Liang was well-known in China, but Westerners do not necessarily know him. Using the literal Translation and translation by the method of combining, translated it into the Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Chukeh Liang the maste

21、r mind . Most of the English literary allusions were come from the Bible, such as a Pandoras box (Pandoras box means disaster, the root of the scourge, etc.), Many took to gambling and got in over their heads borrowing from Shylocks to pay their debts,Shylock as an allusion here refers to debt-ridde

22、n gambler, can not fail to interest loan repayment, while Shylock is not a specific man, it means the usurers who preoccupied with anything.2.3 The differences in custom The culture of custom is multi-faceted. It indicated that through daily life, social life and communication, produced by the natio

23、ns customs. The diet of Chinese people based on rice, so we have idioms can not make bricks without straw. The Westerners eat bread, and therefore they have idioms “to take the bread out of ones mouth”, “to eat the bread of idleness”, etc. In the five thousand years of history and civilization of th

24、e Chinese nation, the Dragon symbols of luck, noble, dignity and strength. Therefore, there are many idioms in Chinese related to dragon, such as Royma spirit, true sons of the dragon, Succeed and so on. In Western culture, the dragon is a monster. Is the representative of evil things. They usually

25、called a woman of violent dragon. Such as She is a real dragon, youd better keep her away. 2.4 The differences in religions Religion is a phenomenon of culture. The carrier of culture is language, idioms is the essence of language, so that the nation will have some unique idioms with a strong religi

26、ous color. In the Anglo-American countries, English culture was effect deeply by the Catholic Church and Christianity. So there are some idioms about them, such as: (1) God help those who help themselves. (2) Go to hell. (3) As poor as the church mouse.These idioms come from these religions. And Chi

27、nas three major religions are Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism. There are many Idioms derived from these three religions, such as: (1) Lay aside their arms.(2) Road Bearing minded that. (3) You can run, but you cant hide.3 .The skills of translation Idioms In idioms translation, in addition to fait

28、hfully express the original meaning, we must also try to keep the original image of the metaphor, rich associations, rhetorical effects and ethnic styles. The following are a few commonly described in English-Chinese Idioms Translation.3.1 Direct Translation Direct Translation meaning of that in the

29、 case of the metaphor has not change, a direct image of the original language idioms should translated into target language. In this way to translate idioms, under the premise of obey the Chinese translation and the language specification, it could preserve the idiom of the metaphor, image, features

30、 and significant national, local and historical color. And also help to gain some fresh and vivid words, sentence structure and presentation methods from other places. For example:待添加的隐藏文字内容3Say one word more, and Ill bury a white blade in you and pull it red.The original text that bury a white blad

31、e in you and pull it red, the meaning of it was not only basically consistent with the Chinese idiom white knife in, knife out of red, but also retained the original idiom of the metaphor, images and other features.3.2 Comprehension Translation When the ideological and the content of original were c

32、onflict to the expression of translation, when used literally, it should be not proper. So we were according to the context using Comprehension Translation to translate it. But it can not rigidly adhere to the form of original. Comprehension Translation also requires a more accurate translation can

33、express the original content. For example:After I finished my work, he said that he wanted to give me a hand. I thought that his idea was just to carry coals to Newcastle.The original text that to carry coals to Newcastle, the surface meaning is to-coal to Newcastle, which is an allusion in English.

34、 Newcastle is the center of a rich coal in the United Kingdom. Transported the coal to Newcastle is an extra thing. Therefore, this allusion can only be used comprehension translation, and the Chinese uncalled for was exact intent.3.3 Altered Translation In English and Chinese languages, part of the

35、 idioms are not only synonymous with the same meaning or hidden meaning, and have the same or very similar to the image or metaphor. On translation, if we encounter such a situation, it may be straightforward to use Chinese synonymous idioms to translate it. For example:(1). Spend money like water.(

36、2). Two heads are better than one. (3). Birds of a feather flock together. 3.4 Additional Translation Additional Translation is based on the direct translation, and appropriate to add some original implicit cultural information to help the readers understand the incomprehensible translation due to t

37、ranslate by the direct translation. Some idioms with their specific national characteristics, even if we used the direct translated, the readers will be difficult to understand. So after the translation finished, we should add some corresponding cultural information or explanatory text, which makes

38、it easier for readers to understand and accept, and be able to appreciate the expressed intent that the author of the original thoughts. Such as:(1). Its fruit knows a tree. (2). A blind man on a blind horse-rushing headlong to disaster.As can be seen from the above example, the additional translati

39、on is not only explaining the original metaphor of the meaning of idioms, but also beneficial to cultural exchange. It is both a simple and convenient method of Idioms.4 .Conclusion Generally speaking, idioms are the essence of the national language. It is the richest cultural part of the languages.

40、 On translation, it is involved in two different cultural backgrounds, and also involves two kinds of language of expression. Therefore, the accurate translation of idioms asked us to have a profound literary cultivation and cultural foundation. And read more books about the china and west history,

41、customs, geography and so on. After reading, we should accumulate knowledge, in order to better translation. Translation need be tested in practice, in addition to reciprocal communication between the translators.Bibliography：1王钊.英汉习语的文化差异及其翻译策略J.北京航空航天大学北海学院 广西北海 2008.112李跃宇.浅谈英汉习语的翻译J黑龙江鸡西大学 黑龙江鸡西

42、 2008 NO.073罗利芳，徐晓靓英汉习语与翻译J武汉生物工程学院 外语系 湖北武汉 2008 第5期4郭建辉.英汉习语的翻译策略J. 四川外语学院 外国语文研究中心 重庆 2007.12 第6卷 第4期5王秋端.英汉习语翻译技巧的应用J. 厦门大学外文学院 福建厦门 2008.3 Vol.5 No.16许美珍.试论英汉习语的文化差异及翻译J. 哲学社会科学专辑M 2007.127张昕.谈习语的翻译技巧J 乌鲁木齐边防检查站 新疆 乌鲁木齐 2008.11 第24卷 第11期8颜志辉.英汉习语的文化差异及翻译J 金华职业技术学院 浙江 金华 2008.59闻洪玉.中英文习语的文化差异和翻译方法J 哈工大华德应用技术学院 外语系 哈尔滨 2008 NO.3210李继文.英语系与翻译研究J 福州职业技师学院 外语系 福建 福州 2008.3 Vol.25 No.2