大学体验英语第三版综合教程4 UNIT3答案.doc

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1、Unit3Listen1. exclusive2. fixed3. authorize4. distributor5. raised6. downloading7. products8. ordered it to pay $25 000 9. An exact number of CDs and total damages will be determined at a November hearing 10. We believe that everyone should have the right to listen to the music they purchase think a

2、bout it 1. This is a controversial issue. On the one hand, those who are positive about it believe that downloading music for free is something that most of us have engaged in one time or another. It is certainly no high crime. Sharing music files online for free is a mini-consumer revolution and bo

3、on for artists it is definitively ethical. On the other hand, those who are against it argue that its no different from going into the artists house and stealing his CD off the shelf. By stealing music, you are not only hurting musicians but also breaking the law.2. This question has two different b

4、ut valid answers. If one answers the question from a strictly legal point of view, copyright infringement is clearly not theft. It is only a violation of one or more specific statutes, violation is different from theft. In general, the legal definition of theft involves the unauthorized taking of an

5、others property. Even though we use the phrase Intellectual Property rather casually, making a copy of a protected work does not involve taking that property it involves violating the owners right to control copying of the property. Others who are willing to rely on a more informal definition of the

6、 word “theft” assert that copyright infringement is theft. It may not meet the standard for statutory theft, but violating someones right to control copying at a minimum represents an ethereal opportunity cost, and in many cases tangible economic loss. To the person who finds their work stolen, the

7、feeling of theft is quite real.3. The purpose of copyright law is to promote the progress of useful arts and science by protecting the exclusive right of authors and inventors to benefi t from their works of authorship.Passage A网络版权执法赚钱之道丹佛布莱恩希尔，一位北卡罗来纳州20岁的博主，去年12月在他自己的博客上发布了一张机场保安人员搜身的照片，没想到由此引来了一

8、场法律战。 一个月后，希尔先生收到一封电子邮件，发件人是拉斯维加斯太阳报的一位记者，他正在调查一家专为报社代理版权诉讼的内华达公司。电子邮件通知希尔先生，他也是Righthaven公司起诉的对象之一。尽管那张机场照片在希尔先生从网上撤下之前就早已在网上 疯传，但这张照片却是丹佛邮报11月18日首次刊发的。 希尔先生撤下了照片，但为时已晚。法院的传票送到了他的家里。该诉讼要求法律赔偿。尽管没有提出赔偿的具体数字，但希尔先生被控“故意”侵权，根据联邦版权法，在这种情况下诉讼方可获得高达15 000美元的赔偿。 “我很震惊，”希尔先生说。“我想，也许这是一个玩笑或者只是用来吓唬我的。我真不知道那张照

9、片是受版权保护的。” 在过去一年，各大报纸一直在想方设法保护它们投放在网上的信息内容。Righthaven公司在科罗拉多和内华达州针对未经丹佛邮报或拉斯维加斯评论期刊的授权直接在网上转贴的资料所提起的类似的联邦诉讼就超过了200起。 旗下拥有丹佛邮报的新闻媒体集团的副总裁莎拉格兰斯在一封电子邮件中说，搜身的照片已在300多个网站上转载使用，而这些网站均未注明照片版权属于邮报或其摄影师。 评论期刊的投资人兼斯蒂芬斯媒体的法律总顾问马克西纽贝尔赞同格兰斯的观点，说剪贴文章就是“窃取我们所编辑材料的潜在读者和网络流量。”然而，一些批评家却争辩说，Righthaven公司的做法过于严厉，他们希望在人们

10、还没有搞清楚是否违反了联邦版权法之前就速战速决。通常情况下，他们不会对当事人进行警示就提起诉讼。Righthaven公司很少预先发出通知，要求网站撤下不属于自己的信息资料，而是直接索要赔偿，并要求取消该网站域名。根据一些对此类案件兴趣日益浓厚的互联网法律专家的观察，这种行径十分简单:Righthaven公司搜寻在网络上转贴的报刊材料，通常是一篇文章、摘录或是一幅照片，再去获取版权，然后由公司就提起诉讼。圣克拉拉大学法学院高科技法律研究所主任埃里克戈德曼说，在网上重新粘贴已发布的材料，如果未减少其原有市场价值，就适用“公平使用”的原则。关注该诉讼的其他评论家也认为，出于讨论的目的而重新粘贴的资料

11、不构成侵权。“许多被告对版权法知之甚少”，戈德曼先生说。“他们不是要与报纸竞争，而仅仅是不知道有关规定。”戈德曼先生曾向被Righthaven公司起诉的公司非正式地建议庭外和解。“没有人真的相信从未在任何地方发表过任何东西的Righthaven公司取得了其诉讼文章的全部所有权，”兰达扎先生这样写道。他的法律小组最近提出动议，驳回Righthaven公司的其他两起案件，并指控该公司涉嫌版权索赔欺诈。吉布森先生否认他们诉讼的特定目标是不知情的博主并提到对德拉吉先生的诉讼。Righthaven公司指控“德拉吉报导网站”未经允许贴出了机场保安搜身的照片。吉布森先生说诉讼最后达成庭外和解。“不管是粘贴显

12、示在M还是C上，转移网站受众的危害已经形成，” 他说。“如果指控成立，说我们纯粹是一家贪婪的公司，而不是在推动版权法权益，那我们就不会处置网站受众转移的问题。”格兰斯女士说，新闻媒体集团“审查过每一个违规事件，但只核准那些针对刊登广告而非从事慈善活动的网站提起的诉讼。”希尔先生患有自闭症和糖尿病，和母亲靠残疾救助生活。他说Righthaven公司曾一度提出只需赔偿6 000美元，但遭到他的拒绝。科罗拉多州的一位律师大卫科尔一直在为他进行无偿辩护。一位主持该案件的联邦法官上个月批评Righthaven公司利用法庭与那些担心诉讼费用可能高昂的被告达成和解。不久后，Righthaven公司自愿放弃诉

13、讼，声称之前他们的确不知道希尔先生的健康状况。但与此同时Righthaven公司在法庭文件中指出，放弃对该案件的起诉并不意味着放弃对其他侵权人的起诉，并警告希尔先生不要再继续使用受著作权保护的资料。希尔先生最近决定恢复自己的网站，他把遭起诉后撤下的各种政治文章和自己的思考评述都加上了相关链接。在网站上，希尔先生也发布了一则阐释自己看法的告示，说明该网站所挂材料，即使未得到使用许可，也符合公平使用的原则。不过，这一次希尔先生说他会绕开任何可能会使他陷入与Righthaven公司产生麻烦的影像或故事。 二. 1. G2. D3. A4. B5. F6. E7. A8. C9. G三.（1）Mr.

14、Hill posted on his web site a photograph of an airport security officer conducting a pat-down, which was claimed by The Denver Post. （2）He was accused of “willful” infringement. （3）They should be exempted from being sued because many of them were ill-informed about the copyright law and they did not

15、 violate it intentionally; they simply didnt know the rules. （4）Because the company often extracts swift settlement before it is clear to the defendants that there is a violation of federal copyright law. The suits are often filed without warning.（5）If it finds a newspaper article republished on the

16、 Web, it tries to obtain the full ownership of the article, and then it files its suit against the use on the Web.（6）（7）Shortly after the company was aware of Mr. Hills health problem, they moved voluntarily to drop the suit.四.infringement,copyrighted,ultimately,echoed,contended,diminish,ill-informe

17、d, ownership, revive, links五. 1. infringed 2. echoed 3. excerpted 4. qualify 5. legal6. revived 7. accused 8. tactics 9. diminished 10. fraudulent六. 1. looking into 2. accused of 3. grapple with 4. presided over 5. steer clear七. 1. be accused of infringement 2. constitute the fair use 3. compete wit

18、h a newspaper 4. file a lawsuit 5. diminish the market value 6. obtain the copyright7. revive the Web site 8. seek damages 9. demand forfeiture 10. reap the benefi t 11. take down the photo 12 . preside over the case八.（1）You should pluck off the dead fl owers in time.（2）I dont think what you said re

19、ally qualifi es as an answer.（3）Our shouts echoed through the silent streets.（4）There is no doubt that his grades have improved and his interest in learning has revived.（5）The Smiths have fi led for divorce in the divorce court.九.（1）It is of course a ridiculous fancy. Being a tycoon is the last thin

20、g I imagine and also a thing I utterly despise.（2）The researchers say that children under stress at home can cause problems in the classroom, which ultimately hurts all the students ability to learn（3）A study in the medical journal echoes the warning of an impending health catastrophe brought about

21、by the financial crisis, saying there are signs of a sharp rise in mental health problems and suicide.（4）When pupils are practicing cheating for the purpose of obtaining better school marks than they deserve, they are surely training themselves for lives of deceit and dishonesty.（5）Would people be a

22、ble to drive a car, a bus and any other vehicle on the roadway if there were no traffic regulations?十.John:Why is it that people have such a difficult time following copyright laws?Yang:There are some countries in the world, John, where the average person cannot afford entertainment or technology un

23、less it is pirated and sold on the black market.John:Copyrighted material is intellectual property. If someone violates these laws, they are violating the rights of those who created the music, software, movie, or idea. It is a blatant disregard for laws, peoples rights, and an international moral s

24、tandard.Yang:How, then, do you propose to make entertainment and technology available to the masses in countries where the average income is lower than the poverty level in the United States? Are they to be deprived of entertainment, aside from that created in their own countries?John:In America, no

25、t all people can afford entertainment and new technology, either. People must spend their money wisely and share with others. Violations of copyright laws keep the creators from making their share of the profits for their own idea.Yang:What should the United States do to prohibit American college st

26、udents from downloading illegal music off the Internet?John:The US should work to protect peoples property and their right to information online.Yang:I believe you are holding a double-standard, John. If people in the United States - who can afford entertainment - can download free music or buy chea

27、p, fake goods, then why is it wrong for people in poorer countries to do the same, just to have entertainment at all?John:It does not sound like a problem which can be easily solved, does it?Yang:No, it wont be solved unless there is a global mandate to ease copyright protection laws or Western comp

28、anies prorate their prices to meet the income levels of poorer countries.十一. Fighting Against PiracyNowadays the problem of piracy has become increasingly serious. Not only is there a serious lack of knowledge amongst the general public about piracy issues, but there is also an attitude of indiffere

29、nce.These days piracy is strongly evident in the commercial world in the wide availability of illegal softwares and DVDs, the inclusion of copyrighted pictures, web graphics, video clips and magazine portions in business presentations and the photocopying of books and articles for distribution witho

30、ut the authors permission.The negative consequences of piracy are two-fold. Firstly, the copyright owners are likely to suffer significant financial losses. Secondly, the copyright owner loses recognition, if the source of the material is unacknowledged.Therefore it is important for all citizens to

31、become educated about piracy issues, to follow copyright laws in their own lives, and to encourage their colleagues and friends to do the same.Passage B你是一个版权犯罪者吗？由于新的扫描和复制技术的应用，以及网络内容的传播，在准备报告演示时，人们很难避免对他人著作权的侵害。然而，作家、程序设计员、艺术家和著作权所有人正在学会使用新战术和技术来捍卫自己的权利，面对侵权他们变得越来越勇敢。如果你不了解版权规则，你就有可能败诉于法庭。你在工作中是否见

32、到过这样的人：他们有时是厚颜无耻，有时又很健忘，毫无顾忌地进行违法侵权行为。也许，你也会不知不觉地成为他们之中的一员。他们是版权剽窃者假冒“迪尔伯特（Dilbert）”漫画，从杂志上扫描照片，从网上下载图片，从贸易期刊上复印文章，拷贝音频文件，剪辑视频节目片断或光盘音乐到他们的演示报告里和印刷材料里，他们根本就没有理会这样做会践踏他人的著作权。有些人是明知故犯，他们心存侥幸，认为被捉住的可能性很小，冒险去盗用那些现存的、高质量的内容，这种盗用不费吹灰之力，但回报却是巨大的。而另一些人则没有意识到，对那些已经存在的材料文章、图片、音乐、歌曲、手稿或电影片段看似合法的再利用，其实也是侵权行为。奥特

33、姆贝尔是一位负责员工培训的专家，经常为新墨西哥大学做宣传演示。她说过去在为电信公司工作时她亲眼目睹并参与了许多涉嫌滥用著作权的行为。在那里，她和经理们一起工作，为了节省钱，经理们就命令下属复印其他公司的培训材料。她还看到许多小的违章行为，如公然大量复印和散发宣传手册和资料。在六年的时间里，“我从未听人提到版权这个词，”贝尔说。对那些忙碌的报告人来说是很容易忽略版权的，毕竟，报告准备是有最后期限限制的，报告还须事先排练。有时候，你前一周在财富杂志上读到的文章，或前一天从网上下载的照片正好适合你明天将提交的报告你会去考虑版权许可吗？可谁有时间呢？你或许认为应给予版权人一点象征性的报酬。或许，你会认

34、为著作权拥有者正希望有人免费替他做广告，不是么？况且，他们发现的可能性又有多大呢？但现实是：无论你演示的报告是用在公司内还是给外面的观众看，你被发现侵犯版权的几率每日都在增加，同样你被罚重金的可能性也与日俱增。侵犯著作权的法定赔付金每例可达到20 000美元，而且，在某些蓄意侵犯的情况下，由于实际上的损失超过了罚金，可以被判高达100 000美元的法定赔付金。此外，现在根据美国法律，10个以上的拷贝和价值2 500美元以上的商业版权侵犯都会定为重罪。在最近的一个案例中，有个公司被罚了7位数的赔付金，其原因是未经授权就复印了一家贸易期刊上的文章并存档后在内部散发。在公司林立的美国几乎每天都有类似

35、的侵权行为发生。并且，盗版在互联网上的增加使得执证组织、维权团体和其他的版权警察不得不采取行动来捍卫他们版权人的利益。培训媒体协会一家培训录像销售公司的监督机构公布：凡是举报非法复印或未经批准就将现有的培训录像“公开放映”的人都能得到10 000美元的奖赏。最近，一个临时职业代理处的雇员向TMA培训媒体协会报告，该处做了四份非法录像拷贝（代理处没有做录像拷贝的执照），并将拷贝发到它的50个办公室使用，为此，这个代理处付出了6位数的庭外和解费用。联合媒体“迪尔伯特（Dilbert）”漫画的批发商一直呼吁人们从他们的公开网站和内部网站上清除非法刊登的“迪尔伯特（Dilbert）”漫画。ASCAP（

36、美国作曲家、作家与出版家协会）和BMI（美国音乐作品保护机构）也规定凡在公众场所播放受版权保护的音乐必须得到他们的批准，并声称这一规定适用于大多数商业环境。据悉，这两家机构将把大型会议中心和旅馆纳入他们巡查的范围之中，以确保那些公共场所播放的，即使是很短的音乐片段，也必须获得许可。你认为这些关于滥用版权的讨论过分了吗？难道认识到保护好自己以免受起诉的法律只是另一个繁文缛节的一纸空文吗？难道在那些从事报告演示工作的人群中公开的盗版者仅是寥寥无几吗？人们对这些问题的回答，一定会使你大吃一惊。尽管许多版权滥用案例的影响不大或仅为一些偶然事件有些忙碌的报告演示人，虽然赞成版权法，但他们又时常忽略版权许

37、可的要求。另一些报告人对公开放映的版权不甚了解，或者把合理使用的条款延伸到极限。为撰写本文所做的访谈和调查表明，那些经常进行报告演示的人严重缺乏有关版权法的知识。公布在Listservs网站上为期两月的“回顾评论”引来报告演示人和培训人员的不断光顾，观察表明他们中很多人把违犯版权法视为家常便饭，对怎样才是合法使用普遍缺乏了解。的确，培训媒体协会在1993的调查中发现30%以上被调查公司的资料室中的录像是非法拷贝，印好的训练材料中75%以上是非法复印（调查回答为匿名）。TMA董事长鲍勃格尔克说，或许在调查后的六年时间里情况会变得更加糟糕。格尔克认为，一个典型的著作权侵犯者往往“自认为是一个为公司

38、节省了钱的英雄，尤其是当公司预算吃紧时。” 十二. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F十三.（1） Because they are using new tactics and technologies to enforce their rights. （2）Because they dont want to pay for the use of the copyrighted materials or they give the copyright short shrift to.（3）Commercial copyright violation involving more

39、than 10 copies and a value of more than $2 500.（4）To encourage people to report on illegal copying or unauthorized “public performance” of off-the-shelf training videos.（5）It shows there is a general lack of understanding about what constitutes legal use.十四. 1. have witnessed 2. trample 3. abusing 4

40、. manual 5. duplicated 6.knowingly7.tactic8.Patrolling9.budget10.Enforce十五. 1. end up 2. give . short shrift 3. step up . to 4. infringed on 5. Doesnt fit into十六. 1. a fine 2. rights / law 3. law / rights 4. Money 5. deadlines 6. a presentation7. Rehearsals 8. a copy / money 9. permission 10. an int

41、erview十七. Righthaven被认为是一家惯以代表报纸业主针对其报道内容遭其他网站转载而诈取经济赔偿的代理公司。其做法是报纸把“起诉权”让渡给Righthaven，令其代表自己提起诉讼，最后与Righthaven利益分摊。Righthaven公司的主要策略是地毯式搜索，对他们所发现的每个“目标”进行法律威胁，全然不顾其主张正确与否。要是遇上敢于硬碰硬的对手，他们就立即撤诉。这可是经典的“版权钓鱼”把戏！现如今，Righthaven已经走到行将就木的地步了。他们丧失了对域名的所有权（被划转给了曾被他们起诉的受害者，法院判决Righthaven赔偿该受害人的诉讼费用，该受害人一跃成为他们

42、的债权人），惨遭破产，就等着被别人一脚踢进无名的乱坟堆了。当然不排除某位昔日的投资者会卷土重来，拯救其于危难之中，但这种痴人说梦式的奇迹简直就是天方夜谭！十八.（1）She admired her grandmother. （2）Negative. （3）To advertise his product （4）A daytime home burglary. （5）Negative十九.（1）相对论现在还有许多人不能理解。 （2）一些设备处于无人管理的状态。 （3）机器本身并不提供动力。 （4）并非两个建议都能被委员会接受 （5）这个问题我理解不了 （6）在没检查仪器之前，千万别做实验。二十.

43、Trade Secrets ProtectionA trade secret is defined as any formula, pattern, device, or compilation of information that is used in ones business that gives it an advantage over competitors who do not know or use it.Trade secret protection has advantages in some circumstance over other types of protect

44、ion, including patents. Patents may last for a maximum of approximately 20 years. Trade secret protection may last as long as the information remains secret. For example, Kentucky Fried Chickens blend of 11 herbs and spices has well kept trade secret for about 40 years and Coca-Colas soda formula ha

45、s been a valuable trade secret during 100 years since it original formulation. Trade secret protection also typically cost less to maintain. There are no government fees associated with trade secret. In addition, there are no attorney fees for drafting and prosecuting a trade secret, unlike for a pa

46、tent application. Further, a trade secret does not have to meet the high patentability standards of utility, novelty and nonobviousness. As a result, the subject matter protectable as a trade secret is extremely broad from chemical formula to service plans. One of the major drawbacks of using trade

47、secrets protection is that care must be constantly exercised to ensure the confidentiality of the secret. Even one inadvertent disclosure of the information may result in loss of trade secret protection. Anything that can be readily discovered by “reverse engineering” must be used if the invention is to be protected. Trade secret information also is frequently exploited by former employees due to ill will toward the former employer or the profitability of corporate spying, or both. 二十一. Zhang Yin9 Green StreetChongqingMay 20, 2012L